An Implementation of Grouping Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network Based on Distance by Using K-Means Clustering

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network consisting of several sensor nodes that communicate with each other and work together to collect data from the surrounding environment. One of the WSN problems is the limited available power. Therefore, nodes on WSN need to communicate by using a cluster-based routing protocol. To solve this, the researchers propose a node grouping based on distance by using k-means clustering with a hardware implementation. Cluster formation and member node selection are performed based on the nearest device of the sensor node to the cluster head. The k-means algorithm utilizes Euclidean distance as the main grouping nodes parameter obtained from the conversion of the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) into the distance estimation between nodes. RSSI as the parameter of nearest neighbor nodes uses lognormal shadowing channel modeling method that can be used to get the path loss exponent in an observation area. The estimated distance in the observation area has 27.9% error. The average time required for grouping is 58.54 s. Meanwhile, the average time used to retrieve coordinate data on each cluster to the database is 45.54 s. In the system, the most time-consuming process is the PAN ID change process with an average time of 14.20 s for each change of PAN ID. The grouping nodes in WSN using k-means clustering algorithm can improve the power efficiency by 6.5%

Pengembangan E-Comics untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa pada Materi Pecahan

Abstract:  In the world of education, technological progress needs to be put to good use to facilitate students in learning activities, one of which is by developing fascinating, interactive learning media and can increase student motivation and achievement. Hence, the study aims to develop e-comics to increase the interest for students studying fractions. This kind of research is developing research. The development model used is Addie model analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The test subject of this product is 31 student of math education through FGD (focus group discussion). Based on the results of the FGD that the developed comic media can be used as a teaching material in the learning process.Abstrak: Pada dunia pendidikan, kemajuan teknologi perlu dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin untuk memfasilitasi siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, salah satunya adalah dengan mengembangkan media pembelajaran yang menarik, interaktif serta dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-comics untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada materi Pecahan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE yaitu Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Hasil pengembangan media ini diimplementasikan pada FGD yang diikuti oleh 31 mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Matematika. Berdasarkan masukan dari hasil FGD, media komik yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar dalam proses pembelajaran

Thermal, flammability, and antimicrobial properties of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) fiber reinforced arrowroot starch biopolymer composites for food packaging applications

Using the solution casting method, a novel biodegradable thermoplastic arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) starch (TPAS) films containing arrowroot fiber (AF) at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%) were developed and characterized in terms of thermal, antibacterial activity, water vapor permeability (WVP), biodegradability, and light transmittance properties. The TPAS/AF-10 biocomposite film revealed a higher degradation temperature (313.02 °C) than other biocomposite films, indicating better thermal stability. Furthermore, increasing AF concentration led to a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the linear burning rate and WVP of the biocomposite films from 248.9 to 115.2 mm/min and 8.18 × 10−10 ×g. s−1.m−1. Pa−1 to 5.20 × 10−10 ×g. s−1.m−1. Pa−1, respectively. The addition of fibers in the surface structure had a significant impact on remarkable drop in opacity (91.1 to 74.1%). In addition, the incorporation of AF and control film showed an insignificant effect against three pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Bacillus subtilis (B29). The soil burial findings demonstrated that the weight loss of TPAS/AF biocomposite films was significantly higher than TPAS film. Overall, the reinforcement of arrowroot fiber with TPAS film improved the properties of biocomposites for environmentally friendly food packaging applications

Finite element analysis of 2-Station hip himulator

This paper presented the analysis of materials and design architecture of 2-station hip simulator. Hip simulator is a machine used to conduct the joint and wear test of hip prosthetic. In earlier work, the hip simulator was modified and some improvement were made by using SolidWorks software. The simulator consists of 3DOF which controlled by separate stepper motor and a static load that set up by manual method in each station. In this work, finite element analysis (FEA) of hip simulator was implemented to analyse the structure of the design and selected materials used for simulator component. The analysis is completed based on two categories which are safety factor and stress tests. Both design drawing and FEA was done using SolidWorks software. The study of the two categories is performed by applying the peak load up to 4000N on the main frame that is embedded with metal-on-metal hip prosthesis. From FEA, the value of safety factor and degree of stress formation are successfully obtained. All the components exceed the value of 2 for safety factor analysis while the degree of stress formation shows higher value compare to the yield strength of the material. With this results, it provides information regarding part of simulator which are susceptible to destruct. Besides, the results could be used for design improvement and certify the stability of the hip simulator in real application

Design of biped hip simulator using SolidWorks

The increasing number of people who underwent both hip implant surgery based on World Health Organization (WHO) has received massive attention from researchers lately to develop various types of hip simulators in order to test the hip implant. Various number of hip simulator have been developed with different functions and capabilities. This paper presents the design development of biped hip simulator using SolidWorks software by taking into consideration some improvement and modifications. The finite element method is used to test the design whether it is safe to be used or not. The biped hip simulator has been successfully designed and ready to be fabricated as the endurance testing shown a positive results. The von Mises stress induced in the material is an alloy steel which is 2,975,862.3 N/m2 lower than the yield strength. Thus, the design is safe to be used as it obey the safety criterion

Characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae causing fruit rot on pre-harvest mango in Malaysia

Lasiodiplodia species are important plant pathogens in mango production countries, infecting plants during both pre- and post- harvest phases. Fruit rot reduces mango production and creates tremendous losses in economy of the involved countries. Fungal isolation was conducted in eight locations throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Species identification was based on morphological characterisation and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin (BT2) gene sequences analysis. Twenty isolates were obtained and identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (17isolates) and L. pseudotheobromae (3 isolates). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum-likelihood method demonstrated that all isolates of L. theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae formed a monophyletic clade. In pathogenicity tests, most fungal isolates inoculated on mango fruit showed fruit rot symptom. The most virulent isolate was L. theobromae A1718 with disease severity index (DSI)of 87.5%

Mobile educational games for learning Sirah Nabi: development and usability evaluation

The pervasive use of the internet and mobile phone among the age group 5 – 17 years old makes learning through these media an attractive proposition. Mobile learning presents a flexible and inventive way of learning as well as the new normal. On the other hand, learning Sirah is an essential part of every Muslim in the world in order to understand what has happened in the past regarding our beloved prophet and to learn from his behaviour and follow his sunnah. However, past studies shown that the traditional learning approach seems dull and not interesting enough. Mobile learning thus offers a new solution in learning the Sirah and similar subjects most students find of low interest and dull. The study used a quantitative approach using survey for data collection; and was divided into two phases: Sirah Game Prototype Design and Usability Evaluation phase. The ADDIE model was adapted as a model to guide instructional design process and development of the Sirah mobile applications with five phases throughout the process. An evaluation model consisted of seven components namely Game Usability, Mobility, Learning Content and Playability, Satisfaction, Efficiency was implemented. The findings suggested that students are highly interested in the use of the games for learning, able to learn Sirah subject in better ways by using the games and learning with games was found as enjoyable way to learn. This study adds more to Islamic digital content and enhances the learning approach for Sirah subject. We hope to contribute more towards Islamic digital content in the future for the benefit of our ummah and community

Thermogravimetric analysis properties of cellulosic natural fiber polymer composites: a review on influence of chemical treatmentst

Natural fiber such as bamboo fiber, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber, kenaf fiber, and sugar palm fiber-reinforced polymer composites are being increasingly developed for lightweight structures with high specific strength in the automotive, marine, aerospace, and construction indus-tries with significant economic benefits, sustainability, and environmental benefits. The plant-based natural fibers are hydrophilic, which is incompatible with hydrophobic polymer matrices. This leads to a reduction of their interfacial bonding and to the poor thermal stability performance of the resulting fiber-reinforced polymer composite. Based on the literature, the effect of chemical treatment of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites had significantly influenced the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) together with the thermal stability performance of the composite structure. In this review, the effect of chemical treatments used on cellulose natural fiber-reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer composites has been reviewed. From the present review, the TGA data are useful as guidance in determining the purity and composition of the composites’ structures, drying, and the ignition temperatures of materials. Knowing the stability temperatures of compounds based on their weight, changes in the temperature dependence is another factor to consider regarding the effectiveness of chemical treatments for the purpose of synergizing the chemical bonding between the natural fiber with polymer matrix or with the synthetic fibers

Isoprene hotspots at the Western Coast of Antarctic Peninsula during MASEC′16

Isoprene (C5H8) plays an important role in the formation of surface ozone (O3) and the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) which contributed to the climate change. This study aims to determine hourly distribution of tropospheric isoprene over the Western Coast of Antarctic Peninsula (WCAP) during the Malaysian Antarctic Scientific Expedition Cruise 2016 (MASEC′16). In-situ measurements of isoprene were taken using a custom-built gas chromatography with photoionization detector, known as iDirac. Biological parameters such as chlorophyll a (chl-a) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were compared to the in-situ isoprene measurements. Significant positive correlation was observed between isoprene and POC concentrations (r2 = 0.67, p < 0.001), but not between isoprene and chl-a. The hotspots of isoprene over maritime Antarctic were then were investigated using NAME dispersion model reanalysis. Measurements showed that isoprene mixing ratio were the highest over region of King George Island, Deception Island and Booth Island with values of ∼5.0, ∼0.9 and ∼5.2 ppb, respectively. Backward trajectory analysis showed that air masses may have lifted the isoprene emitted by marine algae. We believe our findings provide valuable data set of isoprene estimation over the under sampled WCAP