Extraction of the Volatile Oils of Dictyopteris membranacea Batters 1902 by Focused Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Empirical Kinetic Modelling Approach, Apparent Solubility and Rate Constants

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCCO2) and focused microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (FMAHD) were used comparatively to isolate the volatile oils of the brown alga Dictyopteris membranacea from the crude ether extract. The volatiles fractions were analysed by GC/MS, the major compounds were: dictyopterene A, 6-butyl-1,4-cycloheptadiene, 1-undecen-3-one, 1,4-undecadien-3-one, (3-oxoundec-4-enyl) sulphur, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 3-hexyl-4,5-dithiacycloheptanone, and albicanol. A kinetics study of the extraction of the volatile fractions obtained by the two processes was carried out, an external calibration allowed to quantify the content of the main metabolites. Empirical models were applied to adjust the experimental kinetics values but also to determine the values of apparent solubilities for SCCO2 and the rate constants for FMAHD. The results obtained revealed that the SCCO2 process was characterized by the coexistence of three distinct phases. For FMAHD, the extraction mechanism included two steps. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

From imaging to simulation: a framework applied to simulate the blood flow in the carotids

In this work we present a methodology to extract information from medical imaging and use it for hemodynamical simulation in arteries. Based on in-vivo magnetic resonance images (MRI), the velocity of the blood flow has been measured at different positions and times. Also, the anatomy of the vessel has been converted into a volume mesh suitable for numerical modeling. This data has been used to solve computationally the dynamics of the fluid inside the artery in healthy and pathologic cases. As an application, we have developed a computational model within the carotids. The next step in the pipeline will be to extend the simulation to fluidstructure interaction (FSI) to find the parameters in an atherosclerotic plaque that could lead to rupture.Peer Reviewe

From imaging to simulation: a framework applied to simulate the blood flow in the carotids

In this work we present a methodology to extract information from medical imaging and use it for hemodynamical simulation in arteries. Based on in-vivo magnetic resonance images (MRI), the velocity of the blood flow has been measured at different positions and times. Also, the anatomy of the vessel has been converted into a volume mesh suitable for numerical modeling. This data has been used to solve computationally the dynamics of the fluid inside the artery in healthy and pathologic cases. As an application, we have developed a computational model within the carotids. The next step in the pipeline will be to extend the simulation to fluidstructure interaction (FSI) to find the parameters in an atherosclerotic plaque that could lead to rupture.Peer Reviewe

Noninvasive Molecular Imaging of Disease Activity in Atherosclerosis.

Major focus has been placed on the identification of vulnerable plaques as a means of improving the prediction of myocardial infarction. However, this strategy has recently been questioned on the basis that the majority of these individual coronary lesions do not in fact go on to cause clinical events. Attention is, therefore, shifting to alternative imaging modalities that might provide a more complete pan-coronary assessment of the atherosclerotic disease process. These include markers of disease activity with the potential to discriminate between patients with stable burnt-out disease that is no longer metabolically active and those with active atheroma, faster disease progression, and increased risk of infarction. This review will examine how novel molecular imaging approaches can provide such assessments, focusing on inflammation and microcalcification activity, the importance of these processes to coronary atherosclerosis, and the advantages and challenges posed by these techniques.M.R.D and D.E.N are supported by the British Heart Foundation (CH/09/002 to D.E.N., FS/14/78/31020 to M.R.D). M.R.D is the recipient of the Sir Jules Thorn Biomedical Research Award 2015 (M.R.D.) E.A. research is supported by R01HL 114805 and R01HL 109506.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins via http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.30797

Cooperation vs. Non-Cooperation Basedrouting Protocols in WBAN

Design of routing protocols has seen remarkableadvancement in the field of Wireless Body Area Networks(WBANs).These protocols work to enhance the performance ofWBAN by focusing on routing, energy efficiency and end-to-enddelay. As these protocols can be categorized in a variety of waysaccording to the mechanisms and functionalities they follow,hence it becomes important to understand their principal ofoperations. In this research, we have selected some recentrouting protocols in the field of WBAN and presented acomparative analysis according to the categories on which theyrely. Also a detail analysis of their key advantages and flaws arealso identified in this research

Exploring leadership communication in the United Arab Emirates: Issues of culture and gender

This study aims to identify what makes a successful leader in the UAE within the paradigms of leadership styles and leadership communication. In order to do this, we explore, and potentially challenge, a number of the existing leadership stereotypes that are germane to the region, along with the stereotypical discourse strategies that have been associated with the ways in which men and women enact leadership. We wanted to find out if Emirati nationals would prefer the type of discursive leadership that has been associated with women leaders, that is transformational leadership and collaborative communication, or if they would prefer the discursive leadership that has been stereotypically associated with men in equivalent positions, that is laissez-faire, transactional or paternalisticleadership styles, together with the use of a direct and competitive style of communication. Our findings show that a Western understanding of leadership may be too strictly delineated to account for leadership styles in the Gulf, and also that leaders in the region may effectively draw on a combined set of communication strategies that have been stereotypically attributed elsewhere to male and female leaders