The quality of life in pregnant women in Farokhshahr city, 2012

زمینه و هدف: در دوران بارداری تغییرات زیادی در زنان رخ می دهد و آن ها را هم از نظر روحی و هم از نظر جسمی آسیب پذیر می کند. این تغییرات می تواند کیفیت زندگی زنان را دچار تغییرات زیادی کند و بر جنین ایشان نیز تأثیر بگذارد. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین کیفیت زندگی و ابعاد آن در زنان باردار شهر فرخشهر طراحی و اجرا شده است تا بتواند به بخش های مورد نیاز بهبود بخشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی که از نوع مقطعی است کیفیت زندگی زنان باردار مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر فرخشهر در سال 1391 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور 170 نفر زن باردار به عنوان نمونه به روش سیستماتیک انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. ابعاد مختلف وضعیت سلامتی نمونه ها با استفاده از نسخه ترجمه شده پرسشنامه استاندارد کیفیت زندگی مرتبط با سلامت (SF-36) اندازه گیری و وضعیت کیفیت زندگی محاسبه شد. یافته ها: میانگین نمره کیفیت زندگی در ابعاد مختلف وضعیت سلامتی از حد متوسط به بالا بود و نمره کل کیفیت زندگی برابر 57/15±48/66 به دست آمد. بین متغیر سن با عملکرد جسمانی (283/0-)، محدودیت جسمانی (156/0-)، درد (240/0-) و نمره کل کیفیت زندگی (226/0-) ارتباط معکوس و معنی داری وجود داشت (05/0>P). همچنین بین سن بارداری با عملکرد اجتماعی (173/0-)، عملکرد جسمانی (299/0-)، درد (182/0-) و نمره کل کیفیت زندگی (193/0-) ارتباط معکوس و معنی داری مشاهده شد (05/0>P). میانگین نمره کیفیت زندگی در دوران بارداری در مادران با تعداد 2 بارداری و نیز دارای حاملگی ناخواسته کمتر از مادران با 1 بار حاملگی و حاملگی خواسته بوده است (05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به کیفیت زندگی متوسط زنان باردار به دست آمده در این مطالعه، شایسته است متولیان امر بهداشت اقداماتی جهت ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی در این گروه مهم داشته باشند

Prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium in marketed meat in Shahrekord in 2014

زمینه و هدف: سالمونلا در انسان بیماری‌ های مختلف مانند تب روده، حصبه و شبه حصبه، عفونت خون و مسمومیت‌ های غذایی را ایجاد می ‌کند. گوشت و شیرخام از مهم ‌ترین منابع آلودگی انسان به سالمونلا می‌ باشند. از این رو در این تحقیق به بررسی آلودگی سالمونلا تیفی موریوم و سالمونلا اینترتیدیس گوشت ‌های قرمز و سفید خام در سطح شهرستان شهرکرد پرداخته شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی، تعداد 360 نمونه شامل 98 نمونه گوشت گاو، 36 نمونه گوشت شتر، 75 نمونه گوشت گوسفند، 62 نمونه گوشت بز و 89 نمونه گوشت مرغ، از مراکز عرضه شهرستان شهرکرد جمع آوری و از نظر آلودگی به سالمونلا به روش کشت، آزمون ‌های بیوشیمیایی و آزمون PCR مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. در ادامه سالمونلا تیفی موریوم و سالمونلا اینترتیدیس جدا شده از نظر ژن های حدت invA, rfbj, fliC, fljB, spV, sefA مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: در این تحقیق در مجموع 54 نمونه از 360 نمونه به گونه های سالمونلا آلوده بودند. بیشترین آلودگی در گوشت مرغ (64/31) در نمونه‌ گوشت گاو (26/13)، گوشت بز (06/8)، گوشت گوسفند (8) و گوشت شتر (5/5) مشاهده شد. از مجموع 54 جدایه سالمونلا، 24 ایزوله آلوده به سالمونلا تیفی موریوم و 20 ایزوله آلوده به سالمونلا اینترتیدیس و 10 ایزوله مربوط به سایر سروتیپ ‌های سالمونلا بود. بررسی ژن های حدت ایزوله ها نشان داد تمام آن ها حامل ژن های مورد بررسی بودند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصله بیانگر این است که درصد قابل توجهی از نمونه های گوشت‌ های قرمز و سفید دارای آلودگی سالمونلایی هستند. از این رو لازم است با کنترل‌های بهداشتی و نظارت دقیق در کشتارگاه‌ ها از میزان آلودگی گوشت کاسته شود

Meshfree Method for Prediction of Thermal Properties of Porous Ceramic Materials

In the presented thesis work, meshfree method with distance fields is applied to create a novel computational approach which enables inclusion of the realistic geometric models of the microstructure and liberates Finite Element Analysis(FEA) from thedependance on and limitations of meshing of fine microstructural feature such as splats and porosity.Manufacturing processes of ceramics produce materials with complex porosity microstructure.Geometry of pores, their size and location substantially affect macro scale physical properties of the material. Complex structure and geometry of the pores severely limit application of modern Finite Element Analysis methods because they require construction of spatial grids (meshes) that conform to the geometric shape of the structure. As a result, there are virtually no effective tools available for predicting overall mechanical and thermal properties of porous materials based on their microstructure. This thesis is a separate handling and controls of geometric and physical computational models that are seamlessly combined at solution run time. Using the proposedapproach we will determine the effective thermal conductivity tensor of real porous ceramic materials featuring both isotropic and anisotropic thermal properties. This work involved development and implementation of numerical algorithms, data structure, and software

Evaluating the microbial contamination of some Iranian dried medicinal plants and distillates

Background and aims: In Iran herbal water and dried herb are as traditional medicinal and are consumed widely. Therefore, microbial evaluation of these products in term of public health is important. The aim of the present study was to study the contamination of some dried medical plants and distillates in the groceries of Shahrekord city. Methods: In this descriptive study, 35 samples of herbal waters and 35 samples of 7 species (lavender, lemon balm, valerian, savory, borage, mint and thyme) dried medicinal plant (total samples=70) distributed in Shahrekord during spring to summer of 2012 were purchased and transferred to laboratory. Then, microbial tests such as total aerobic bacterial count mold and yeast count, total coliforms, and detection were evaluated based on national standard of Iran. Results: Contamination to mesophilic bacteria and yeast was observed in the 100 of distilled samples, based on the national standard of Iran. Additionally, none of the medicinal dried plant was contaminated according to the national standard of Iran. Conclusion: According to contamination of all distilled, It is proposed that producers of herbal distillates consider the hygiene conditions, using correct and suitable pasteurization, considering the structural condition of workshop and also appropriate packaging in order to reduce the secondary contamination and increase the quality of the finished product

Frequency of Anti-HBc & HBV DNA detection in blood donors of Kerman province, Iran

Hepatitis B is a serious global infection disease and a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, data on Occult Hepatitis B in Iran are scare. The current study assessed the frequency of Anti-HBc and HBV DNA in serum sample of healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg stratified by sex and age; and also investigated the relationship between detection of HBV-DNA and anti-HBc positivity. Since anti-HBc screening is not performed in Iranian Blood Bank, we assessed whether anti-HBc could be adopted as a screening assay for the donated blood. The study included a total of 1525 blood samples of blood donors negative for hepatitis B virus surface antigen ( 87% male with a mean age &plusmn; SD: of 31&plusmn;8yr; and 13% female with a mean age &plusmn; SD of 30&plusmn;6yr). Eight percent (121 out of 1525) of the blood samples with negative HBs-Ag were positive for Anti-HBc and were all from males. HBV-DNA was detected in 36 out of 121 anti-HBc+ specimens (29.7%). The study found a positive relation between anti-HBc positivity and detection of HBV-DNA in serum samples of HBs-Ag negative blood donors. Findings from this study suggest that, introducing anti HBc screening in Iran maybe very practical in order to limit the transmission risk of Occult Hepatitis B virus through blood transfusion.<br /

Introduction of Methods to Reduce and Remove Patulin from Food Products

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by different species of fungi of the genus Penicillium and Aspergillus, found in several species of fruit, and significant in apples. The purpose of this investigation is to the theoretical study of food contamination mechanisms by patulin and hazard of patulin for health. Various methods of determination of patulin and the possibility of reducing its level in apple-based products were analyzed. To reduce and remove patulin, several methods have been proposed that include post-harvest patulin control in products, pre-treatment control, and control by using physical and chemical methods, post-processing control such as packaging and using methods such as activated carbon or lactic acid bacteria. The standards and comparing the amount of patulin with them can be an important help in controlling this substance throughout the production processing of safe food

Designing an OER Production Pattern for the E-Learning System of university of Tehran

Objectives: The purpose of the research was conducted to design a model for producing open educational resources (OER) for the virtual education system of University of Tehran. Methodology: The research method of this study was a survey. A researcher-made a 20 item questionnaire extracted from earlier studies with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.753 was used. The statistical population of the study includes 81 professors and experts in e-learning at the University of Tehran. After completing the questionnaire, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Amos software. Results: The components of the proposed production model of educational resources based on rank importance include learning models, modification; Change and merge, validity, resource quality, being free, licenses, integrated archives, and access and rewrite. The template was validated by mean test, Kaiser Meyer Olkin test (KMO), and Bartlett's Test at 95% confidence level, and the correlation of each part of the template was confirmed by the Chi square test. The components of the model are independent of other components: the reason loads of each reason with chi-square indices of the degree of freedom equal to 1.786, the goodness of fit index equal to 0.917, root mean square index of estimation error equal to 0.069, and A comparative fit equal to 0.901 shows the relationship between the factors and the model. It can be concluded that the proposed model is approved as a suitable model for an open educational resource

Effect of Rheum Ribes Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on Memory Impairments in Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Some animal models have been used to study Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. Animal studies have shown that there is a relation between decrease in cholinergic functions in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and loss of learning capability and memory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rheum ribes extract (RR) on memory deficit in one of the rat models of AD. Plant (1500gr) was collected from Saman (kahkesh) region of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province in Iran. RR hydro-alcoholic extracts were prepared using maceration method. Rat model of Alzheimer was induced by Nucleus Basalis of Meynert lesions (NBML). Animals (n = 32) received extracts for 20 days and then passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks were performed for memory evaluation. FRAP and HPLC methods were used for measurement of the antioxidant and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in blood. In water maze experiment, probe trial results showed that NBML group spent significantly less time in target quadrant, in which the platform was located on the preceding day. In addition, the time spent in target quadrant was significantly increased in NBML + RR groups (250 and 500 mg/kg) compared to the NBML group. In passive avoidance task, mean initial latency time and step-though latency were significantly decreased in NBML group. RR extracts significantly prolonged step-through latency in NBML + RR groups. Results of this study suggest that Rheum ribes extracts can improve memory deficits induced by bilateral NBM lesions in rats

Seasonal variations of throughfall chemistry in pure and mixed stands of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Hyrcanian forests (Iran)

International audienceAbstractKey messageThroughfall nutrient fluxes were generally higher in a mixed stand than in a pure stand of Oriental beech. Throughfall fluxes were higher than bulk precipitation fluxes except for nitrogen and indicate higher canopy uptake of this element in the pure stand compared to the mixed stand.ContextOriental beech is an economically relevant tree species for Iran and adjacent countries. Yet little is known about nutrient cycling in Oriental beech stands and the influence of the degree of mixture with other species.AimsWe assessed the effect of seasons on nutrient fluxes in precipitation and whether throughfall chemistry differed between pure and mixed stands.MethodsBulk precipitation in the open field and throughfall were sampled during one whole month within each season from August 2013 to May 2014 in a pure (81 % of beech trees on average) and a mixed stand (57 % of beech trees) of Oriental beech. Samples were analysed for pH, nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+).ResultsNutrient concentrations were generally higher in the growing season than in the dormant season, both in bulk precipitation and in throughfall. Nutrient fluxes were higher in fall and these peaks coincided with higher amounts of precipitation. The concentrations and fluxes of NH4+, NO3−, P, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were generally higher in the mixed stand than in the pure stand in all seasons. Compared to the open field, throughfall fluxes were usually higher, except for NO3− and NH4+, indicating direct canopy uptake of nitrogen.ConclusionCanopy composition in Oriental beech stands (owing to differences in foliage chemistry) and seasons (owing to differences in precipitation regime and phenological stages) have a significant effect on throughfall nutrient fluxes