Salt-induced changes in germination and vegetative stages of Anethum graveolens L.

The aim of this experiment was to determine the response of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) to salt stress during germination and vegetative stages. In the first stage, response of dill seeds germination to levels of salinity (0, 50, 75 and 100 mM) was investigated. In the second stage, influence of salt stress on physiological and biochemical parameters in dill seedlings were investigated. Results showed germination rate and percentage, radical, plumule length and dry weight decreased significantly with the increase of salinity levels. Effect of salt stress on amount of chlorophyll a, b and total was significant. Results indicated that, amount of proline, total soluble carbohydrates and proteins and catalase (CAT) activity in shoots and roots significantly increased with the increase of salinity. These results showed that dill maintained higher carbohydrates, proteins, proline and activity of CAT under salt stress and these traits could have partially to its salt tolerance

CHRONIC LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA DIAGNOSED BY PRIMARY CUTANEOUS LESION

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant, low-grade, monoclonal disorder characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes with variable clinical features. Cutaneous manifestations or leukemia cutis are non-specific, uncommon presentations of CLL and can present in many different ways. In this case report, we discuss a 76-year-old male who presented with skin lesions of the lower limbs and severe itching. Due to the lack of response to the treatment with topical corticosteroids, initial tests were carried out. Complete blood count results indicated lymphocytosis. Eventually Ultimately, the skin lesions led to the diagnosis of CLL. The patient was treated with bendamustine-rituximab (BR). After receiving the treatment, all cutaneous manifestations and generalized itching disappeared. This case highlights the importance of comparing similar cases of CLL presented with dermatological conditions in order to to understand proper management and practice

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Comparison of depression between kidney transplant recipients from live donors with cadavers in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

AbstractBackground & aim:  Kidney transplant surgery may impact various aspects of the life and results in individual and psychological problems. Receiving a kidney from a cadaver donor is associated with beliefs related to death of donor and with recipient’s survival. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of depression in patients receiving kidney from living donors with cadaveric donor kidney transplant ,patients that were referred to nephrology clinics in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2010.Materials & methods:  A descriptive – comparative design was used. The sample of the study consisted of 60 patients receiving kidney from living donors and 60 cadaveric kidney transplantation attended to nephrology clinics in hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire and Beck depression Inventory. The reliability of this test was evaluated with test-retest and Pearson correlation test was 0. 95. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 13).Finding:  Depression scores in living kidney transplantation group were 11. 6±5. 7 , and in the cadaveric group was 16. 4±9. 4. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between two groups scores of depression (P<0. 005).Conclusion:  The results showed a higher depression scores in kidney transplantation from cadaveric donors. Therefore it is recommended that efforts to detect and treat depression be included in the care of transplant patients before and after the surgery..Key words: Kidney transplant, Cadaver, Live donors, Depression REFERENCES Akman B et al (2004) Depression levels before and after renal transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 36(1) 111-113 Anvar-Abnavi M, Bazargani Z) 2010(Prevalence of anxiety and depression in Iranian kidney transplant recipients. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 15(4) 254-7. Arapaslan B, et al(2004) Cross-sectional assessment of psychiatric disorders in renal transplantation patients   in Turkey: A preliminary study. Transplantation Proceedings. 36(5) 1419_1421. Baines LS, et al (2002) Emotional issues after kidney transplantation: A prospective psychotherapeutic study.       Clinical Transplantation, 16(6)455-460   Bakhshaei N & et al (2003) [Relationship between perceived social support and life stressful events with depression]. Andeeshe va Raftar. 9(2)49-55(Persian). Corruble E et al (2010) Progressive increase of anxiety and depression in patients waiting for a kidney t   /  45 م ی ی   ransplantation, Behavioral Medicine. 36(1) 32-36 . Di Martini A et al (2008) Psychiatric aspect of organ transplantation in critical care. Critical Care Clinics. 24(4) 949-969 . Dublse F et al (2008) Depression disorder in renal transplantation: An analysis of Medicare cliams, American   Journal of kidney Disease. 51(5) 713-874 Fortinash K,Holoday Worret P(2008). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. 4th ed. Mosby,Elsevier.     Ghafari A (2008) “Tehran two-day seminar on kidney transplant “, Special Medical Engineering Magazine, No. 92, December 87, p. 36. [Persian]. Heisler J “Coping After A Life Saving Organ Transplant” February 14, 2009, [on line],www. About. com. [3 septamber 2010]. Karaminia R, et al (2007) Anxiety and depression:A comparison between renal transplant recipients and   hemodialysis patients. Transplantation proceeding, 39(6)1082-1084.   Masoudi Alavi N, Sharifi Kh, Ali Akbarzadeh Z (2008) [Depression and anxiety in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy in the years 1385 to 1386 in Kashan]. Faiz Journal. 12(4) 46-51. (Persian). Molahadi M,Tayebi A, Ebadi A, Daneshmandi M (2010)[ A Comparative study of anxiety, depression and stress in hemodialysis and kidney transplantation patients]. Iranian Journal of Critical Care Nursing   (IJCCN) 2(4) 9-10. (Persian). Nickel R, Wunsch A, Egleut , et al (2002) The relevance of anxiety , depression , and coping after liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation. 8(1)63-71.   Novak M (2010),»Depressive symptoms and mortality in patients after kidney transplantation ”, April 21,2010,       [on line], < http://www. psychosomaticmedicine. org/misc/terms. shtml>. [January 24, 2010] Pascazio L et al, (2010) Anxiety, depression and emotional profile in renal transplant recipients and healthy subjects: A comparative study. Transplantation Proceedings. 42(9) 3586-3590   Pawar A et al «Cognitive and emotional effects of renal transplantation»,1 January 2006, [on line] < http://www. highbeam. com/ /doc/1G1-162575248. html>. [3 Apr 2010].   Perez S-G et al (2008) Influence of the psychological state of relatives on the quality of life ofpatients at 1 year       after transplantation. Transplantation Proceeding. 40(9)3109-11.   Rezaei R et al (2009)[ Comparison of body image in hemodialysis patients with kidney transplant patients].   payesh Quarterly . 8(3) 279-287. (Persian). Sayin A et al (2007) Quality of life in hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation patients. Transplantation Proceeding. 39(10) 3047-3053.   Shah VS, et at (2006) Qualify of life and psychosocial factors in renal transplant Recipients. Transplantation Proceedings. 38(5) 1283-1285.     Sugawara H et al (2008) Paradoxical depression in renal transplant recipient. Transplantation Proceeding.   40(10) 3448-3450.   Szeifert L et al(2010) Symptoms of depression in kidney transplantations: A cross-sectional study. American   Journal of Kidney Diseases (AJKD). 55(1)132-140.   Toimamueang U et al (2003) Stress and coping strategies among renal transplant candidates in a stress and   coping strategies among renal transplant candidates in a Thai medical center. Transplant Proceedings. 35(1) 292-3. Virzi A, et al (2007) Depression and quality of life in living related renal transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 39(6) 1791-1793.     Weng LC, et al (2006) Effects of self-efficacy, self-care behaviors on depressive symptom of Taiwanese kidney   transplant recipients. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(13) 1786-1794.  

Perceived parenting styles and primary attachment styles of single and children living with both parents

Objective: The study investigates the association between perceived primary parenting styles and attachment styles between single parent children and children living with both parents. Methods: A correlational research study was carried out on a sample of 200 children, 100single parent children (Boys=50; Girls=50) taken from single parent families living in child protection and welfare bureau and 100 children living with both parents (Boys=50; Girls=50) enrolled in different grades taken from a private school of Lahore, through purposive sampling strategy. The study was carried out at Lahore Garrison University from September 2017 to march 2017.After obtaining permission from authorities, children were given Parental Authority Questionnaireand the Urdu version of Inventory of Parental and Peer attachment. Results:The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between permissive parenting styles with mother’scommunication (*p<.05); authoritarian parenting style has negative correlation with parental communication, and trust(***p<.001). Authoritative parenting has significant positive relationship with trust (***p<.001), and communication with parents (***p<.001), negative relationship between authoritative parenting with feeling alienated from parents (*p<.01). The resultsof t-test also revealed that single parent children perceive their parents as authoritarian (***p<.001) and had more alienated attachment with parents (***p<.001), whereas children living with both parents had more trust (***p<.001) and had better communication with their parents (***p<.001). Conclusion: Current research is insightful in understanding the role of parents and different parenting styles in building up strong parent child attachment. Continuous..

Biodiversity, Endemism and Conservation Status of Plant Species in the Palang-Dareh Protected Area, Qom Province

Introduction: Plants play a key role in the balance of ecosystems and therefore are vital for the sustainability of the environment. Any knowledge about the plant species of a region is considered the basic principle for other research and can be a starting point for future supplementary studies. Biodiversity is one of the important aspects of life, especially considering the climate and land use. Destruction of the environment and natural resources has caused the extinction of plant and animal species and consequently, the reduction of biodiversity in the world. Given that today humans are facing numerous environmental issues and threats to biodiversity, the best way to save biodiversity and understand its values is to continuously evaluate and monitor natural habitats. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing plant biodiversity in the Plang-Dareh protected area in Qom province, as well as determining the endemism and conservation status of plant species in the area. The results obtained from this research can be used to explain the role of protected areas in the preservation and maintenance of genetic resources, environmental health and the development of appropriate management-protection plans.Materials and Methods: Palang-Dareh protected area is located southwest of Qom province. In order to make a contribution to the flora of the region during periodic visits, plant samples were collected in the growing seasons for two consecutive years. Any information about collected samples was noted, and the samples were pressed and dried. Plant species were identified using relevant Floras. In addition to determining the endemic and conservation status of plant species, the life form of plants was determined based on the Raunkier method and the chorology of plant species in the study area was determined using Zohari and Leonard classification. In order to evaluate the biodiversity of vegetation along an altitude gradient, the height (a.s.l.) in the study area was divided into three zones (1600-1900, 1300-2200, 1600-1900 meters). Systematic-random sampling was done from different altitude zone of the study area and biodiversity indices were calculated.Results: Based on our results there are 171 plant species belonging to 126 genera and 46 families in the studied area. The family Asteraceae is the richest plant family in Palang-Dareh. In terms of life form, 45% of the species belong to hemicryptophytes and 22% to therophytes. The chorology of the species showed that more than 65% of the flora of the Palang-Dareh protected area belong to the Irano-Turanian chorotype and 12% belong to the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean phytogeographical regions. 15% of the identified species are endemic to Iran and some plants are on the list of vulnerable or endangered species. The evaluation of biodiversity indices in different altitude zones revealed that the species diversity and species richness indices have reached their maximum in the intermediate altitude zone and the species diversity decreases with increasing altitude.Discussion: Having comprehensive knowledge about the vegetation of an area is an essential and the first step in solving ecological issues such as biodiversity conservation, natural resources management and, assessment of environmental conditions. The dominance of a dry climate as well as over-grazing and unauthorized human activities have led to the high prevalence of certain plant species (known as indicators of destruction) and also therophytes in the studied area. Enjoying diverse vegetation and suitable natural habitats, protected areas have an essential role in biodiversity conservation. Based on our results some endemic plants of the area have vulnerable or endangered conservation status so that, more precise conservation plans should be put on the agenda

Effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin‐2 gene expression and Nesfatin‐1 concentration:A rapid review

The aim of this rapid review is to examine the research evidence that presents the effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin‐2 (NUCB2) gene expression and Nesfatin‐1 concentration. Five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies from the earliest available date to August 2023. In human studies, Nesfatin‐1 concentration either remains unchanged or increases after exercise training. It appears that higher exercise intensity and longer duration of training accentuate the increase of blood Nesfatin‐1 concentration. The few human studies that have examined the acute response of exercise on Nesfatin‐1 concentration from blood draws show conflicting results. There is a severe lack of biopsy studies in humans which warrants attention. All published animal studies have used the mouse model. The majority show that regular exercise training increases tissue NUCB2/Nesfatin‐1. In some animal studies, where the effects of exercise on tissue Nesfatin‐1 concentration has been seen as significant, there has been no significant effect of exercise on plasma Nesfatin‐1 concentration. All animal studies evaluated the effect of endurance training except one which used resistance training. No animal studies have investigated the effects of acute exercise, which warrants investigation. In conclusion, human and animal studies have shown that physical training can increase NUCB2/Nesfatin‐1, but research evidence examining the effect of acute exercise is in its infancy. In addition, future comparative studies are needed to compare the effects of different training protocols on NUCB2/Nesfatin‐1 in humans and animals

Efficacy of fixed daily 20 mg of isotretinoin in moderate to severe scar prone acne

Background: Despite advances in acne therapy in recent years, treatment failure is common. Isotretinoin is the only drug that affects almost all factors in acne pathogenesis, but side-effects are common at the doses reported in published studies in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of low daily dose isotretinoin in moderate to severe acne patients. The secondary objective was to measure the rate of relapse 5 years after the completion of therapy. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective, noncomparative study, 146 patients with moderate to severe scare prone acne. Treatment regimen consisted of isotretinoin, fixed 20 mg daily, and duration of treatment-based on the weight of patient, until total cumulative dose of 120 mg/kg of body weight is achieved. No topical or other systemic therapy was allowed during the trial. Liver function tests (serum glutamic-oxalocetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, direct and total bilirubin), and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride) were evaluated for all patients, before the initiation of treatment and again after the 2 nd month of treatment. All data analyzed by Microsoft Office Excel 2007; in descriptive statics frequency and SPSS.18 software. Results: At the end of treatment course, (96.4%) demonstrated complete clearing of their acne, defined as no acne or occasional isolated lesions. In 5-year follow-up, relapse accrued in 11 (7.9%) of patients. All adverse effects were mild, and discontinuation of treatment was not necessary. Conclusion: Low dose isotretinoin was found to be a safe and effective choice for patients with moderate to severe scar prone acne vulgaris

Survey on Satisfaction Level With Hearing Aid in the Daily Life of Elderly Hearing Impaired Population

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate satisfaction levels with hearing aids in daily life of older adult users, in addition to associated factors. Methods & Materials: In this cross sectional study, 32 subjects with moderate to severe sensory neural hearing loss (mean age; 63.5&plusmn;9.8 Yrs) and different socio-economic status, referred to private practice audiology clinic (Alltone Shenava audiology clinic, Newsha hearing rehabilitation center, Golriz audiology clinic), were selected to answer Farsi version of SADL (Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life) questionnaire. This questionnaire quantifies satisfaction using a global score and four subscales. Based on history form, all subjects had moderate socio-economic status. Results: Mean score of Farsi Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) and respective correspondence of categorical scale were: Overall score 4.24&plusmn;0.57 (min. 2.24 and max. 5.12); Medium satisfied; Positive effects 4.33&plusmn;0.83; Medium to considerably satisfied; Services and costs 3.60&plusmn;0.84; Somewhat satisfied; and Personal image 5.00&plusmn;1.25; considerably satisfied. Difference between satisfaction level and experience with current hearing aid, daily hearing aid use, degree of hearing loss and educational level was significant (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference between sex (P<0.0566). Conclusion: Results of hearing aid satisfaction in geriatric hearing impaired population were less than those of the previous studies. Upon analyzing factors associated with satisfaction with the use of hearing aids, it seems that factors such as use of modem technology, evaluation of communication and listening needs (before and after hearing aid prescription), detailed consultation about abilities and limitations of this devices as well as improvement in public and social services, enhance the satisfaction with hearing aid use

بررسی جایگاه گمیز در بهداشت ایران باستان

Background and Aim: Hygiene, individual and social health had a special place in ancient Iran and the Gomiz (cow urine), as a disinfectant and purifying substance, have been considered by the ancient Iranians. The purpose of this research is to study the place of Gomiz as a natural cleanser in the health of ancient Iran. Methods: This research was conducted by library method and content analysis, based on historical and religious sources with the keywords Gomiz, Natural cleanser, Ancient Iran and hygiene. The keywords were searched in Persian and English in Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and SID databases and the findings were written after collection, coding and classification. Ethical Considerations: In this research, the ethical aspects of library study including the authenticity of the text, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed. Results: Water and Gomiz have been the purifiers of ancient Iran and used to purify the human body and soul, environment, dishes, clothes, corpses and contaminated places, reducing disease transmission and medical cases. Gomiz was used in most religious rituals, including Ablution, Disinfecting and Barshanum and was sometimes considered more effective than water. Conclusion: According to ancient Iranian sources, Gomiz was considered a disinfectant and a cleanser and often washing with clean water has also been discussed. However, Gomiz was considered a cleansing and disinfectant substance in Zoroastrian religious ceremonies it is not considered a disinfectant in the scientific community today. Although gomiz is pure in Islam, it is not a purifying element. Further practical and laboratory research in confirming or disproving the disinfectant properties of Gomiz by relevant experts could be a retelling of a new theory. Please cite this article as: Adabinia SZ, Shakeri T, Hashemi Mehr SM, Rezaei Orimi J. A Study of the Place of Gomiz in Ancient Iranian Health. Tārīkh-i pizishkī, i.e., Medical History. 2023; 15(48): e8.زمینه و هدف: بهداشت، سلامت فردی و اجتماعی در ایران باستان، مقام ویژه‌ای داشته و گمیز (ادرار گاو)، به عنوان ماده‌ای ضد عفونی و تطهیرکننده، در نزد ایرانیان باستان مطرح بوده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی جایگاه گمیز به عنوان یک پاک‌کننده طبیعی در بهداشت ایران باستان است. روش: این پژوهش، به روش کتابخانه‌ای و تحلیل محتوا، بر اساس منابع تاریخی و مذهبی با واژگان کلیدی گمیز، مطهرات طبیعی، ایران باستان و بهداشت صورت پذیرفت. واژگان کلیدی، به زبان فارسی و انگلیسی، در پایگاه‌های Scopus، Science Direct، Google Scholar، SID جستجو و یافته‌ها پس از جمع‌آوری، کدگذاری و طبقه‌بندی، مکتوب گردید. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در این پژوهش، جنبه‌های اخلاقی مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای شامل اصالت متن، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است. یافته‌ها: گمیز از مطهرات ایران باستان بوده و برای تطهیر جسم و روح انسان، محیط، ظروف، البسه، اجساد و اماکن آلوده، کاهش انتقال بیماری و موارد طبی استفاده می‌شدند. گمیز در بیشتر آیین‌های مذهبی، از جمله پادیاب، پلشت‌بری و برشنوم کاربرد داشته و گاهی آن را مؤثرتر از آب می‌دانستند. نتیجه‌گیری: با استناد به منابع کهن ایران باستان، گمیز، ماده‌ای پاک و ضد عفونی‌کننده شمرده می‌شد و اغلب در کنار آن، شستشو با آب پاک نیز مطرح بوده است، هرچند گمیز در مراسم مذهبی زرتشتیان، ماده‌ای پاک کننده و پلشت‌بر محسوب می‌شد، ولی در جوامع علمی امروز آن را جزء ضد عفونی‌کننده‌ها نمی‌دانند. در دین اسلام نیز با اینکه گمیز پاک است، ولی عنصر تطهیرکننده نیست. تحقیقات عملی و آزمایشگاهی بیشتر در جهت تأیید یا رد خاصیت ضد عفونی‌کننده گمیز توسط متخصصان مربوطه، می‌تواند بازگوکننده نظریه جدیدی باش