A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)

The classification of the largest subfamily of leafhoppers, Deltocephalinae, including 38 tribes, 923 genera, and 6683 valid species, is reviewed and revised. An updated phylogeny of the subfamily based on molecular (28S, Histone H3) and morphological data and an expanded taxon sample (37 taxa not included in previous analyses) is presented. Based on the results of these analyses and on the morphological examination of many representatives of the subfamily, the classification of the tribes and subtribes of Deltocephalinae is revised. Complete morphological descriptions, illustrations, lists of the included genera, and notes on their distribution, ecology, and important vector species are provided for the 38 recognized tribes and 18 subtribes. A dichotomous key to the tribes is provided. All names in the taxonomic treatments are hyperlinked to online resources for individual taxa which are supported by a comprehensive database for Deltocephalinae compiled using the taxonomic database software package 3I. The online functionality includes an interactive key to tribes and subtribes and advanced database searching options. Each taxon (subspecies through subfamily) has a unique taxon webpage providing nomenclatural information, lists of included taxa, an automated description (if available), images (if available), distributional information, bibliographic references and links to outside resources. Some observations and trends regarding the history of taxonomic descriptions in Deltocephalinae are reported. Four new tribes are described: Bahitini tribe nov. (25 genera), Bonsapeiini tribe nov. (21 genera), Phlepsiini tribe nov. (4 genera), and Vartini tribe nov. (7 genera). The circumscription and morphological characterization of Scaphoideini Oman, 1943 (61 genera) is substantially revised. Eleven new species are described: Acostemma stilleri sp. nov., Arrugada linnavuorii sp. nov., Drabescus zhangi sp. nov., Parabolopona webbi sp. nov., Goniagnathus emeljanovi sp. nov., Hecalus hamiltoni sp. nov., Scaphoideus omani sp. nov., Dwightla delongi sp. nov., Abimwa knighti sp. nov., Gannia viraktamathi sp. nov., and Doratulina dmitrievi sp. nov. Some family-group level taxonomic changes are made: Platymetopiini Haupt, 1929, Anoterostemmini Haupt, 1929, and Allygidiina Dmitriev, 2006 are synonymized with Athysanini Van Duzee, 1892, syn. nov.; Procepitini Dmitriev, 2002 is synonymized with Cicadulini Van Duzee, 1892, syn. nov.; Listrophorini Boulard, 1971 is synonymized with Chiasmini Distant, 1908, syn. nov.; Adamini Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983, Dwightlini McKamey, 2003, and Ianeirini Linnavuori, 1978 are synonymized with Selenocephalini Fieber, 1872 syn.nov., and all three are now recognized as valid subtribes in their parent tribe. New placements of many genera to tribe and subtribe are made, and these are described in individual taxon treatments

Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation: Final Report

This final report includes documentation of the approaches, methods, and results of our efforts to evaluate current and potential Species in Greatest Need of Conservation (IWAP Appendix I). We reviewed 563 taxa and provide draft updates and revisions of the Status, Conservation Objectives, and Stresses for non-mollusk invertebrate taxa in Illinois. We propose listing 166 of these as Species in Greatest Need of Conservation including 129 species from the 2005 list of 375 taxa and 36 of the 188 species newly evaluated in this project. Additionally, we propose a Watch-List of 245 invertebrate species which appear to be rare or declining but that have insufficient information to conduct a thorough conservation assessment at this time.Illinois Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Grant Program Project Number T-88-R-001unpublishednot peer reviewedOpe

Gypona parvula Tesón, 1972 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Gyponini): a new synonym and the first record from Paraná State

This study aims to contribute to the taxonomy of the genus Gypona by providing a new synonymy, Gypona parvula Tesón, 1972 equal to Gypona nasua DeLong & Freytag, 1975. In addition, the first record from Paraná State, Southern Brazil is reported

A bioinventory of select terrestrial insects at Braidwood Dunes and Savanna Nature Preserve (Will County, Illinois)

We conducted an inventory of select terrestrial insect groups at Braidwood Dunes and Savanna Nature Preserve in 2011 and 2012. A total of 823 unique species, representing 19 orders of Hexapods, were recorded using a variety of sampling methods (including: light trapping, pitfall trapping, sweep net, vacuum sample, litter sample, soil core, wine rope, visual transect). Intensive studies focused on springtails (Collembola), grasshoppers, crickets and katydids (Orthoptera), true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), leafhoppers and kin (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha), ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and butterflies and macromoths (Lepidoptera). We estimate that our records comprise around 11% of the total fauna of Hexapoda that occur at this 315--‐acre site. We evaluated sampling completeness for each group and compared, richness, diversity and evenness across habitat types. Special attention was focused on midwestern remnant dependent species, conservative prairie and savanna insects of the Chicago Wilderness region, and species that appear on Illinois' list of species in greatest need of conservation. We provide the Forest Preserve District of Will County with management recommendations relating to the terrestrial for this site, as well as a large collection of images covering many of the species we encountered. Braidwood Dunes and Savanna Nature Preserve contains a variety of rare and understudied species, some of which have only infrequently been encountered. These animals play a Cover photo: Papaipema speciosissima (Noctuidae), the Osmunda Borer Moth 3 wide variety of roles within the ecosystem and various habitats, and warrant special consideration and appreciation not only by land managers but also by the members of the public with an interest in the natural world.unpublishednot peer reviewe

Bonamus Oman 1937

<i>Bonamus</i> Oman <p> Type species: <i>Bonamus lineatus</i> Oman, 1938; designated.</p> <p> <i>Bonamus</i> Oman, 1938: 365 [original description, illustration, morphology, new species]; Evans, 1947: 140 [classification]; Linnavuori, 1957: 138 [description]; Linnavuori, 1959: 63–64 [key]; Linnavuori & Heller, 1962: 5 [new species]; Metcalf, 1963: 60 [catalogue]; Hamilton, 2000: 437, 453 [key; morphology; classification]; Zanol, 2006: 97 [catalogue]; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2010: 507–508 [classification; morphology]; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2013: 83, 85 [classification; morphology]; Zahniser, 2007 [online catalogue]; Freytag & Gaiani, 2017 [online catalogue]</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Bonamus</i> can be distinguished from other genera of the tribe by the macropterous males and females, the ocelli close to the eyes, anterior margin of head with numerous transverse carinae, discal portion of crown smooth, shiny, margin of pronotum much shorter than greatest width of eye, dorsum with distinct longitudinal orange stripes, subgenital plates with numerous long macrosetae arranged across entire plate, pygofer produced ventroapically into a process, pygofer with an internal lobelike process, connective articulated with aedeagus, ovipositor extending very far beyond pygofer apex, and first valvula dorsal sculpturing maculose and dorsoventrally elongated.</p> <p> <b>Body.</b> Male, 5.1–7.2 mm. Female, 5.5–8.6 mm to wing tip, 6.0– 9.7 mm to ovipositor tip. Body length 4.5x width of pronotum (male), 4.5–5.0x (female). Anterior margin of head with numerous transverse carinae. Crown length 0.6x (male) and 0.8x (female) interocular width; texture mostly smooth with faint longitudinal striae; slightly depressed. Ocelli 0.5–1.0x their own diameter distant from eye; on anterior margin or slightly dorsad. Frontoclypeus texture shagreen; flat to concave, anteriorly abruptly angled dorsad to anterior margin of head. Antennal sockets situated close upper margin of face. Pronotum carinate laterally; lateral margin shorter than greatest width of eye; texture smooth. Scutellum texture smooth. Protrochanter without distinct setae. Profemur row AV with ~8–14 very short, stout setae; intercalary row with 9–10 thin setae; AM1 present; dorsally with pair of apical setae; row PD with distinct row of 3–4 macrosetae and some smaller setae. Protibia row AD with apical seta; row PD with 8–20 or more macrosetae. Mesofemur row AV with numerous short, stout setae. Mesotibia row AD with 6–8 macrosetae; row PD with 6–10 macrosetae. Metafemur apical setae 2+2+1. Metatibia gradually arched throughout length. Metatarsomere I long, slender; apex with row of 3 or 4 platellae, flanked on each side with tapered seta. Macropterous.</p> <p> <b>Color.</b> General color whitish to yellowish or pale greenish. Head with three longitudinal orange stripes continuing onto pronotum and scutellum. Pronotum with additional pair of lateral orange stripes. Forewing with orange stripes continuing from pronotum and scutellum; with orange stripes in other cells of corium extending nearly to apical cells. Ventrally pale to yellowish.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Pygofer incised dorsally nearly 2/3 its length to base; ventrally produced to large quadrate or broad spinelike process; without macrosetae. Subgenital plates relatively long, triangular; apices bluntly angled or rounded; with numerous long macrosetae across entire ventral surface. Valve long, triangular; length 0.7–0.8x width. Connective short; Y-shaped. Style broadly bilobed at base; preapical lobe bluntly quadrate. Aedeagus base about half as tall as shaft; shaft arising ventrally from base; curving dorsad; simple or with pair of apical processes; gonopore apical or on posterior margin; articulated with connective. Phragma sclerotized as setose lobe or pair of bulbous lobes articulating with dorsal rim of aedeagus; with an internal membranous process short and digitate (<i>B. lineatus</i>) or elongate and lobelike (<i>B. jussaral</i>). Segment X large, long, sclerotized dorsally and laterally.</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor elongate; extending very far beyond pygofer. Shape of sternite VII variable. First valvula slender, straight; dorsal sculptured area with dorsoventrally elongated maculalike texture, becoming more granular toward apex, submarginal with broad unsculptured band along dorsal margin; VSA present, distinctly delimited, sculpturing similar dorsal sculpturing. Second valvula lanceolate, narrow; without dorsal teeth. Gonoplac with distinct row of 12–16 macrosetae.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Argentina, Brazil. One undescribed species, apparently a member of this genus, is known from a single female from Peru, Cusco Prov. (specimen at USNM). If confirmed by association with a male, it would substantially extend the known geographic range of the genus.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Bonamus amabilis</i> Linnavuori & Heller is transferred to <i>Tenucephalus</i> here. The species was described based on a female specimen and possesses the – <i>interstinctus</i> color pattern present in some other species of <i>Tenucephalus</i>. It is significantly smaller (4.7 mm) than the females currently placed in <i>Bonamus</i> (5.5–8.6 mm). Linnavuori & Heller (1962) indicated an uncertain generic placement of the species by placing a question mark after the genus name in the heading.</p> <p>The unique internal membranous process of the pygofer (Fig. 19) is an extension of the phragma which also forms the setose bulbous lobes in this genus.</p> <p> The genus was resolved as sister to <i>Tenucephalus</i>, and the two genera together form a highly supported monophyletic clade which is sister to the remaining Faltalini. The two genera share characters of the ovipositor which is unusually long and protruding very far beyond the pygofer, the first valvula dorsal sculpturing pattern maculose and dorsoventrally elongated, and gonoplac with macrosetae. Males of the genera share the the phragma forming setose bulbous lobes articulating dorsally with base of aedeagus.</p> <p> <b>Included species:</b></p> <i>jussaral</i> n. sp. (Brazil) <p> <i>lineatus</i> Oman, 1938 (Argentina, Brazil)</p> <p> <b> Key to species of <i>Bonamus</i></b> </p> <p> 1. Smaller (length of male 5.1–5.4 mm, female 6.0– 6.7 mm) (17A,B); male pygofer ventral process with several large and small blunt teeth ventrally (17D); phragma ventrolateral membranous process short, digitate, reaching at most to midlength of segment X (19Q–T); aedeagus without apical processes (17H,I); female sternite VII posterior margin deeply excavated medially (17J)........................................................................................ <i>B. lineatus</i></p> <p> 1’. Larger (length of male 7.2 mm, female 9.7 mm) (16A1,A2,B); male pygofer process without ventral teeth, ventral side rounded to base (16D); phragma ventrolateral membranous process much larger, wider, reaching nearly to apex of segment X (16D,E); aedeagus with pair of apical branched processes (16H,I); female sternite VII posterior margin not excavated medially (16J)....................................................................................... <i>B. jussaral</i> <b>n. sp.</b></p>Published as part of <i>Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4954 (1)</i> on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4954.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4690775">http://zenodo.org/record/4690775</a&gt

Kramerana adusta Zahniser

<i>Kramerana adusta</i> Zahniser <p>(Fig. 49A 2, 53)</p> <p> <i>Kramerana adusta</i> Zahniser, 2004 in Zahniser & Webb, 2004: 673 [original description, illustration, morphology]; Zanol, 2008: 45 [catalogue]; Zahniser, 2007 [online catalogue]; Freytag & Gaiani, 2017 [online catalogue]</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>K. adusta</i> can be distinguished from other species in the genus by its short length (male 2.9 mm), the crown with distinct dark brown coloration medially and remainder of crown solid golden brown without mottled white or ivory coloration and without lateral ivory stripes, forewing lateral margin with distinct broad ivory band apparently thickened and with venation obscured, aedeagus with broad base and with narrow shaft arising posterodorsally from base, apex of aedeagus without short flanges, gonopore long and opening on posterior side, and rim of gonopore with minute teeth.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Specimens not examined in this study.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is known from Peru (Pasco Dept.), collected at an elevation of 4000m.</p>Published as part of <i>Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4954 (1)</i> on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4954.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4690775">http://zenodo.org/record/4690775</a&gt

Tenucephalus brevilamina Zahniser 2021, n. sp.

<i>Tenucephalus brevilamina</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 61, 85)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>T. brevilamina</i> can be distinguished from other species in the genus by a combination of the <i>– interstinctus</i> color pattern, male pygofer without processes, subgenital plate very short and truncate, style apophysis relatively thick, digitate, with substantial tuberculate texture, not turned laterally at apex, and apex blunt, and basal paired processes of connective-aedeagus slender and tapered to sharply pointed apices.</p> <p> <b>Body.</b> Male, 4.2 mm. Female 4.6–4.7 mm to wing apex.</p> <p> <b>Color.</b> With the – <i>interstinctus</i> color pattern.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Pygofer length about 2x height at midlength; not strongly incised dorsally; ventral margin straight; without processes; with ~20 macrosetae on posterior 1/3; with other short, fine setae ventrally. Valve large; width less than 2x median length. Subgenital plate very short, truncate; with ~8 macrosetae in one row near lateral margin; with many long fine setae laterally. Style preapical lobe short; roundedly angled; apophysis thick, digitate, swollen at midlength, with tuberculate texture. Connective-aedeagus with symmetrical pair of processes fused near aedeagal base, processes long, exceeding apex of aedeagus, subapically bent ventrad. Aedeagus curved throughout length; without processes. Segment X lightly sclerotized laterally; projecting out of pygofer. Phragma bulbous lobes relatively small; with short, thick setae throughout.</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Sternite VII rectangular; width greater than 2x median length; posterior margin slightly produced medially. Sternite VIII lightly sclerotized; not exceeding anterior margin of stVII.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> HOLOTYPE: 1♂, ARGENTINA: Misiones, Loreto, 18-XII-1931, A.A. Ogloblin [USNM]. PARATYPES: 1♂, 3♀, same data. 1♂, same data except 14-XII-1931. 1♀, same data except 8-XII-1931. 1♀, same data except 10-XII-1931. [USNM]</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name is considered a noun meaning “short plate” referring to the truncate subgenital plates of this species.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is known only from the type locality in Misiones, Argentina.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>T. brevilamina</i> is a member of the – <i>interstinctus</i> species group.</p>Published as part of <i>Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4954 (1)</i> on pages 98-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4954.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4690775">http://zenodo.org/record/4690775</a&gt

Tenucephalus parana Zahniser 2021, n. sp.

<i>Tenucephalus parana</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 77, 85)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>T. parana</i> can be distinguished from other species of the genus by a combination of the typical color pattern, male pygofer process thick and turned downward from dorsal margin of pygofer toward ventral margin and not reaching pygofer apex, style median arm not produced and apophysis without fine setae, basal processes of connective-aedeagus reaching well beyond midlength of aedeagus and curved medially and slightly flared at apex, and aedeagus extremely long and thin.</p> <p> <b>Body.</b> Male, 4.8 mm. Female, 5.0 mm to wing apex.</p> <p> <b>Color.</b> With the typical color pattern.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Pygofer length slightly more than 2x height at midlength; ventral margin incised near base; apex rounded ventrally to squared dorsoapical corner; with pair of dorsal processes thick at base, bases reaching deep into pygofer, falcate, curving ventrad and nearly reaching ventral margin; with numerous short to medium-length fine setae dorsad of membranous cleft and several continuing near ventral margin toward apex; with ~25 long macrosetae on posterodorsal 1/4; in dorsal view, incised past midlength. Valve width less than 2x median length; anterior margin broadly produced medially. Subgenital plates long, triangular; with single row of ~10 macrosetae near lateral margin; with many long fine setae laterally; apex acute. Style median arm not produced; preapical lobe distinct, more or less quadrate; apophysis robust, base thick distinctly bent near base, apical shaft relatively straight and somewhat tapering in width. Connective-aedeagus with symmetrical pair of processes fused near aedeagal base, processes thin, reaching well beyond midlength of aedeagus, curving medially, and slightly flared at apex; at base of aedeagus, a large globular sclerotized structure sits over bases of basal processes. Aedeagus extremely long and thin; curved throughout its length; from base of shaft, directed obliquely to the left side. Phragma lightly sclerotized, with many fine setae throughout; wrapping around globular sclerotized structure at base of aedeagus. Segment X membranous.</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Segment VII large; width distinctly less than 2x median length; posteriorly with lateral lobes, median 1/3 strongly produced with small apical cleft. Sternite VIII partly sclerotized; with irregular folds extending anteriorly, slightly exceeding anterior margin of stVII.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> HOLOTYPE: 1♂, ARGENTINA: Misiones, Loreto, 18-XII-1931, A.A. Ogloblin [USNM]. PARATYPES: 1♂, same data except 10-XII-1931. 1♀, same data except 6-XII-1931. [USNM]</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name is a noun, and the species is named after the Paraná River which is near the type local- ity.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>T. parana</i> is known only from the type locality in Misiones, Argentina.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species is apparently closely related to <i>T. nielsoni</i> based on the similar long and thin aedeagus and other aspects of the male genitalia.</p>Published as part of <i>Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4954 (1)</i> on pages 121-122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4954.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4690775">http://zenodo.org/record/4690775</a&gt

Ackbaria vermiformis Campodonico & Zahniser

<i>Ackbaria vermiformis</i> Campodonico & Zahniser <p>(Figs. 5–6, 94U–V)</p> <p> <i>Ackbaria vermiformis</i> Campodonico & Zahniser, 2017: 386 [original description, morphology, illustration]; Freytag & Gaiani, 2017 [online catalogue]</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>A. vermiformis</i> can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the male pygofer and usually apex of female tergite VIII darkly pigmented, male tergite VIII and female tergites VII and VIII with macrosetae; aedeagus relatively more slender, apex with anterodorsal flange, without distinct lateral flange</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Specimens listed in Campodonico & Zahniser (2017) were again examined here.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known from Argentina (La Pampa and Entre Ríos Provinces), and Chile (Malleco and Arauco Provinces).</p>Published as part of <i>Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4954 (1)</i> on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4954.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4690775">http://zenodo.org/record/4690775</a&gt

Virganana herbida DeLong & Thambimuttu

<i>Virganana herbida</i> DeLong & Thambimuttu <p>(Figs. 15, 87–88)</p> <p> <i>Virganana herbida</i> DeLong & Thambimuttu, 1973: 169–170 [original description, illustration, morphology; Zanol, 2008: 71 [catalogue]; Zahniser, 2007 [online catalogue]; Freytag & Gaiani, 2017 [online catalogue]</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species can be distinguished from <i>V. maculata</i> and <i>V. danasensis</i> by the characters in the key above. Male, 4.0– 4.2 mm. Female, 4.7–4.9 mm.</p> <p> <b>Material Examined.</b> 15 ♂ and ♀ paratypes: CHILE, Malleco Prov., Angol, 23-XII-1967, D.M. DeLong & T. Cekalovic. [OSUC]</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is known only from the type locality in Malleco Prov., Chile.</p>Published as part of <i>Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, pp. 1-160 in Zootaxa 4954 (1)</i> on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4954.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4690775">http://zenodo.org/record/4690775</a&gt