10 research outputs found
Detailed clay mineralogy of the TriassicJurassic boundary section at Kendlbachgraben (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria)
The Triassic-Jurassic boundary (TJB) is marked by one of the five largest
Phanerozoic mass extinctions. To constrain existing models for TJB events, we obtained a
stratigraphically highly resolved dataset from a marine section at Kendlbachgraben, Austria.
The topmost Triassic Ko¨ssen Formation contains low to medium-charged smectite and vermiculite
as alteration products of mafic-ultramafic minerals. The clay minerals in the boundary mudstone are
kaolinite 5 illite + muscovite >> smectite > chlorite. Predominant kaolinite suggests humid climate
and abundant terrigenous input. In the lowermost Jurassic, the clay mineral pattern changes to illite +
muscovite >> kaolinite >> smectite, which reflects change to less humid and more moderate climate.
The topmost Ko¨ssen Formation also contains clay spherules. Their composition, shape and size
indicate that they are alteration products of airborne volcanic glass droplets solidified in the air,
settled in the sea and altered rapidly with negligible transport in terrestrial or marine environments.
Our data are consistent with sudden climatic change at the TJB, as a result of large-scale volcanic
activity of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province which produced distal airfall volcanic ash
Underwater measurements with UX robots; a new and available tool developed by UNEXUP
The UNEXMIN (Horizon 2020) and UNEXUP (EIT RawMaterials)
projects developed a novel technology to send robots and even autonomously
deliver optical images, 3D maps and other georeferenced scientific data from
flooded underground environments, like abandoned mines, caves or wells. The
concept turned into a market ready solution in seven years, where the last
few years of field trials of the development beautifully demonstrating the
technology's premier capabilities. Here in this paper, we focus on the wide
variety of environments, circumstances and measurements where the UNEXMIN
technology can be the best solution or the only solution to deliver certain
research or engineering data. These are obtained from both simple and
complex environments like different mines and caves, small and large
cavities, long and tight tunnels and shafts, different visibility
conditions, even different densities of the liquid medium where UX robots
operated.</p