SABAS: A Smartphone-Aided Training Simulator based on Virtual and Augmented Reality for Brain Anatomy Assessment

Many application areas for augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) emerged with the technological advances. These technologies, which initially appeared in sectors such as entertainment and games, are now widely used in the field of health care. In this study, a traditional simulator named SABAS is designed with its all components to be used in the training of brain anatomy. The designed simulator is equipped with AR and VR supported innovative e-learning technologies in order to examine and learn the structure of the human brain, whose anatomical structure and functioning is complex, using 3D models in anatomy education. This smartphone-aided application is achieved a high level of success in examination of brain anatomy with the additional features such as interface design and application usability. After the cornerstones of this designed prototype application are presented, the required suggestions are obtained from experts and healthcare professionals and it is observed that the application worked with maximum efficiency. In the study, the effectiveness of the VR and AR aided SABAS mobile application simulator, developed to teach the anatomical structure of the brain, is evaluated based on the experiences of 30 participants who wanted to voluntarily participate in the study.</em

Two female siblings from Turkey with langer mesomelic dysplasia (homozygous Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis syndrome)

Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis is an autosomal dominant syndrome of which the characteristic features are mild-to-moderate shortness of stature and Madelung deformity of the wrist. The homozygous state of the gene for Leri-Weill syndrome causes Langer mesomelic dysplasia which is characterized mainly by shortening of the long tubular bones, more markedly in the middle than in the proximal and distal segment of the extremities. In this paper, we present two sisters with Langer mesomelic dysplasia (12 years and 6 months of age, respectively), from consanguineous parents. The mother of our cases had Madelung deformity. Father, mother and grandmother also had a slight deformity of both forearms. Unfortunately, despite the well documented case of the older sister with Langer mesomelic type dysplasia, the first and second trimester ultrasonographies of the younger sister were performed by inexperienced staff of a local urban hospital and the prenatal diagnosis of this case was not made. In this paper, we also discuss the prenatal diagnosis of Langer type mesomelic dysplasia

Synthesis, crystal structures, spectroscopic and thermal properties of silver(I) saccharinate complexes with N-donor ligands

The synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal properties and X-ray structures of four silver(I) saccharinate complexes with N-donor ligands, [Ag(sac)(edmen)] (1), [Ag(sac)(teten)] (2), [Ag-2(sac)(2)(o-bix)(2)] (3) and [Ag(sac)(dpa)] (4) (edmen = N-ethyl-N',N'-dimethylethylenediamine, teten = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, o-bix = 1,2-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene and dpa = 2,2'-dipyridylamine) are described. In complex 1, the Ag(I) ion is coordinated by two N atoms from edmen and one N atom from sac ligand, forming a slightly distorted Y-shaped AgN3 arrangement. In complex 2, the Ag(I) is four coordinated by N-bonded sac and tridentate teten ligands, exhibiting a seesaw AgN3O geometry. A crystallographically independent Ag(I) ion in 3 is surrounded with a T-shaped geometry by two N atoms from o-bix ligand and one N atom from one sac ligand, and the Ag center dot center dot center dot Ag separation is 3.338 angstrom. In complex 4, the Ag1 ion is coordinated by three nitrogen atoms from sac and dpa ligands to form a distorted Y-shaped geometry. The dpa ligand behaves as a bidentate ligand, forming a six-membered chelate ring, while the sac ligand is N-coordinated. The most striking feature of complexes 1 and 2 is the presence of both intra- and intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot Ag hydrogen-bonding interactions. Crystal packing of complexes is achieved by the hydrogen bonds, intra- and/or intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot pi, weak pi center dot center dot center dot pi and Ag center dot center dot center dot pi interactions to generate a three-dimensional supramolecular network. The photoluminescence spectrum shows that 4 displays a red-shift emission in the solid state at room temperature. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.WOS:0003071529000422-s2.0-8486378546

Akut pankreatit hastalarında ortalama trombosit hacmi

Objectives: Platelet contributed tissue damage and inflammations have been of increased interest. It was previously suggested that platelets have an important role in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to assess the mean platelet volume (MPV) which is described as an indicator of platelet activation and platelet count in patients with AP. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 30 patients with AP and 30 control subjects who were matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI). MPV values and platelet counts were measured on admission. Results: Mean platelet volume was significantly higher among patients with AP when compared with control group (8.82&plusmn;1.33 vs. 7.94&plusmn;0.54 fL respectively; p &lt; 0.01). Platelet count was significantly lower among AP patients when compared with control group (223.0&plusmn;46.2 vs. 295.3&plusmn;58.9 &times;109/L respectively; p &lt; 0.001). The level of CRP was significantly higher in patients with AP compared with control group. Platelet and MPV were correlated with serum CRP levels in correlation analysis (p&lt;0.01; r = -0.364, r = 0.406 respectively). We have shown increased MPV, an indicator of platelet activation, in patients with AP. The platelet count was found to be decreased in patients with AP. MPV values and platelet counts were correlated with serum C-reactive protein level that is known as an inflammation marker. Conclusion: In conclusion, increased MPV level in AP may be a marker for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.Amaç: Trombosit ile ilgili doku hasarı ve inflamasyon son zamanlarda ilgi çeken bir konudur. Daha önce de belirtildiği üzere, akut pankreatitli (AP) hastalarda trombosit önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bizim amacımız, AP hastalarda trombosit aktivasyonu ve trombosit sayısının belirteci olarak bildirilen MPV’yi araştırmaktır. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışma grubu 30 AP hastası ve 30 kontrol hastasından ibaret olup yaş, cinsiyet ve BMI oranları eşleştirilmiştir. MPV değerleri ve trombosit sayıları ölçüldü. Bulgular: Akut pankreatit hastalarında MPV değerleri kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında ileri derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (8.82±1.33 vs. 7.94±0.54 fL sırayla; p < 0.01). Trombosit sayısı AP hastalarda kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak düşük bulunmuştur (223.0±46.2 vs. 295.3±58.9 ×109/L sırayla; p < 0.001). C-reaktif protein seviyesi ise AP hastalarında kontrol grupla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Korelasyon analizinde trombosit ve MPV değerleri serum CRP değerleriyle korele olduğu görüldü (p < 0.01; r = -0.364, r = 0.406 sırayla). AP hastalarında trombosit aktivasyonunu gösteren MPV değerinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Trombosit sayısı ise düşük bulunmuştur. İnflamasyon belirteci olarak bilinen CRP seviyesi ise MPV değeri ve trombosit sayıları ile koreledir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, AP hastalarında artmış MPV seviyesi AP’nin teşhisi için bir markır olabilir

Osteosarcopenia: Clinical Perspective

Osteosarkopeni yaşlanma ile ilişkili iki kronik kas iskelet sistemi sorunu olan osteoporoz ve sarkopeninin birlikteliğini tanımlayan bir geriatrik sendromdur. Bu sendrom düşmelere ve kırıklara, morbidite, mortalite ve yeti yitiminde artışa ve yaşam kalitesinde azalmaya yol açabilir. Osteosarkopenin etiyopatogenezi multifaktöriyeldir; mekanik, biyokimyasal, genetik ve yaşam tarzı ile ilişkili faktörler ortaya çıkmasında önemli rollere sahiptir. Prevalansı %5 ile %37 arasında bildirilmiştir. Prevalanstaki bu değişkenlik, muhtemelen çalışma popülasyonlarındaki heterojeniteye veya farklı tanı kriterlerin kullanılmasına bağlıdır. Osteosarkopeni tanısı detaylı klinik değerlendirme (örneğin; tarama ve risk hesaplama araçları, kavrama kuvveti ölçümü, fiziksel performans testleri), laboratuvar testleri ve görüntüleme yöntemleri ile konulabilir. Osteoporoz tanısına yönelik olarak kemik mineral yoğunluğunu ölçmek için en sık kullanılan dual enerjili X-ışını absorbsiyometri yöntemidir. Sarkopenide meydana gelen iskelet kas kütlesindeki kaybı saptamak amacıyla kullanılan görüntüleme teknikleri ise dual enerjili X-ışını absorbsiyometri, bilgisayarlı tomografi, ultrasonografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntülemedir. Osteosarkopeninin tedavi seçenekleri arasında egzersiz, besin takviyeleri (protein, D vitamini, kalsiyum ve kreatin), yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve farmakolojik tedaviler yer almaktadır. Osteosarkopeni gelişiminin altında yatan mekanizmalar daha iyi anlaşıldıkça hem kası hem de kemiği hedef alan terapötik ajanların geliştirilmesi, yeni bir araştırma alanı haline gelmiştir. Bu derlemede, konuyla ilgili güncel literatür ışığında, osteosarkopenin epidemiyolojisi, patogenezi, tanı ve tedavisi özetlenmiştir.Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterised by the co-existence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, two chronic musculoskeletal conditions associated with ageing. This syndrome may lead to falls and fractures, increased morbidity, mortality and disability, and reduced quality of life. the etiopathogenesis of osteosarcopenia is multifactorial; mechanical, biochemical, genetic and lifestyle factors all play important roles. Its prevalence has been reported between 5% and 37%. the varied prevalence is likely due to the heterogeneous populations or non-unified diagnostic criteria for this syndrome. Osteosarcopenia can be diagnosed by detailed clinical assessment (e.g. screening and risk calculation tools, grip strength, physical performance tests), laboratory tests and imaging methods. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the most common method used in measuring bone mineral density for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. the imaging techniques used to detect loss of skeletal muscle mass in sarcopenia are dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment options for osteosarcopenia include exercise, nutritional supplements (protein, vitamin D, calcium and creatine), life style modifications and pharmacological therapy. With increasing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of osteosarcopenia, the development of therapeutic agents targeting both muscle and bone has become a new area of investigation. This review summarises the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcopenia in the light of the relevant literature

Severe lymphopenia in tuberculosis - A mere coincidence or a significant association?

A variety on infectious agents can cause secondary immunodeficient states. We herein present a one-year-old patient, admitted to the hospital with severe lymphopenia, who was subsequently diagnosed as tuberculosis. After the antituberculosis (anti TB) therapy was started, the clinical condition and the immunologic findings of the patient improved. We have thus concluded that the transient lymphopenia of the patient was due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We suggest that immunodeficiency should be investigated more often in children with tuberculosis and that further studies will shed light on the pathogenesis of this aspect of the disease

The megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome - Report of a case and review of the literature

The megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome is part of a spectrum of intestinal motility disorders and is characterized by abdominal distension, lax abdominal musculature, incomplete intestinal rotation, microcolon, megacystis, bilious vomiting and decreased or absent intestinal peristalsis. In this report a newborn girl with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome is reported