Disperse dyeing and antibacterial properties of nylon and wool fibers using two novel nanosized copper(II) complexes bearing phosphoramide

Disperse dyeing of nylon and wool fibers with two new nanosized copper(II) complexes including phosphoric triamide ligands with formula Cu(NO3)2L2 (1) and Cu(CH3COO)2L2 (2) where L = 4-NO2C6H4NHP(O)(NC4H8O)2 (A) was performed successfully. Both complexes 1 and 2 produced yellow and green colored nylon and wool fabrics, respectively. The complexes were synthesized by ultrasonic method and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, Fourier-transform infrared, photoluminescence, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field-emission microscopy and elemental analysis. The FE-SEM micrographs revealed that the nanoparticles of these compounds are spherical in morphology and ∼17–20 nm in size. Very appropriate washfastness while poor lightfastness results were deduced for the dyed fibers. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the dyes 1, 2 and dyed wool/nylon fibers against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacterium illustrated increasing in the antibacterial effect by increasing the dye concentration from 0.1% to 0.5% o.w.f. on both wool and nylon dyed fibers

A New Mutation Causing Severe Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease Responsive to Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Pompe disease (PD), also known as “glycogen storage disease type II (OMIM # 232300)” is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive glycogen accumulation in cellular lysosomes. It ultimately leads to cellular damage. Infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) is the most severe type of this disease and is characterized by severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and generalized hypotonia. Mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) gene, located at locus 17q25.3, are responsible for the disease leading to reduced activity of the acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme. To date, approximately 400 pathogenic mutations have been reported in the GAA gene. The aim of this study is to report a novel nonsense mutation in exon 4 of the GAA gene in an Iranian child suffering from IOPD. The patient was a female neonate with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a positive family history of IOPD. After definite diagnosis, enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) was started for the patient, who was 2 months old. Now at the age of 20 months, she has had good growth and development and her echocardiographic parameters are within the normal range. This report shows that IOPD patients with this mutation can be treated with ERT successfully

Cost analysis of childhood asthma in Iran: A cost evaluation based on referral center data for asthma and allergies

Objective: Asthma as the most common chronic disease in childhood reduces the quality of life of children and their families. We aimed to estimate the cost of managing childhood asthma in Iran and to examine its variability depending on asthma severity. Methods: The cost of asthma was estimated by building a cost assessment model regarding the factors that influence the cost of asthma in children including age and sex distribution, prevalence of disease severity, level of resource utilization depending on disease severity (3 groups of controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled were defined). The model was comprised of both medical (cost of medication, physician visit and respiratory tests) and non-medical (transportation and hoteling) costs. Furthermore, the average family income in each category was figured and the share of asthma managing costs from the average income was calculated in different groups. Findings: According to model, the total cost of childhood asthma in Iran was around 516.5 million dollars. Moreover, direct medical cost represented 49% of the total costs, among which 66% accounting for medication cost. Direct non-medical costs were estimated 51% with the majority (93%) expended on transportation. In addition, the mean annual cost per child was approximately 466 dollars. In addition, the results indicate the vast majority of patients (46%) are categorized in the uncontrolled group. Conclusion: The cost of childhood asthma in Iran is extremely high comparing to the average income of Iranian families in all categories of asthma severity. Considering the high amount of transportation cost, the accessibility of asthma treatment does not appear to be acceptable. The major source of costs is found to be related to medicine expenditure. Since it has been proven that using medicine does not necessarily result in a well-controlled disease status, alternative approaches should be considered in asthma management

Effects of Different Times of Glutaraldehyde 2% on Bacillus subtilis Spores (In Vitro)

Background: Due to the importance of disinfectant and sterilization of dental instruments, in total, 14%–28% of dentists, 13% of assistants, and 17% of healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subjected to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and more than 200 healthcare providers (HCPs) pass away annually in the United States from HBV infection catched from their work place. Objective: This study examined the effects of glutaraldehyde 2% on Bacillus subtilis spores in the Surgery and Microbiology Department of the Dental Branch of Islamic Azad University. Methods: This experimental research evaluated a total of 58 samples, one called first evidence (pure glutaraldehyde not exposed to spore suspension), one called second evidence (spore suspension not exposed to glutaraldehyde), and 40 samples including a suspension with a normal turbidity of 1×108 CFU/mL according to 0.5 McFarland with exposure to glutaraldehyde 2%. Experiments were done in time intervals of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 60 minutes with 8 repeats. In all times, a B. subtilis spore suspension was used as evidence and also as a case. Results: This research was done on 58 samples. The results showed that in the 10th minute there were 102 colonies, 18.6 ± 3.4 in the 15th minute, 6.2 ± 1.4 in the 20th minute, 2.1 ± 0.8 in the 25th minute, and no colonies after 30 minutes. In an overall observation, it was seen that there were more colonies in the first 10 minutes, and from 15 to 20 minutes, this amount significantly decreased; after 30 minutes in each 8 repeats, the growth of colonies had stopped completely, while in the evidence samples, B. subtilis spores grew. Conclusion: It seems that the density of 2% glutaraldehyde in 30 minutes time was enough to destroy the spores of B. subtilis

Restoration of morphine-induced alterations in rat submandibular gland function by N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist

The effects of morphine, 1-aminocyclobutane-cis-1,3-dicarboxylic (ACBD; NMDA agonist) and 3-((R)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphoric acid (CPP; NMDA antagonist) and their concurrent therapy on rat submandibular secretory function were studied. Pure submandibular saliva was collected intraorally by micro polyethylene cannula from anaesthetized rats using pilocarpine as secretagogue. Intraperitoneal injection of morphine (6 mg/kg) induced significant inhibition of salivary flow rate, total protein, calcium, and TGF-b1 concentrations. Administration of ACBD (10 mg/kg) and CPP (10 mg/kg) alone did not influence secretion of submandibular glands. In combination therapy, coadministration of CPP with morphine did not influence morphine-induced changes in salivary function while ABCD could restore all morphine-induced changes. In combination treatment, ACBD prevented morphine-induced reduction of flow rate, total protein, calcium, and TGF- b1 and reached control levels. It is concluded that morphine-induced alterations in submandibular gland function are mediated through NMDA receptors