Economy of United Kingdom: basic characteristics and present development

Práce si klade za cíl popsat základní rysy ekonomiky Velké Británie, které ji charakterizují v kontextu současné světové ekonomiky. Dále práce popisuje vývoj ekonomiky ve vybraném časovém období pomocí analýzy vývoje vybraných ekonomických ukazatelů.This thesis describes the main charasteristics of the economy of United Kingdom in present globalized world economy. It also describes its development in selected time period by analysis of selected economic indicators

“Zhores” — Petaflops supercomputer for data-driven modeling, machine learning and artificial intelligence installed in Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology

The Petaflops supercomputer “Zhores” recently launched in the “Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering” (CDISE) of Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech) opens up new exciting opportunities for scientific discoveries in the institute especially in the areas of data-driven modeling, machine learning and artificial intelligence. This supercomputer utilizes the latest generation of Intel and NVidia processors to provide resources for the most compute intensive tasks of the Skoltech scientists working in digital pharma, predictive analytics, photonics, material science, image processing, plasma physics and many more. Currently it places 7th in the Russian and CIS TOP-50 (2019) supercomputer list. In this article we summarize the cluster properties and discuss the measured performance and usage modes of this new scientific instrument in Skoltech

CONTRIBUTORS Written by David Cortesi, based on the first edition by Jeff Fier Illustrated by Dan Young

The contents of this document may not be copied or duplicated in any form, in whol

SixTrack project: Status, runtime environment, and new developments

SixTrack is a single-particle tracking code for high-energy circular accelerators routinely used at CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), its luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC), the Future Circular Collider (FCC), and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) simulations. The code is based on a 6D symplectic tracking engine, which is optimised for long-term tracking simulations and delivers fully reproducible results on several platforms. It also includes multiple scattering engines for beam-matter interaction studies, as well as facilities to run integrated simulations with FLUKA and GEANT4. These features differentiate SixTrack from general-purpose, optics-design software like MAD-X. The code recently underwent a major restructuring to merge advanced features into a single branch, such as multiple ion species, interface with external codes, and high-performance input/output (XRootD, HDF5). This restructuring also removed a large number of build flags, instead enabling/disabling the functionality at run-time. In the process, the code was moved from Fortran 77 to Fortran 2018 standard, also allowing and achieving a better modularization. Physics models (beam-beam effects, RF-multipoles, current carrying wires, solenoid, and electron lenses) and methods (symplecticity check) have also been reviewed and refined to offer more accurate results. The SixDesk runtime environment allows the user to manage the large batches of simulations required for accurate predictions of the dynamic aperture. SixDesk supports CERN LSF and HTCondor batch systems, as well as the BOINC infrastructure in the framework of the LHC@Home volunteering computing project. SixTrackLib is a new library aimed at providing a portable and flexible tracking engine for single- and multi-particle problems using the models and formalism of SixTrack. The tracking routines are implemented in a parametrized C code that is specialised to run vectorized in CPUs and GPUs, by using SIMD intrinsics, OpenCL 1.2, and CUDA technologies. This contribution presents the status of the code and an outlook on future developments of SixTrack, SixDesk, and SixTrackLib

SixTrack Version 5: Status and new developments

SixTrack Version 5 is a major SixTrack release that introduces new features, with improved integration of the existing ones, and extensive code restructuring. New features include dynamic-memory management, scattering-routine integration, a new initial-condition module, and reviewed post-processing methods. Existing features like on-line aperture checking and Fluka-coupling are now enabled by default. Extensive performance regression tests have been developed and deployed as part of the new-release generation. The new features of the tracking environment developed for the massive numerical simulations will be discussed as well

SixTrack Version 5: Status and New Developments

SixTrack Version 5 is a major SixTrack release that introduces new features, with improved integration of the existing ones, and extensive code restructuring. New features include dynamic-memory management, scattering-routine integration, a new initial-condition module, and reviewed post-processing methods. Existing features like on-line aperture checking and Fluka-coupling are now enabled by default. Extensive performance regression tests have been developed and deployed as part of the new-release generation. The new features of the tracking environment developed for the massive numerical simulations will be discussed as well

LHC@Home: a BOINC-based volunteer computing infrastructure for physics studies at CERN

The LHC@Home BOINC project has provided computing capacity for numerical simulations to researchers at CERN since 2004, and has since 2011 been expanded with a wider range of applications. The traditional CERN accelerator physics simulation code SixTrack enjoys continuing volunteers support, and thanks to virtualisation a number of applications from the LHC experiment collaborations and particle theory groups have joined the consolidated LHC@Home BOINC project. This paper addresses the challenges related to traditional and virtualized applications in the BOINC environment, and how volunteer computing has been integrated into the overall computing strategy of the laboratory through the consolidated LHC@Home service. Thanks to the computing power provided by volunteers joining LHC@Home, numerous accelerator beam physics studies have been carried out, yielding an improved understanding of charged particle dynamics in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its future upgrades. The main results are highlighted in this paper