(1'-Benzoylferrocenyl)diphenylmethanol; a Centrosymmetric R⁴₄(16) Dimer Generated by C-H...O Hydrogen Bonding

In (1'-benzoylferrocenyl)diphenylmethanol, [(PhCOC₅H₄)Fe(C₅H₄)]CPh₂OH, (C₃₀H₂₄FeO₂), there is an intramolecular O-H...O hydrogen bond with O...O 2.891 (2) Å: the ferrocenyl unit adopts an eclipsed conformation and the molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by C-H...O hydrogen bonds with C...O 3.357 (3) Å, to generate a cyclic R⁴₄(16) motif

State Liability for Violation of Constitutional Rights Against Indigenous People in Freedom of Religion and Belief

The government is perceived as the main perpetrator on violations of freedom of religion and belief in Indonesia. As the state organizer, the government frequently issues discriminatory regulations and policies and tend to cause intolerance to minority religions and beliefs, particularly to indigenous peoples. While freedom of religion or belief is a constitutional rights that cannot be reduced and is guaranteed universally in constitution and laws, the law provides limitation that causes ambiguity in the fulfillment of the rights of religion and belief. In addition, the government mindset still adheres to the term of "official religion" and "non-official religion" in any policy-making, causing adherents of minority religions and beliefs to be considered as cultural heritage to be preserved. This creates injustice, discrimination, intimidation and intolerance in rights fulfillment in state and society life. This paper discusses the existence of the guarantee of freedom of religion and belief for indigenous people and state liability for violations of freedom of religion and belief. This research used normative juridical method with statute approach and conceptual approach

Accurate Redeterminations of 1,1'-Dibenzoylferrocene and (4-Nitrophenyl)ferrocene

In the solid state, molecules of 1,1'-dibenzoylferrocene, [Fe(C₁₂H₉O)₂], (I), are linked to form infinite chains in the [100] direction via (cyclopentadienyl)C-H...O hydrogen bonds [C...O 3.354 (4) Å]. In the structure of (4-nitrophenyl)ferrocene, [Fe(C₅H₅)(C₁₁H₈NO₂)], (II), there are no C-H...O hydrogen bonds and molecules are separated by normal van der Waals distances. For earlier determinations see Struchkov [Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR (1956), 110, 67-70] for (I) and Roberts et al. [J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1988), pp. 1549-1556] for (II)

Invariant and Preserving Transforms for Cross Ratio of 4-Points in a line on Desargues Affine Plane

This paper introduces advances in the geometry of the transforms for cross ratio of four points in a line in the Desargues affine plane. The results given here have a clean, based Desargues affine plan axiomatic's and definitions of addition and multiplication of points on a line in this plane, and for skew field properties. In this paper are studied, properties and results related to the some transforms for cross ratio for 4-points, in a line, which we divide into two categories, \emph{Invariant} and \emph{Preserving} transforms for cross ratio. The results in this paper are (1) the cross-ratio of four points is \emph{Invariant} under transforms: Inversion, Natural Translation, Natural Dilation, Mobi\"us Transform, in a line of Desargues affine plane. (2) the cross-ratio of four points is \emph{Preserved} under transforms: parallel projection, translations and dilation's in the Desargues affine plane.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 24 References. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2209.02636, arXiv:2209.14241, arXiv:2208.1274

Sociocultural Factors Influencing Adoption of Shea Butter Processing Technologies in Oyo State

This study investigates the effects of livelihood outcomes on the use of improved shea butter processing technologies in Oyo state Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 386 shea butter processors as respondents. Primary data were collected using interview schedule. Descriptive and multiple regression were employed to analyse data. Findings showed that respondents were female (91.5%), 85.5% are married, average of 55.2 years of age, average of 7 household members. The socio-cultural characteristics of the respondents revealed that 39.9% were without formal education, 47.9% and 44.3% were Muslims and Christians respectively, about 74.4% of the respondents had 6-10 persons per household, 95.3% of the respondents were members of agro-processing group while majority 44.0% combined Shea processing with employment as civil servant. Results from regression analysis (R2 = 0. 718, F = 6.327, p < 0.01) revealed that socio-economic factors significantly influenced the adoption level of Shea butter processing technologies among processors in Oyo State. By implication, socio-cultural characteristics of shea butter processors predicted 71.8% of processors’ probability to adopt the shea butter processing technologies. The result of the inferential analysis further indicated that annual income from shea processing (β = 6.196) and other occupations (β = 1.540), showed significant relationship. Membership of social group also showed positive significant relationship (β = 2.092). The study concluded that adoption of ISBPTs among Shea Butter processors in Oyo State is low and socio-cultural factors such as educational status, family size, religious affiliation, annual income significantly influenced the adoption of ISBPTs among Shea butter processors in the study area. It is therefore recommended that Shea butter processors should be granted access to credit facilities to boost adoption of ISBPTs. Shea processors should also be exposed to extension agents and sensitization should be carried out by relevant stakeholders to disabuse the religious beliefs influencing adoption ISBPTs in Oyo State

A Matrix Iteration for Finding Drazin Inverse with Ninth-Order Convergence

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, a matrix iteration for finding approximate inverses of nonsingular square matrices is constructed. Second, how the new method could be applied for computing the Drazin inverse is discussed. It is theoretically proven that the contributed method possesses the convergence rate nine. Numerical studies are brought forward to support the analytical parts

Characterization and physical modeling of endurance in embedded non-volatile memory technology

Transient and endurance mechanisms in highperformance embedded non-volatile memory flash devices are investigated in detail. An extraction methodology combining measurements on equivalent transistors and flash cells is proposed to discriminate the effects of defects on program/erase (P/E) efficiencies and on DC characteristics. A semi-analytical multiphonon-assisted charge trapping model is used to investigate the role and the impact of trapped charges on channel hotelectron injection and Fowler-Nordheim efficiencies, threshold voltage variations and endurance characteristics. © 2011 IEEE

Remediation of salt-affected soil by the addition of organic matter: an investigation into improving glutinous rice productivity

Soil salinity may limit plant growth and development, and cause yield loss in crop species. This study aimed at remediating saline soil using organic matter (OM) treatment, before the cultivation of RD6 rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica). Physiological and morphological characters of rice plants, as well as crop yield, were evaluated from salt-affected soil with varying levels of salinity. The chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll pigments of rice plants grown in salt-affected soil (2% salt level) with the application of OM were maintained better than in plants grown without OM treatment. The degree of reduced photosynthetic pigments in rice plants was dependent on the level of salt contamination. Pigment content was positively related to maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), leading to reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and reduced total grain weight (TGW). Photosynthetic abilities, including chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll pigments and ΦPSII, in rice plants grown with OM treatment were greater than in those cultivated in soil without the OM treatment, especially in high salt levels (1-2% salt). The remediation of salt-affected soil in paddy fields using OM should be applied further, as an effective way of enhancing food crop productivity