Complexes of Some Group(IV) Metal Halides with 5-Aminoindazole

The synthesis and characterisation of Sn(IV) halides, Ge(IV), Ti(IV) and Zr(IV) chloride complexes of the type MX4 : Li_ 2 with 5-aminoindazole has been made. The possible structure of these complexes has been proposed on the basis of elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The IR spectra suggest unidentate behaviour of the ligand involving pyrrole nitrogen in all the cases except the tin(IV) bromide complex, where the ligand exhibits its bidentate nature, involving the pyridyl nitrogen. An octahedral geometry has been proposed for all the complexes. In the case of MX4 :\u27L type complexes, except for SnBr4 : L, an octahedral halogen bridged structure has been proposed

Machine Learning Based Approach for Indoor Localization Using Ultra-Wide Bandwidth (UWB) System for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and the emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)s applications, high-precision Indoor Positioning Services (IPS) are urgently required. While the Global Positioning System (GPS) has been a key technology for outdoor localization, its limitation for indoor environments is well known. UltraWideBand (UWB) can help provide a very accurate position or localization for indoor harsh propagation environments. This paper focuses on improving the accuracy of the UWB indoor localization system including the Line-of-Sight (LoS) and NonLine-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions by developing a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm. In this paper, a Naive Bayes (NB) ML algorithm is developed for UWB IPS. The performance of the developed algorithm is evaluated by Receiving Operating Curves (ROC)s. The results indicate that by employing the NB based ML algorithm significantly improves the localization accuracy of the UWB system for both the LoS and NLoS environmen

Cancer Patterns in Karachi Division (1998-1999)

Objective: A minimal cancer incidence data for Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, is being presented here, for the years 1998-1999. The city has a population of 9,802,134; males 5,261,712 (52.6%) and females 4,540,422 (47.4%); census 19981. Methodology: A predominantly mixed (passive and active) registration system has evolved in Karachi, the data sources being the hospitals within the Karachi Division. The reported/retrieved cancer data sets at the Karachi Cancer Registry are checked, coded, computerised in an analytical format and analysed. Results: The incident cancer cases registered in Karachi, during the 2-year period, 1st January 1998 to 31st December 1999 were analysed. The age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) of cancer, all sites was 132.4/100,000 for the males. Cancer of the lung 10.8%; ASR 17.3 was the most frequently recorded malignancy, followed by oral cavity 10.5%; ASR 13.2 and larynx 5.0%; ASR 7.4. The age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) of cancer, all sites was 133.0/100,000 in the females. Cancer of the breast, 32.0%; ASR 40.7 was the most frequently recorded malignancy, followed by oral cavity 8.1%; ASR 11.7 and gall bladder 3.6%; ASR 5.5. Conclusion: The present data has been calculated with an estimated 15-20% probable under ascertainment. Tobacco-associated cancers in Karachi were responsible for 38.3% of the tumours diagnosed amongst the males. Two principal cancers, breast and oral cavity were responsible for 40.1% of the cancers in females. A rare finding was the high incidence of gall bladder cancer in the females. At present it is difficult to determine whether this indicates a genuine high risk or a selection bias. A continuous process of cancer registration to study the trends in the incidence and an adequate cancer control program are possible and essential for Pakistan and can be based on the pattern being practiced in Karachi

Validity of neonatal jaundice evaluation by primary health-care workers and physicians in Karachi, Pakistan

Objective: The Purpose of this study was to validate primary health-care workers\u27 and physicians\u27 visual assessment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: We compared primary health-care workers\u27 and physicians\u27 clinical identification of jaundice in infants = 15 mg per 100 ml (260 mu mol l(-1)) with 83.3% sensitivity and 50.5% specificity, neonates aged 1 to 6 days were identified with 76.2% sensitivity and 60.7% specificity. Physicians identified neonates aged 1 to 20 days with hyperbilirubimemia \u3e= 15 mg per 100 ml (260 mmol l(-1)) with 51.4% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity, and neonates aged 1 to 6 days with 50% sensitivity and 88.5 % specificity. The primary health-care workers\u27 and physicians\u27 assessments showed fair interobserver agreement (k statistic 0.29). Conclusion: Primary health-care workers identified hyperbilirubinemic neonates with adequate sensitivity. With proper training and supervision, their assessment could improve the referral of hyperbilirubinemic neonates in low-resource settings in the developing world

AGC 226067: A possible interacting low-mass system

We present Arecibo, GBT, VLA and WIYN/pODI observations of the ALFALFA source AGC 226067. Originally identified as an ultra-compact high velocity cloud and candidate Local Group galaxy, AGC 226067 is spatially and kinematically coincident with the Virgo cluster, and the identification by multiple groups of an optical counterpart with no resolved stars supports the interpretation that this systems lies at the Virgo distance (D=17 Mpc). The combined observations reveal that the system consists of multiple components: a central HI source associated with the optical counterpart (AGC 226067), a smaller HI-only component (AGC 229490), a second optical component (AGC 229491), and extended low surface brightness HI. Only ~1/4 of the single-dish HI emission is associated with AGC 226067; as a result, we find M_HI/L_g ~ 6 Msun/Lsun, which is lower than previous work. At D=17 Mpc, AGC 226067 has an HI mass of 1.5 x 10^7 Msun and L_g = 2.4 x 10^6 Lsun, AGC 229490 (the HI-only component) has M_HI = 3.6 x 10^6 Msun, and AGC 229491 (the second optical component) has L_g = 3.6 x 10^5 Lsun. The nature of this system of three sources is uncertain: AGC 226067 and AGC 229490 may be connected by an HI bridge, and AGC 229490 and AGC 229491 are separated by only 0.5'. The current data do not resolve the HI in AGC 229490 and its origin is unclear. We discuss possible scenarios for this system of objects: an interacting system of dwarf galaxies, accretion of material onto AGC 226067, or stripping of material from AGC 226067.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 6 pages, 4 figure

A study of frequency and pulses for stepper motor controller system by using programmable logic controller

The stepper motor movement process produced different frequency and pulses. This research explained about the frequency and pulses for the stepper motor movement by using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as research method. The study was done to find the suitable frequency and pulses for stepper motor movement by developing a prototype stepper motor controller system. The pulse frequency used did not affected the distance of moving load in the stepper motor operations. The increasing number of pulse frequency only will affect the time taken for the stepper motor to complete its operations. The result showed that number of pulse frequency at high operation was 5000 Hz. Pulse number reacted as a manipulated variable that affected both factor which is time taken of stepper motor operation and the distance of moving load

Distinction between the Poole-Frenkel and tunneling models of electric field-stimulated carrier emission from deep levels in semiconductors

The enhancement of the emission rate of charge carriers from deep-level defects in electric field is routinely used to determine the charge state of the defects. However, only a limited number of defects can be satisfactorily described by the Poole-Frenkel theory. An electric field dependence different from that expected from the Poole-Frenkel theory has been repeatedly reported in the literature, and no unambiguous identification of the charge state of the defect could be made. In this article, the electric field dependencies of emission of carriers from DX centers in AlxGa1-xAs:Te, Cu pairs in silicon, and Ge:Hg have been studied applying static and terahertz electric fields, and analyzed by using the models of Poole-Frenkel and phonon assisted tunneling. It is shown that phonon assisted tunneling and Poole-Frenkel emission are two competitive mechanisms of enhancement of emission of carriers, and their relative contribution is determined by the charge state of the defect and by the electric-field strength. At high-electric field strengths carrier emission is dominated by tunneling independently of the charge state of the impurity. For neutral impurities, where Poole-Frenkel lowering of the emission barrier does not occur, the phonon assisted tunneling model describes well the experimental data also in the low-field region. For charged impurities the transition from phonon assisted tunneling at high fields to Poole-Frenkel effect at low fields can be traced back. It is suggested that the Poole-Frenkel and tunneling models can be distinguished by plotting logarithm of the emission rate against the square root or against the square of the electric field, respectively. This analysis enables one to unambiguously determine the charge state of a deep-level defect

Abnormal ECG Findings in Athletes: Clinical Evaluation and Considerations.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation with electrocardiography is normal practice for most sporting bodies. Awareness about sudden cardiac death in athletes and recognizing how screening can help identify vulnerable athletes have empowered different sporting disciplines to invest in the wellbeing of their athletes. RECENT FINDINGS: Discerning physiological electrical alterations due to athletic training from those representing cardiac pathology may be challenging. The mode of investigation of affected athletes is dependent on the electrical anomaly and the disease(s) in question. This review will highlight specific pathological ECG patterns that warrant assessment and surveillance, together with an in-depth review of the recommended algorithm for evaluation

Novel geometrical concept of a high-performance brain PET scanner. Principle, design and performance estimates

We present the principle, a possible implementation and performance estimates of a novel geometrical concept for a high-resolution positron emission tomograph. The concept, which can be for example implemented in a brain PET device, promises to lead to an essentially parallax-free 3D image reconstruction with excellent spatial resolution and constrast, uniform over the complete field of view. The key components are matrices of long axially oriented scintillator crystals which are read out at both extremities by segmented Hybrid Photon Detectors. We discuss the relevant design considerations for a 3D axial PET camera module, motivate parameter and material choices, and estimate its performance in terms of spatial and energy resolution. We support these estimates by Monte Carlo simulations and in some cases by first experimental results. From the performance of a camera module, we extrapolate to the reconstruction resolution of a 3D axial PET scanner in a semi-analytical way and compare it to an existing state-of-the art brain PET device. We finally describe a dedicated data acquisition system, capable to fully exploit the advantages of the proposed concept. We conclude that the proposed 3D axial concept and the discussed implementation is a competitive approach for high-resolution brain PET. Excellent energy resolution and Compton enhanced sensitivity are expected to lead to high-quality reconstruction and reduced scanning times