Effect of human and technology interaction: computer vision syndrome among administrative staff in a public university

Introduction: Computer vision syndrome is a complex of eye and vision problems related to near work experienced during computer use. A cross-sectional study was done to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome, knowledge and attitude on visual ergonomics among administrative staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Material and Methods: Apre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 216 administrative staffs in 10 randomly selected faculties in UPM. Results: Of 146 respondents, a total of 92 (63%) respondents had computer vision syndrome. A proportion of the respondents (35.6%) had poor level of knowledge, while 50% had poor attitude on visual ergonomics. There was significant association between gender and level of knowledge on visual ergonomics (p=0.003). Conclusion: Computer vision syndrome is prevalent among the administrative staff. Preventive strategy such as trainings on visual ergonomics should be organized by the management

Dental caries and its associated factors among children aged 8-12 years in Libyan schools, Klang Valley, Malaysia

Background: Dental caries is a serious public health problem worldwide. Prevalence of dental caries among school children has increased in both developed and developing countries since the last few decades. Objective: To determine the association of dental caries with socio demographic factors among Libyan school children aged 8-12 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Libyan primary schools in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Five hundred and seventy children aged 8-12 years participated. They were randomly selected using proportional stratified sampling method. Dental caries was assessed using the WHO (1987) criteria. Results: Response rate was 92.5%. The prevalence of dental caries was (55.8%), females have higher dental caries than males. Dental caries was found highly prevalent among; children their aged ≤10 years (64.7%), children whose father and mother have a job (58.5% and 58.7%) respectively, children whose father and mother have elementary level of education (69.6% and 61.0%) respectively. Chi square test showed significant association of dental caries with age group and father’s education level. Logistic regression analysis identified young age (OR=11.78, 95% Cl: 2.305 -26.276) was significant predictor of dental caries among children. Conclusions: Younger children are at higher risk of having dental caries in this study. Health education should be emphasized among younger Libyan school children

Oral hygiene habits and its association with dental caries among children aged 8-12 year in Libyan schools, Klang Valley, Malaysia

Background: Dental caries is a serious public health problem worldwide. Prevalence of dental caries among school children has increased in both developed and developing countries since the last few decades. The objective of this study was to determine the association of dental caries with oral hygiene habits among Libyan school children aged 8-12 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Libyan primary schools in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Five hundred and seventy children aged 8-12 years participated. They were randomly selected using proportional stratified sampling method. Dental caries was assessed using the WHO (1987) criteria. Results: Response rate was 92.5%. The prevalence of dental caries was (55.8%), females have higher dental caries than males. Dental caries was found highly prevalent among; children their aged 10 years (64.7%), children whose father and mother have a job (58.5% and 58.7%) respectively, children whose father and mother have elementary level of education (69.6% and 61.0%) respectively, children who have poor oral hygiene (99.0%). Chi square test showed significant association of dental caries with age group, father’s education level and oral hygiene habits. Logistic regression analysis identified young age (OR=0.085, 95% Cl: 0.017-0.434) and poor oral hygiene (OR=0.001, 95% Cl: 0.00-0.009) were significant predictors of dental caries among children. Conclusions: Prevalence of dental caries is associated with oral hygiene habits of children in this study. Health education on good oral hygiene habits should be emphasized among younger Libyan school children

EFFORTS TO REDUCE THE RISK OF DEFECTS OF MINICAB PRODUCTS TYPE MSM 2230 IN ASSEMBLING PROCESS WITH FAILURE MODE EFFECT AND ANALYSIS METHOD

Indospring Tbk, is a spring producer company of two types, namely leaf springs and coil springs. Based on the results of the data obtained from the assembling process at PT. Indospring, Tbk that there are still high defects or product incompatibility, especially Minicab type MSM 2230 with 290 types of defects for 3 months (January 2021 - March 2021) with a percentage of 18.59%. The purpose of this research is to find out the types of Minicab MSM 2230 defects in the assembly line process, to find out the factors that cause defects problems, to provide benefits as knowledge and considerations to improve quality by correcting the causes of product defects. In finding the cause of product defects and their impact using the Failure Mode Effect and Analysis (FMEA) method. During the period from January to March 2021, before repairing the average defect, koba defects 17.33, scratch 20, eye forming defects 4.33, half span NG 15.33, eccentricity out spec 2, taper NG 11.66, pieces NG, 18 .66, EF gap narrowed 0.66, crack 6.66. Based on Failure Mode Effect Analysis, scratch has the highest Risk Priority Number value, which is 324 with a value of 9 on severity, 6 on occurrence and 6 on detection. The results of brainstorming factors that cause defect scratch, namely the product testing process is often dragged down due to speeding up the production flow, during the after tempering process the operator is wrong in the arrangement on the rack / pallet, and it can also be that the material from the supplier is already scratched. So that the highest defect will be the main priority for immediate repairs. &nbsp

Predictors of oral hygiene practices among primary school children of Alzintan City, Libya

Background: Good oral health is essential for the well-being and development of young children. Preservation of good oral hygiene in children is important for the development of strong, healthy teeth and to decrease the possibility of dental caries. Oral health is maintained by regular eating and drinking, as well as daily mechanical and pharmacological cleaning of the mouth, for example, brushing teeth with fluoride toothpaste and flossing. The aim of the study is to determine oral hygiene practices among public primary school children in Al Zintan City, Libya. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in three public primary schools in Al Zintan City, Libya. A total of 100 school children aged 9-12 years old participated in the study. Random sampling method was used. Result: Response rate was 92%. There was 53.3% of respondents who had correct practices on oral hygiene, and 46.7% of respondents had incorrect practices on oral hygiene. It was observed that statistically significant association was found between oral hygiene practices and different age groups of respondents (P = 0.04). There was no significant association between oral hygiene practices and other socio demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). No statistically significant association regarding oral hygiene practices between children with high and low knowledge, good and bad dietary habits, positive and negative dental history (P > 0.05). Oral hygiene practices are significantly associated with attitude toward oral hygiene among primary school children of Al Zintan City, Libya (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Correct oral hygiene practices is better among school children of older age. In addition, school children whose father had higher education level have correct oral hygiene practices. Attitude towards oral hygiene is one of the important predictors of oral hygiene practices

Health belief model-based intervention on knowledge and practice of standard precautions among primary healthcare workers in a state of Malaysia

The Standard Precautions (SP), which consists of hand and respiratory hygiene, personal protection equipment, safe injection and others are crucial in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and occupational infections among healthcare workers (HCWs). HAIs have caused antimicrobial resistance, increase mortality and financial burden to the health organization. Europe has shown 40.8% compliance to SP while in Malaysia, only 50% of HCWs comply with SP. Health Belief Model (HBM)-based intervention was developed to promote behavioural change among HCWs. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HBM-based intervention module in improving knowledge and practice of SP among HCWs. This is a cluster randomized control trial involving 104 HCWs in the control group and 94 HCWs in the intervention group from eight health clinics in a state in Malaysia. The scores of knowledge and practice were computed using a self-administered questionnaire at pre-, immediate post- and 6-months post-intervention. The intervention group was given a one-day intervention course while the control group had received the same intervention after the study completed. Analysis showed that there was a significant difference in knowledge and practice scores between and within groups after adjusting for covariate and cluster effect (p<0.05). All HBM constructs also demonstrated significant improvement (p<0.05) between and within groups except for the perceived barrier (p=0.813 and p=0.931 respectively). The intervention module is effective in improving the knowledge and practice of SP among HCWs. Regular and periodic educational training incorporated with HBM is essential to promote behavioural change

A Validation Study of the Malay Version of the Job Stress Level Inventory

Job stress has been identified as one of the most widespread problems for many years. Hence, a validated and reliable instrument is very important for measuring the level of job stress among employees. About 210 secondary school teachers from 30 schools in Kota Bharu district participated in this study. The sample size was divided half into Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The instrument was answered by respondents by self-administered. Data was analyzed for EFA, CFA, internal consistency and convergent validity using STATA software version 14. The EFA resulted in reduction of items from 20 to 18, which comprised of 2 factors. Meanwhile, the CFA results exhibited that the data fitted the model very well with Chi square/df (1.488), CFI (0.944) and TLI (0.934) and RMSEA (0.069). The two factors of Job Stress Level Inventory were renamed as Job Performance and Intention to Withdraw. Overall JSLI produced very good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.93. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value of JSLI is 0.51 indicate that the convergent validity is met. Two factors produced by EFA consist of 17 items were named as Behavioural Symptom and Motivational Symptom that measuring the job stress level of employee. Job Stress Level Inventory was concluded to be a reliable and validated instrument in measuring the level of job stress among school teachers and also can be used to assess the job stress level of employee from other fields of work

Stress and its associated factors among medical students in a public medical faculty, Malaysia

Background: Stress is common among university students. Levels of stress vary between the students of different courses in the university and many factors are associated with it. As compared to other professional courses, medical students are more prone to get depressed because medical education is known to be stressful and very demanding. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire involving all medical students in academic session 2013/2014. The questionnaire consists of 3 parts; socio-demographic information, family factors and personal factors; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Score 21 questionnaire (DASS 21) and Duke University Religion Index (DUREL). DUREL measures religiosity in 3 scales namely; organized religious activity (ORA), non-organized religious activity (NORA) and intrinsic religiosity (IR). The questionnaire was distributed to all medical students available in FMHS during the data collection period. Data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. Result: Of 409 medical students, 329 (80.4%) responded. Most (50.5%) were aged 22 years and above, majority (62.3%) were female students. Respondents were mainly Malay (54.4%) and Muslims (56.8%). Stress prevalence in medical students were 19.8%. Stress prevalence was higher among students aged ≤ 21 years (22.1%), male (20.2%), Indian (24.0%) and Hindus (31.6%),among students with father of primary education level (21.4%), mother of tertiary education level (25%) and low income family (21.4%). Prevalence of stress among students in pre-clinical year (21.4%) and clinical year students (17.9%), p>0.05. Stress among students who did not undergo matriculation course and those who attended were 21.7% and 18.8%, respectively. Proportion of stress students who entered medical school not on their own choice and on their own choice were 24.3% and 18.5%, respectively, p>0.05. Medical students with poor ORA and NORA showed higher proportion of stress (20.2%, 20.6% respectively) however, students with good IR had higher proportion of stress compared to those with poor IR (20.0%, 19.5%, p>0.05). Conclusion: Stress is prevalent among almost one-fifth of medical students, especially those in their pre-clinical years of studies. Students’ involvement in religious activities could be beneficial to prevent stress. Further research is needed to assess the effect of medical training on stress and the effect of religiosity on stress coping

Perception of Unversity Utara Malaysia (UUM) community in replacing bus service with tram transport

The study discusses about the perception of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) Community with replacing the bus service with tram transport. The transportation system that efficiently and effectively is very important to develop and progress urban and rural area. A transport system plays a main factor to make the area can growth economically and socially.Students and university staff serve as a target to get a feedback from the questionnaire.The questionnaire related to knowledge of tram transport, bus transport satisfaction, and opinion about the replacing bus transport with tram transport.This study is divided into five chapters.The studies conducted starting with background research, and provides brief information about tram transport, followed by the problem statement, research scope, objectives and research questions, limitation of study, the important of study, literature review, research methodology, data analysis and interpretation, and the lastly is discussion and conclusions