Pengurusan konflik dalam kalangan atlet sukan berprestasi tinggi

Konflik merupakan suatu elemen dalam kehidupan manusia, sama ada dalaman atau luaran diri manusia tersebut.Ia tercetus disebabkan seseorang itu mempunyai kemahuan dan harapan yang sering bercanggah dengan orang lain.Ini juga boleh berlaku dalam bidang sukan.Sukan berprestasi tinggi adalah merujuk sukan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan ke peringkat antarabangsa. Walaubagaimanapun, sebelum atlet-atlet ini mencapai kejayaan dalam sukan yang mereka ceburi, lumrahnya mereka boleh terjebak dalam konflik diri secara individu atau secara berpasukan.Konflik yang sering dihadapi oleh atlet sukan berprestasi tinggi adalah tekanan.Tekanan atau stress adalah kehendak-kehendak fizikal, mental atau emosi yang boleh mengganggu tubuh badan serta memberi kesan ke atas kesejahteraan hidup manusia.Isu pengurusan konflik sangat penting dalam aspek persembahan atlet, kerana ini akan menentukan berjaya atau gagal atlet di medan pertandingan.Konflik menjadikan seseorang individu berfikiran lebih matang dan rasional dalam sebarang tindakan yang dilakukan.Oleh yang demikian, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan tentang pengurusan konflik dalam diri atlet sukan berprestasi tinggi dari segi pelbagai aspek dan sudut pandangan.Kajian-kajian yang pernah dijalankan membuktikan bahawa pengurusan konflik dalam kalangan atlet adalah penting kerana aspek ini turut menyumbang kepada kemenangan dan peningkatan keyakinan diri yang dapat mereka aplikasikan apabila menceburi alam pekerjaan.Cadangan kertas kerja ini mungkin dapat menyumbang kepada satu dasar kerajaan bagi menjamin kejayaan negara dalam bidang sukan di peringkat antarabangsa

Primary and Secondary School Students Perspective on Kolb-based STEM Module and Robotic Prototype

The aim of this paper is to assess students' perceptions of their competency and interests in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) throughout Malaysia. These perceptions are obtained during and after they were engaged in using a STEM module and building a robotic prototype that was in line with the STEM teachers' specification, and was conducted at the National Science Centre, Malaysia. This activity was undertaken because the target ratio for the number of students enrolling in STEM programs is not met. The developed STEM module is based on four stages of the learning cycle in Kolb's experiential learning theory. The stages are Concrete Experience, Reflective  Observation, Abstract Conceptualization, and Active Experimentation. These stages have five key educational activities which are watching videos, reading modules, assembling robotic components, drag and drop using blockly software and lastly playing a robotic game.  The key element of the activities is the utilisation of a robotic prototype as the main component in increasing the students’ interest in STEM via games. This module was evaluated in both qualitative and quantitative case studies of students to inform teachers’ perceptions of the developed modules and robotic prototypes. Data were collected through two training events at a science exhibition at the National Science Centre and taken from two distinct groups, namely primary and secondary school students in range 11 to 15 year old. The evaluation comprised of five areas which were interaction, engagement, challenge, competency and interest. The results show that developed module and robotic prototype based n teacher’s perception received positive response from the respondents. It can efficiently raise students’ interest in STEM that meets the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025.

Transesterification of palm oil for biodiesel production using ni / cao supported with alumina beads / Zainal Kifli Abdul Razak ... [et al].

Biodiesel has gained interest among researchers as an alternative fuel to replace fossil fuels due to its sustainability. Biodiesel can be produced by transesterification of plant oils with methanol using suitable catalysts. Recently, application of heterogeneous catalyst has attracted considerable interest in biodiesel production compared to homogenous catalyst due to their reproducibility. In this study, biodiesel was produced by transesterification of palm oil with methanol catalyzed by calcium oxide coated on alumina beads and doped with nickel. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum catalyst loading of the transesterification process. The catalyst was prepared by heating a mixture of calcium nitrate, nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate and alumina beads at 700°C. This temperature was selected after performing a thermogravimetric analysis on the calcium nitrate. In this study, the highest yield of 24.24% was obtained from transesterification reaction at optimum conditions of 5 hour reaction time, 1:25 oil-methanol molar ratio and 65°C of reaction temperature with 4 wt% of catalyst loading. Quantification and identification of biodiesel was done using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS

Effect of degradation by temperature onto nitrile rubber elastomer mechanical properties

One of the important aspects of ensuring safety for vehicle users is maintaining the best tire condition. This is due to the rubber elastomers in tires being able to be degraded by environmental factors such as heat, humidity, UV radiation, and others. This degradation of quality, in other words, "rubber aging,"will make the tire lose its traction performance as well as its safety. The aging behavior of an elastomer is complex as it involves various parameters, and it is needed to understand the relationships between these parameters to obtain the suitable formulation related to elastomer degradation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to observe the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of the selected elastomer, which is nitrile rubber (NBR). In this research, a set of aging chamber hardware is constructed to perform the accelerated aging process on nitrile rubber. Nitrile rubber (NBR) elastomer material is a type of polymer that is commonly used in various industrial applications. An aging chamber is designed and fabricated to model the aging phenomenon. The specimen is prepared using the ASTM D412 standard. As a result, at certain temperatures and aging length, aged nitrile rubber specimens face high pressure point failure and are prone to cracking. It can be proven that, the temperature can be considered as one of the aging factors of the elastomer, as heat is related to the chemical reaction of the NBR polymer chain degradation

Malaysian road traffic crash data: Where do we stand now

Statistically around the world, the number of people killed on the roads are approximately 1.3 million. A road traffic crash is not only a global pandemic that kills more than a million people per year but has also become a major public health concern in most countries, including Malaysia. With consistent standardized collection and management of data, these data will provide beneficial and accurate insight for trends monitoring future time series prediction and ultimately, reliable review of currently implemented programmes. In Malaysia, the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) involves primarily of collecting road crash data, along with the routine traffic management and enforcement activities. To complement that, Malaysia is amongst the very few countries in ASEAN which possess its own research-based road crash investigations. This is as the effort in evidence-based approach to tackle road safety issues. Inputs from the in-depth research-based investigation are reported to policymakers and relevant authorities/industries which significantly assist in the development of safety countermeasures. To manage the data is a challenging task especially when it involves multiple agencies with different focuses, requirements and countless bureaucracies. Nevertheless, future understanding and potential efforts in consolidating these data pools will further enhance the national crash database as well as open new dimensions of the Malaysian crash database