L’entrepreneuriat Feminin En Iran: Les Structures Socioculturelles

RésuméLa recherche sur l’entrepreneuriat féminin date des années 70. Elle a beaucoup progressé dans les pays développés depuis plus de 30 ans, mais reste au début de sa phase d’émergence dans les pays en voie de développement. La présence de fortes différences, au niveau des structures sociales des pays développés par rapport à celles des pays en voie de développement, exige l’étude de ces contextes au sein desquels a lieu la création des entreprises par les femmes.On sait que le développement économique, politique et culturel des pays provient de l’action des entrepreneurs parmi lesquels figurent les femmes entrepreneurs. Au cours des dernières années, on assiste à une croissance du nombre des entreprises créées par les femmes dans le monde. En Iran, malgré la participation accrue des femmes aux différents niveaux de l’enseignement, elles continuent à être confrontées à de nombreuses barrières dans leurs tentatives d’entrer dans les affaires.Pour comprendre comment les femmes diplômées iraniennes créent leur entreprise, nous avons tenté d’élaborer un modèle après avoir réalisé une revue de la littérature sur l’entrepreneuriat féminin et sur les modèles existants dans ce domaine. Nous l’avons ensuite testé. Les résultats montrent que parmi les cinq facteurs socioculturels dégagés (L’optimisme de l’entourage, Les convictions traditionnelles, La présence du rôle modèle dans la société, L’équilibre entre la famille et le travail et Les catalyseurs sociaux), seuls L’optimisme de l’entourage favorisent l’entrepreneuriat féminin dans le contexte iranien. Les autres facteurs sont sans effet dans la création d’entreprise par les femmes diplômées iraniennes.Abstractresearch on women entrepreneurship date in 70. It has progressed in developed countries for more than 30 years but it rest in the first phase in developing countries. In spite of different socio cultural structures in developed countries and developing countries, it is necessary to study these different contexts in favor of creation of business by women.Economical, politic and cultural development of countries depends of entrepreneur’s action. In recent years, number of enterprises created by women has progressed all over the world. In Iran, in spite of the fact that most of the Iranian women cooperate in economic and social aspects and especially in higher education, the society is not reaping the rewards of all their cooperation and efforts in economic affairs.In favor of total knowledge of Iranian women’s business and the socio cultural factors that influence the process of start-up, a vast and national research on educated women entrepreneur population has been done through the questionnaire built for this subject and corrected by the experts and a pretest. The results point out that between five factors socio cultural (optimism of others, traditional convictions, presence of role models in society, equilibrium between work and family and social catalysis) only optimism of others encourages women entrepreneurship in Iranian context and other factors have any effect in creation of enterprise by Iranian educated women

Evaluation of entrepreneurship education program in higher education

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of education on entrepreneurship intention and its determinants, including "attitude towards behavior", "subjective norms" and "perceived behavioral control" in Golpayegan University students that participate in the 72 hours entrepreneurship education workshop. Data has been collected by questionnaire in two phases, at the beginning and at the end of semester. The results pointed out the impact of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurship intention, but not significant in determinants elements. Also, the impact of entrepreneurship education on industrial engineering students in comparison with other group of students was significant in variables "attitude towards behavior" and "subjective norms"

Identifying social entrepreneurship competencies of managers in social entrepreneurship organizations in healthcare sector

Abstract In spite of paying much attention to social entrepreneurship in academia, such is not the case in social entrepreneurship organizations. Although to fulfill economic and social missions, managers are required to possess economic and social competencies, only few studies investigated this important subject. The present study aims to identify the social entrepreneurship competencies of managers in social entrepreneurship organizations in the field of healthcare. Purposive sampling was used in the population of managers of social entrepreneurship organizations in the field of treatment and prevention of specific diseases (such as cancer, MS, thalassemia, etc.) and also social entrepreneurship organizations in the field of treatment and empowerment of the disabled. Eight managers in this field were interviewed and data was analyzed by open and axial coding using ATLAS.ti software. In total, 42 competencies have been identified in 10 categories and 5 main dimensions including communication competencies, personal competencies, managerial competencies, social competencies and health professional entrepreneurial competencies

Women Entrepreneurs Building Resilience During Crisis: Evidence From Iran

Women entrepreneurs have to deal with the gendered impact of crisis on their business activities. Regardless, they successfully adapt to the disruptions and new market realities caused by crisis. Given that resilience explains how individuals maintain functioning or even thrive despite challenges, it becomes crucial to understand women entrepreneurs’ resilience building during times of crisis. This study used a qualitative approach to examine how women entrepreneurs build resilience during crisis by specifically examining the challenges they face and the coping strategies they utilize to build their resilience. Using a sample of Iranian women entrepreneurs operating health related businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic, we offer a comprehensive understanding of women entrepreneurs' resilience building process. Our findings suggest that resilience building is not only a gendered phenomenon but a contextual one

Bearing the Unbearable: Exploring Women Entrepreneurs Resilience Building in Times of Crises

Recently, women entrepreneurship has become of particular interest to corporate social responsibility (CSR) scholarship, however, little is known about the impact of crises on women’s business activities and how they adapt to the disruptions and new market realities caused by a crisis. To design CSR initiatives that genuinely cater to the needs of women entrepreneurs, it is imperative to acquire an in-depth understanding of their unique experiences during times of crisis. This study employed a qualitative methodology to investigate the development of resilience among women entrepreneurs amidst crisis. The study sample comprised Iranian women entrepreneurs who were operating health-related businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to challenges related to money, market, management, motherhood, macro and meso level factors, women entrepreneurs were found to face crisis related challenges such as emotional exhaustion, altruism, fear of failure and uncertainty. Additionally, the findings revealed the different problem-based and emotion-based coping strategies (e.g., bootstrapping and emotional regulation) that women entrepreneurs used to build entrepreneurial resilience as well as business resilience. The resultant findings offer a comprehensive understanding of women entrepreneurs’ resilience-building process and suggest that resilience-building is a contextual as well as a gendered phenomenon. Implications for entrepreneurship research as well as women entrepreneurship and ethics literature is discussed