Relationship between job satisfaction elements and organizational commitment among employees of development finance institution in Malaysia

This study examined the relationship between the five dimensions of job satisfaction of the work itself, supervision, co-workers, promotion and salary satisfaction, with a dependent variable of organizational commitment. This study was conducted in SME Bank, one of the development finance institution (DFI) in Malaysia. Based on the data by Hewitt Associates, the turnover rate in banking and financial services in Malaysia is the second largest. High turnover among employees might jeopardize strategic plans to achieve organizational objectives. When an organization loses its critical people, there might be a number of negative impacts like reduction in overall level of innovation and quality of customer services. Therefore, organization commitment plays a very critical role in order to reduce the employees’ turnover. For this purpose, data were obtained from a sample of 150 employees in eight branches of SME Bank. The result tested on respondents/ sample to analyze the using descriptively, correlation and multiple regressions. The results showed that work satisfaction, supervision and, co-workers satisfaction were high. Meanwhile, the level of organizational commitment, promotion and salary were modest. The moderate level of organizational commitment indicated that the tendency of employees to turnover may also high. With these findings, it will become a turning point for SME Bank to identify steps that should be taken to enhance organization's commitment among its employees. This study also tested five hypotheses to determine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The result shows that the dimensions of job satisfaction namely work satisfaction, supervision, co-workers, promotion and salary satisfaction have a significant relationship with organizational commitment. Overall, this study shows that job satisfaction is an important factor influencing organizational commitment. Therefore, this study suggests that the SME Bank should emphasize on job satisfaction in order to improve organizational commitment

System To Support The Survey Of GIS Use Within The Business Sector

A survey will be conducted on September 1995 regarding the GIS use within the business sector. A system is consider to be able to help the analyser to evaluate the questionnaires in term of inputting data, analyses and report. The developments of the system are solely base on the questionnaires itself. Much effort have been put towards the analysis part. Eventhough the system did functions but it did not cover all the aspect necessary for the analysis part. This analysis is trying to gather the raw data to be represented into a graph for clarity in understanding

Antioxidant activity and toxicity studies of vernonia cinerea, peperomia pellucida and the combination of vernonia cinerea and peperomia pellucida / Nurul Syafiqah Zaharin

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity and toxicity levels of Vernonia cinerea, Peperomia pellucida and combination of Vernonia cinerea and Peperomia pellucida. The extract was prepared with methanol respectively. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay were used to study their antioxidant activity while brine shrimp lethality test method was conducted to determine their toxicity levels. The extracts were compared with commercial antioxidant; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Vernonia cinerea exhibits highest antioxidant activitiy which is 76.94% at 100mg/ml followed by the combined herbs (71.21%) and Peperomia pellucida (68.31%). IC50 values were also calculated for each sample. Peperomia pellucida possess highest IC50 which is 5.57 mg/ml, followed by combination of Vernonia cinerea and Peperomia pellucida which is 5.27 mg/ml and lastly Vernonia cinerea which is 2.91 mg/ml. The lower the IC50 value, the stronger the ability of extracts to act as a DPPH scavenger. For brine shrimp lethality assay, the mortality percentage was taken after 6 hours and 24 hours of incubation period. After 24 hours incubation period, there are no survivors left and it may be influenced by several factors and therefore, the LC50 values are only taken for 6 hours incubation period only. Brine shrimp lethality test show that all of the samples exhibit non-toxic characteristic as the value of LC50 is greater than 1 mg/ml .Combined extracts of Vernonia cinerea and Peperomia pellucida have highest LC50 value which is 32.61 mg/ml, followed by Peperomia pellucida (14.72 mg/ml) and Vernonia cinerea (14.10 mg/ml). It can be concluded that the combination herbs may not work well if combined together

A Generic Requirements Model: School-Based Assessment and E-Portfolio Management System

Requirements model is one of the important elements in software development process. This research focuses on constructing a requirement model for a new system namely School-Based Assessment and e-Portfolio Management System (SMS). The case study is based on vocational subjects within Perlis secondary schools. The requirements model proposed in this research consists of four main elements in the software requirements model approaches which are scenario-based models, class-based models, behavioural models and flow models. Unified Modelling Language (UML) is used as a modelling technique to illustrate the requirements. The requirements model is validated by using an expert review approach and user interface prototyping. The result from both validation techniques gives a high motivation to researchers in particular domain to expand research in developing SMS. This research contributes a guideline to other researchers to further the actual development of SMS in the future. In fact, findings in this study could help the Ministry of Education (MOE) to recognize the current problems of SBA, the key factors influence the development of SMS, the possible issues form system usage and the potential stakeholder for SMS. Thus, it is hope that the actual development of SMS could be successfully complete within allocated time and budget

A review of groundwater in islands using SWOT analysis

This paper has focused and reviewed the groundwater of 55 islands around the world using Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analyses selected based on existing literatures and studies conducted. The SWOT analysis output fills in the gap of scientific knowledge and helps in groundwater management. The overall of groundwater management in islands should be conducted by the highest government level. The institutional framework must make sure that any development and management of water resources in these islands take place in national level planning. The main thing is to ensure collaborations between agencies for sustainable management of groundwater in islands

Mercury distribution in Port Klang mangrove and estuarine sediment

Mangrove and estuarine areas are important to the ecosystem and can act as a sink of pollutants, especially metal ions. However, the accumulation of metals in sediment can cause negative impacts on plant growth, microbial activity and soil fertility. The severity and nature of the impact is highly influenced by the type of metal found in the sediment. One of the metals that have adverse effects on the environment is mercury. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the mercury concentration and its distribution in the study area. Sediment samples were collected from 30 sampling points that cover Langat River and Klang River estuaries, Lumut Straits, Pulau Klang and Pulau Indah in Selangor, Malaysia. The extractable mercury in sediment samples was determined at the laboratory using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this study, mercury was found to be concentrated along Lumut Strait especially in the mixing zone near the confluence of Langat River

Irrigation water quality assessment of a trans-state river basin in western part of Malaysia by integration of hydrochemical and chemometric analysis

This study aims to assess the monsoon effect on the chemical composition of water samples collected from Langat River, a trans-state river basin and to evaluate the suitability of the water for irrigation purposes. In-situ parameters (pH, salinity, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids) and major ions (Ca, K, Mg, Na, HCO3, NO3, SO4, Cl) were determined. The water quality status for irrigation was determined based on the sodium adsorption ratio, salinity hazard, sodium percentage, magnesium hazard, residual sodium carbonate, Kelly's ratio and permeability index. Graphical presentation such as Wilcox diagram, Gibbs diagram, Schoeller diagram and Piper diagram were incorporated to display a wide range of water quality data. About 50% of the water samples collected from 30 sampling stations were beyond the good irrigation water class. The water quality at downstream was mostly unsatisfactory for irrigation purposes compared to water quality upstream, significantly proved at p<0.05. Cluster analysis revealed two different clusters of similarities between the points for both seasons, reflecting different chemical properties and irrigation water quality in the studied river

A novel approach for the adsorption of cadmium ions in aqueous solution by dead calcareous skeletons

Heavy metal contamination in water causes problems to the environment and the deterioration of human health. Various types of water remediation methods have been conducted to counter this problem and to reduce the toxicity risk in water. As the conventional treatment process does not completely remove pollutants in the water, alternative purification methods have been studied to improve the treatment process. In this present study, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of dead calcareous skeleton in removing cadmium ions (Cd(II)) from aqueous solution. The factors affecting adsorption were evaluated in respect of adsorbent size, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial concentration to determine the optimum conditions for Cd(II) removal. The optimum size of CS was 710 μm and the equilibrium was achieved at 600 min. The most favorable dosage concentration was 20 g/L. The optimum pH for the Cd(II) adsorption was 6.42, which is the initial pH of Cd(II) solution. The adsorption capacity of CS appeared to be higher when the initial concentration Cd(II) increased above 1 mg/L. The experimental data fitted better in the Freundlich isotherm than in the Langmuir isotherm but the bonding was rather weak. The results from this study demonstrate that dead calcareous skeletons have considerable potential in water treatment applications for the metal removal process. In addition, the cost of chemical usage can be reduced due to the natural characteristics of adsorbents, which are able to alter the pH of the solution so that it is favorable for optimum adsorption capacity

Groundwater resources assessment using numerical model : a case study in low-lying coastal area.

The impacts of climate change and human pressure in groundwater have been greatest threats facing small islands. This paper represents a case study of groundwater responses towards the climate change and human pressures in Manukan Island Malaysia. SEAWAT-2000 was used for the simulations of groundwater response in study area. Simulations of six scenarios representing climate change and human pressures showed changes in hydraulic heads and chloride concentrations. Reduction in pumping rate and an increase in recharge rate can alter the bad effects of overdrafts in Manukan Island. In general, reduction in pumping rate and an increase in recharge rate are capable to restore and protect the groundwater resources in Manukan Island. Thus, for groundwater management options in Manukan Island, scenario 2 is capable to lessen the seawater intrusion into the aquifer and sustain water resources on a long-term basis. The selection of scenario 6 is the preeminent option during wet season. The output of this study provides a foundation which can be used in other small islands of similar hydrogeological condition for the purpose of groundwater resources protection