TV in Slovenia before the official opening: between the end of 19th century and the year 1958

Leta 2008 RTV Slovenije praznuje 50-letnico televizije, a začetki televizije v Sloveniji segajo v čas pred tem. Avgusta 1956 sodelavci RA Ljubljana že pripravljajo prve TV-oddaje, a televizija se je začela še prej. Leta 1947 je bil v Ljubljani ustanovljen Laboratorij za televizijo. Razvijal je opremo, leta 1954 je pripravil načrt uvajanja televizije kot ustanove, pa tudi prvi javni prikaz delovanja televizije. Tudi ta "izum" ni bil "prvi" - prenos slike na daljavo je leta 1929 v Ljubljani izpeljal baron Anton Codelli v okviru poizkusov na področju mehanske televizije. Množica "prvih" torej terja previdnost pri opredeljevanju "začetkov", z rekonstrukcijo nekaterih pojavov iz zgodnje zgodovine televizije v Sloveniji pa opozarjam tudi na pomen, ki ga ima konceptualizacija tehnologije kot rabe za preučevanje medijev danes. Medij, kot ga poznamo, ni edina možna, temveč le prevladujoča raba medijske tehnologije. Njena uveljavitev poteka postopoma in ne brez zapletov, ki pričajo, da razmerje med družbami in tehnologijami ni enostavno razmerje vzroka in učinka. Razvoj medijskih tehnologij ni določen vnaprej, odvisen je od vsakokratnih razprav o razsežnostih in oblikah družbenega življenja, v katerih sodelujejo vsi člani družbe. Pogled v preteklost je torej tudi vodilo za prihodnost. Kakšni bodo mediji prihodnosti, je odvisno od slehernega od nas.In 2008, the Slovenian public Radio and Television (RTV Slovenia) is celebrating the 50th anniversary of television, but television in Slovenia began long before 1958. In August 1956 the employees of Radio Ljubljana were already producing TV shows, but television began even earlier. In 1947 the Laboratory for Television was founded in Ljubljana with the aim to develop television equipment. In 1954, the Laboratory also presented a plan to start television broadcasting and organised the first public demonstration of television as a new medium. However, much earlier - in 1929 - baron Anton Codelli of Ljubljana succeeded to transmit mechanically an image at a distance. The multiplicity of "the firsts" clearly demands some cautiousness in defining "the beginnings." The reconstruction of some phenomena from the early history of television in Slovenia also indicates the importance of the conception of technology as a use for contemporary media research. The medium as we know it is only a dominant use of media technology but not the only possible one. It prevailed gradually and not without complications which testify that the relationship between societies and technologies is not a simple cause-effect relation. Development of media technologies is not determined in advance, it depends on debates about the scope and form of social life that involve all members of society. The look into the past is thus also the guidance for the future. How the media of the future are going to be, depends on every one of us

Hybridisation of slovene public broadcasting: from national community towards commercial nationalism

Public broadcasting institutions have existed as central and publicly funded national institutions, providing services in the public interest. The coincidence of technological, political and economic circumstances in the last 20 years or so, however, has challenged their monopoly position. Technological developments - specifically digitalisation - have expanded spectrum availability. In some cases, public television has been commercialised, privatised or marginalised by the introduction of commercial channels. This article focuses on a specific case study of the Slovene public broadcaster. It addresses the fate of public service television in the digital and post-communist era, tracing the transformation from state broadcasters to the era of digital delivery, audience fragmentation and commercial nationalism. It explores, on the one hand, the way in which public service broadcasters have embraced and capitalised on new forms of digital distribution and, on the other, how they continue to embrace national(istic) and commercial imperatives

Hybridisation of Slovene public broadcasting

Public broadcasting institutions have existed as central and publicly funded national institutions, providing services in the public interest. The coincidence of technological, political and economic circumstances in the last 20 years or so, however, has challenged their monopoly position. Technological developments - specifically digitalisation - have expanded spectrum availability. In some cases, public television has been commercialised, privatised or marginalised by the introduction of commercial channels. This article focuses on a specific case study of the Slovene public broadcaster. It addresses the fate of public service television in the digital and post-communist era, tracing the transformation from state broadcasters to the era of digital delivery, audience fragmentation and commercial nationalism. It explores, on the one hand, the way in which public service broadcasters have embraced and capitalised on new forms of digital distribution and, on the other, how they continue to embrace national(istic) and commercial imperatives

Stališča do genetsko modificiranih organizmov v Sloveniji

Objective: Because existing studies examining the impact of knowledge on peopleʼs attitudes towards genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have had contradictory results, the goal of this study was to explore the attitudes that the population of Slovenia has towards GMOs and how knowledge affects their attitudes. Methods: In January 2012, a telephone survey was conducted researching attitudes towards GMOs and knowledge about them on a representative sample of the population of Slovenia (N=446). Results: The results revealed a predominantly negative attitude towards GMOs, regardless of their type, application and geographical distanceperceptions of the negative impact of GMOs on an individualʼs health were particularly strong. The majority of respondents (59.5%) had moderate knowledge about GMOs, while a largeshare (30.4%) had poor knowledge of the topic. They had better objective knowledge about topics linked to formal education or legislation and a weaker understanding of mass media myths. Correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance showed a statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes towards GMOs. The respondents with better objective knowledge (who gave the correct answers to test questions) had a less firm and a more positive attitude towards GMOs and vice versa. The respondents who lacked objective knowledge but expressed subjective knowledge (they were convinced that their answers were correct) on average had a more negative attitude towards GMOs compared to those who lacked subjective knowledge. Conclusions: This finding leads to the conclusion that knowledge, particularly relating to media myths about GMOs, has an important role in forming attitudes towards the impact of GMOs on an individualʼs health.Namen: Zaradi nasprotujočih si izsledkov obstoječih raziskav o vplivu znanja na stališča o GSO je bil namen študije ugotoviti, kakšna so stališča prebivalcev Slovenije do gensko spremenjenih organizmov (GSO) in kako znanje vpliva na stališča o GSO. Metode: V januarju 2012 je bila izvedena telefonska anketa o stališčih in znanju o GSO na reprezentativnem vzorcu med prebivalci Slovenije (N = 446). Rezultati: Izsledki so pokazali prevladujoče negativno stališče do GSO ne glede na vrsto, uporabo in na zemljepisno oddaljenostpri tem posebej izstopa percepcija vpliva GSO na posameznikovo zdravje. Večina anketiranih (59,5 %) ima o GSO srednje dobro znanjevisok delež (30,4 %) je takih, katerih znanje je slabo. Boljše objektivno znanje imajo o temah iz formalnega izobraževanja ali spremljanja zakonodaje, slabše pa o medijskih mitih. Korelacijska analiza in enosmerna analiza variance sta pokazali, da medznanjem in stališči o GSO obstaja statistično značilna povezanost. Anketiranci z boljšim objektivnim znanjem (pravilni odgovori na testna vprašanja) imajo manj trdno in bolj pozitivno stališče do GSO in nasprotno. Anketiranci brez objektivnega znanja, a z izraženim subjektivnim znanjem (prepričanost o pravilnosti svojih odgovorov) imajo v povprečju bolj negativna stališča do GSO kot tisti, ki nimajo subjektivnega znanja. Zaključki:To pomeni, da ima znanje, še posebej pa medijski miti o GSO, pomembno vlogo pri oblikovanju stališča o vplivu GSO na posameznikovo zdravje

Ars Electronica : Facing the Future : A Survey of Two Decades

A survey of the two decades of the Ars Electronica festival in Linz, Austria that draws on the resources of its publications and archives to represent the ongoing debate about the effects of digital media on creativity and culture. Three different sections address the history, theory and practice of electronic art. Co-founder H. Leopoldseder gives an overview of each year of the festival and its chosen theme from 1979 to1999. Biographical notes. 353 bibl. ref