Le tre \uabspezie\ubb di lingue nella \uabScienza nuova\ubb di Vico: interpretazione diacronica e funzionale.

Abstract [The three \uabspezie\ubb of languages in Vico\u2019s \uabNew Science\ubb: diachronic and functional interpretation]. Moving from the connection between language and thought, which plays a central role in Vico\u2019s philosophy, R.M. Zagarella discusses the alternative between the diachronic (or chronological) and the functional (or phenomenological) interpretation of the \uabthree languages\ubb that respectively mark the age of gods, the age of heroes and the age of men in the \uabNew Science\ubb. This article reconstructs the most recent debate and, by going into some of the most relevant Vico\u2019s pages on this subject, argues in favor of a coexistence of both the interpretative perspectives

Accordo e persona nell\u2019argomentazione: il caso dell\u2019ad hominem.

Is the ad hominem argument a fallacy or not? In this paper I will try to demonstrate that an ad hominem is not intrinsically fallacious and that the speaker\u2019s personal convictions, commitments and actions are deeply involved in every argument. This paper starts with a comparison between dialectical and rhetorical approaches to the argumentation, and, in particular, to the agreement. Briefly: from a dialectical standpoint, the argumentation is aimed at resolving a difference of opinion or a disagreement. On the other hand, from the rhetorical perspective argumentation also often deals with dialogues of the deaf, with incommensurable points of view. The agreement is a key concept of Perelman\u2019s and Olbrechts-Tyteca\u2019s new rhetoric. Agreement is not only what is ensured by the argumentative process. It is also the starting point of argumentation (prior argument): all argumentation must proceed from points of agreement (e. g. common values and hierarchies). These are aspects that would be agreed upon by the audience as conceived by the orator. Therefore, the audience is part of the arguments and we cannot divide the speaker, the subject on which he speaks and the hearer. In the last part of the paper, I focus on Perelman\u2019s and Olbrects-Tyteca\u2019s snowball interrelation between act and person \u2013 which mutually affect each other in the same direction \u2013 showing the role of ethos of both orator and audience in argument. Ad hominem argument represents an important testing ground because it expressly relates with personal conduct, character, motives, etc

Determinazione dei limiti di rivelazione di agenti contaminanti in matrici biologiche e ambientali mediante spettrometria XRF

Nel presente lavoro viene descritta l’applicazione della tecnica XRF (fluorescenza a raggi X) per la determinazione di ele-menti inquinanti in matrici biologiche e ambientali. In particolare sono descritte alcune applicazioni (riconoscimento di le-ghe metalliche e metalli pesanti nel terreno, di polonio nel tabacco di sigaretta, di cromo nell’acqua e di stronzio nel latte vaccino) e per ciascuna di esse vengono individuati i limiti di rivelazione.Lo studio ha evidenziato che le principali limitazioni della metodica sono legate all’autoassorbimento del campione e che essa può essere applicata con ottimi risultatia matrici liquide come acqua e latte, con alcune limitazioni a campioni di terreno mentre non è al momento impiegabile “tal quale” per l’individuazione del polonio nel tabacco

An Analysis of Some Methods of Loading Out Delivery Trucks of Produce Wholesalers

Excerpts from the report Summary: In recent years, service wholesalers of produce have vigorously sought ways of reducing the costs of handling products through their warehouses. They are placing considerable emphasis on solving the problem of reducing the cost of assembling orders and loading trucks, because these are the most costly of all warehousing operations on a tonnage basis. Six methods used by produce wholesalers employing different types and combinations of types of materials-handling equipment for loading out are described in this report

SISTEMA ANPEQ PER L’AGGIORNAMENTO DELLA COMPETENZA PROFESSIONALE DELL’ESPERTO QUALIFICATO

Si presenta una proposta di "sistema ANPEQ per l'aggiorrnamento della competenza professionale dell'Esperto Qualificato" per la protezione dalle radiazioni ionizzanti.Il presupposto si basa sul fatto che l\u2019Esperto Qualificato una volta passato l\u2019esame per l\u2019abilitazione, oggi come oggi svolge la sua professione ma non ha pi\uf9 dei momenti di formazione/aggiornamento individuale diversi dalla formazione informale, mentre il campo in cui tale tipo di professione viene svolta prevede continue evoluzioni in campo tecnico, tecnologico, legislativo, normativo, economico e sociale ...La formarzione e l\u2019aggiornamento continuo sono la via per mantenere alta la qualit\ue0 della professione, rispondendo ad un dovere di responsabilit\ue0, etico e deontologico, nei confronti dei lavoratori e della popolazione nel lavoro che si svolge quotidianamente

Analisi dei livelli di radon presenti nei luoghi di lavoro degli enti del Ministero della Difesa in relazione ai dati nazionali disponibili

Obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di rendere noti i dati a disposizione del CISAM sul monitoraggio del gas Radon espletato per gli Enti/Reparti del Ministero della Difesa e investigare il grado di correlazione tra questi dati e quelli attualmente disponibili sul sito dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità riguardanti l’indagine nazionale espletata negli anni 1989-1998 in collaborazione con l’ex Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione Ambientale. Inoltre, un ulteriore confronto è stato condotto attraverso la comparazione degli stessi dati con quelli pervenuti da un’analisi effettuata presso gli Istituti di Credito italiani

IL-22 defines a novel immune pathway of antifungal resistance

The role of IL-17 and Th17 cells in immunity vs. pathology associated with the human commensal Candida albicans remains controversial. Both positive and negative effects on immune resistance have been attributed to IL-17/Th17 in experimental candidiasis. In this study, we provide evidence that IL-22, which is also produced by Th17 cells, has a critical, first-line defense in candidiasis by controlling the growth of infecting yeasts as well as by contributing to the host's epithelial integrity in the absence of acquired Th1-type immunity. The two pathways are reciprocally regulated, and IL-22 is upregulated under Th1 deficiency conditions and vice versa. Whereas both IL-17A and F are dispensable for antifungal resistance, IL-22 mediates protection in IL-17RA-deficient mice, in which IL-17A contributes to disease susceptibility. Thus, our findings suggest that protective immunity to candidiasis is made up of a staged response involving an early, IL-22-dominated response followed by Th1/Treg reactivity that will prevent fungal dissemination and supply memory

Italian cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality of Communication questionnaire and the 4-item advance care planning engagement questionnaire.

BackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is influenced by several factors (e.g., patient's readiness to engage, clinician's skills, and the cultural environment). Availability of reliable and valid self-reported measures of the ACP domains is crucial, including cross-cultural equivalence.AimTo culturally adapt into Italian the 19-item Quality of Communication (QOC) and the 4-item ACP Engagement (4-item ACP-E) questionnaires.MethodsWe translated and culturally adapted the two questionnaires and produced a significant other (SO) version of the QOC (QOC-SO). Each questionnaire was field tested via cognitive interviews with users: nine patients (QOC, 4-item ACP-E) and three SOs (QOC-SO) enrolled at three palliative care services.ResultsWe made minor changes to 5/19 QOC items, to improve clarity and internal consistency; we changed the response option 'didn't do' into 'not applicable'. Finally, we slightly revised the QOC to adapt it to the paper/electronic format. QOC debriefing revealed that the section on end of life was emotionally challenging for both patients and SOs. We simplified the 4-item ACP-E layout, added a sentence in the introduction, and revised the wording of one item, to improve coherence with the Italian ACP legislation. ACP-E debriefing did not reveal any major issue.ConclusionsResults were satisfactory in terms of semantic, conceptual and normative equivalence of both questionnaires. Acceptability was satisfactory for the 4-item ACP-E, while findings of the QOC cognitive debriefing informed a major amendment of a pilot trial protocol on ACP in multiple sclerosis (ConCure-SM): use of the interviewer version only, in an adaptive form. Psychometric testing of both questionnaires on a large, independent sample will follow