Framework for pedestrian walking behaviour recognition to minimize road accident

Pedestrian walking misbehaviour represents a severe problem to road safety. Therefore, pedestrian behaviour classification is a perfect solution in providing safety for both pedestrians and vehicles by exchanging movement information among entities via wireless communication. However, wireless communication has critical issues with network failure, and these issues significantly affect the communication system. Thus, the framework involved two modules for pedestrian walking behaviour classification in a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) context is proposed. In the methodology, this study discloses five useful stages. Firstly, mobile phone users' irregular walking behaviour is investigated using a questionnaire to determine their options on mobile usage in the street. Secondly, four different testing scenarios are chosen to acquire pedestrian walking data using the gyroscope sensor, where the essential features were extracted and selected. Thirdly, the pedestrian's behaviour is recognized using grid optimizer in machine learning. Fourthly, four standard vectors for pedestrian walking behaviour are developed. Fifthly, the performance of the proposed classification methods is validated and evaluated against multiple scenarios and features. Two sets of real-time data are presented in this work. The first one is related to the questionnaire data, consisting of 262 respondent samples, while the second set has 263 samples of pedestrian walking signals. The results indicate the following: (1) From 262 samples, 66.80% and 48.10% of respondents use mobile phones for calling and chatting, respectively. (2) 263 samples of participants are obtained and analysed, and 90 features are extracted from each sample. (3) 100% classification accuracy are obtained for each class (normal walking, calling, chatting, and running) using the grid optimiser method in machine learning. (4) The precision of classification using Euclidean algorithm for normal walking and calling is 70%. In contrast, for chatting and running behaviour, the accuracy is 100% and 80%, respectively. This study's implication serves the safety system in the V2P context by programming the proposed framework as an application in smartphones for exchanging pedestrian information to the vehicles for avoiding accidents

Empirical likelihood test in a posteriori change-point nonlinear model

In this paper, in order to test whether changes have occurred in a nonlinear parametric regression, we propose a nonparametric method based on the empirical likelihood. Firstly, we test the null hypothesis of no-change against the alternative of one change in the regression parameters. Under null hypothesis, the consistency and the convergence rate of the regression parameter estimators are proved. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is obtained, which allows to find the asymptotic critical value. On the other hand, we prove that the proposed test statistic has the asymptotic power equal to 1. These theoretical results allows find a simple test statistic, very useful for applications. The epidemic model, a particular model with two change-points under the alternative hypothesis, is also studied. Numerical studies by Monte-Carlo simulations show the performance of the proposed test statistic, compared to an existing method in literature

Empirical likelihood test for high-dimensional two-sample model

A non parametric method based on the empirical likelihood is proposed for detecting the change in the coefficients of high-dimensional linear model where the number of model variables may increase as the sample size increases. This amounts to testing the null hypothesis of no change against the alternative of one change in the regression coefficients. Based on the theoretical asymptotic behaviour of the empirical likelihood ratio statistic, we propose, for a fixed design, a simpler test statistic, easier to use in practice. The asymptotic normality of the proposed test statistic under the null hypothesis is proved, a result which is different from the $\chi^2$ law for a model with a fixed variable number. Under alternative hypothesis, the test statistic diverges. We can then find the asymptotic confidence region for the difference of parameters of the two phases. Some Monte-Carlo simulations study the behaviour of the proposed test statistic

Conceptual Model for Communication

A variety of idealized models of communication systems exist, and all may have something in common. Starting with Shannons communication model and ending with the OSI model, this paper presents progressively more advanced forms of modeling of communication systems by tying communication models together based on the notion of flow. The basic communication process is divided into different spheres (sources, channels, and destinations), each with its own five interior stages, receiving, processing, creating, releasing, and transferring of information. The flow of information is ontologically distinguished from the flow of physical signals, accordingly, Shannons model, network based OSI models, and TCP IP are redesigned.Comment: 13 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS November 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis

Value co-creation in corporate event industry : Identifying clients’ value propositions

This study discusses the importance of value co-creation in corporate event industry in Finland. The purpose of this study is to identify how event service providers in the corporate event industry co-create value with their clients with two sub-objectives: to understand the role of event providers by investigating to what extent they can affect the value creation and to scrutinize how interaction between event providers and clients create value in corporate event industry. The theoretical background of the study consists of literature relating to the concepts of value creation and value co-creation by looking at the characteristics of events as a service and the characteristics of value. This study adapts the qualitative research approach enabling to profoundly explore the phenomenon and expand the current understanding of corporate events and value co-creation. The empirical research conducted for this study is based on semi-structured interviews. The interview data was collected between November 2019 and January 2020. In total, seven interviews were conducted: three with representatives of startup companies, two with large companies and two with governmental organizations. This study finds that close relationship and collaboration between event providers and clients is crucial for ensuring the successfulness of a corporate event. It was also concluded that the outcomes of a successful and valuable event for clients are new customer acquisition, number of leads, the value of completed trade and number of new connections. The findings of this research emphasize the importance of the event provider’s knowledge about clients’ businesses in order to maximize the efficiency and to better leverage benefits of the corporate event and to ensure proper service for the clients to meet their goals. The findings of this study enhance understanding of the concept of buyer-seller relationship. Thus, this study provides important managerial implications, enabling corporate event providers to identify the essential characteristics in order to create value for their clients, as well as provides suggestions for future academic research.Tämä tutkimus käsittelee arvon yhteisluonnin merkitystä yritystapahtuma-alalla Suomessa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tunnistaa, kuinka yritystapahtumatoimialan palveluntarjoajat luovat arvoa yhdessä asiakkaidensa kanssa. Lisäksi tutkimukselle asetettiin kaksi alatavoitetta. Ensimmäinen tavoite on ymmärtää tapahtumatoimittajien rooli yritystapahtumien lisäarvon tuottajana. Toinen tavoite on selvittää kuinka paljon tapahtumatoimittajat voivat vaikuttaa lisäarvon luomiseen, sekä tarkastella tapahtumatoimittajien ja heidän asiakkaidensa välisestä vuorovaikutuksesta syntyvää lisäarvoa yritystapahtuma-alalla. Tutkimuksen tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi tutkittiin arvonluonnin ja arvon yhteisluonnin käsitteisiin liittyviä kirjallisuuksia tarkastelemalla tapahtumien ominaisuuksia palveluna sekä arvon ominaispiirteitä. Haastatteluaineiston jäsentämisessä hyödynnettiin laadullista tutkimusmenetelmää, jonka avulla voidaan tutkia syvällisesti ilmiötä ja laajentaa nykyistä ymmärrystä yritystapahtumista ja arvonluonnista. Tutkielmaa varten toteutettiin empiirinen tutkimus, joka perustuu puolistrukturoituihin haastatteluihin. Haastatteluja tehtiin marraskuun 2019 ja tammikuun 2020 välisenä aikana yhteensä seitsemän: kolme startup-yritysten, kaksi suuryritysten ja kaksi valtionhallinnon organisaation edustajien kanssa. Tämä tutkimus osoittaa, että tehokas yhteistyö tapahtumatoimittajien ja asiakkaiden välillä on välttämätöntä yritystapahtuman onnistumisen varmistamiseksi. Lisäksi, onnistuneen ja asiakkaille arvokkaan tapahtuman tuloksia ovat uusasiakashankinta, potentiaalisten asiakkaiden lukumäärä, toteutuneen kaupan arvo ja uusien yhteyksien määrä. Tutkimustulokset korostavat tapahtumatoimittajien tietämyksen merkitystä yritysasiakkaidensa liiketoiminnasta, jotta yritystapahtumien tehokkuutta voidaan maksimoida ja hyödyntää paremmin sekä varmistaa yritysasiakkaille asianmukaisen palvelun tavoitteidensa saavuttamiseksi. Tutkimuksen tulokset auttavat ymmärtämään ostajan ja myyjän välisen suhteen käsitettä yritystapahtuma-alalla. Tutkimus tarjoaa tärkeitä johtopäätöksiä, joiden avulla yritystapahtumien tarjoajat voivat tunnistaa ne erityispiirteet, jotka vaikuttavat arvon yhteisluontiin sekä ymmärtämään kuinka arvon yhteisluonti tapahtuu. Tutkimuksen lopuksi tarjotaan myös ehdotuksia tulevaisuuden akateemiselle tutkimukselle

Real structures on primary Hopf surfaces

The first goal of this article is to give a complete classification (up to Real biholomorphisms) of Real primary Hopf surfaces $(H,s)$, and, for any such pair, to describe in detail the following naturally associated objects : the group $\mathrm{Aut}_h(H,s)$ of Real automorphisms, the Real Picard group $(\mathrm{Pic}(H),\hat s^*)$, and the Picard group of Real holomorphic line bundles $\mathrm{Pic}_{\mathbb{R}}(H)$. Our second goal: the classification of Real primary Hopf surfaces up to equivariant diffeomorphisms, which will allow us to describe explicitly in each case the real locus $H(\mathbb{R})=H^s$ and the quotient $H/\langle s\rangle$

Engineering Sciences Vol. 30, No. 2, 2022‎

العلوم الهندسيهEngineering Science

Cement Percent Effect on the Shear and Interface Strength of Remolded Cement Treated Sand

This research aims to simulate the behavior of remolded cement treated poorly graded sand in term of shear and interface strength using the direct shear test. Different percentages of cement up to 15% by weight are added to the soil samples. Compacted cement treated soil samples are prepared at the optimum moisture content and left for 28 days in the humidity room then distributed to use them for the remolding samples preparation. The shear strength parameters for both cases soil to soil interface and concrete to soil interface are predicted, where the results show that the interface strength parameters are higher than the shear strength parameters of the remolded soil samples. The increase in cement percent increases the cohesion (C) of the treated soil, whereas the interface cohesion (Cint.) has a maximum value at 10% of added cement, and the maximum percent between cohesion (Cint.) and soil cohesion (C) is of 76.2% at 0% added cement. Moreover, the results show an increase in the interface angle of friction (δ) and a decrease in the angle of friction (φ) as the percent of cement increases. The maximum percent between interface angle (δ) and angle of friction (φ) is 63.5% at 15% of the added cement. The hardened cement in the remolded case adheres to sand grains and works as soil grains with different sizes that lead to changes in the shear properties of the soil

Table of Content Vol. 26, No. 6, 2018.

جدول المحتويات Table of Conten