Flow Field in a Novel Short Residence Time Gas-solid Separator

The gas flow field in a short residence time separator was investigated. The tangential velocity in the separator housing increases with increasing angle to the positive x axis, and decreases with increasing radial position. A swirl of opposite direction to the main current in the separator housing occurs in the gas outlet

One size does not fit all : accelerating OLAP workloads with GPUs

GPU has been considered as one of the next-generation platforms for real-time query processing databases. In this paper we empirically demonstrate that the representative GPU databases [e.g., OmniSci (Open Source Analytical Database & SQL Engine,, 2019)] may be slower than the representative in-memory databases [e.g., Hyper (Neumann and Leis, IEEE Data Eng Bull 37(1):3-11, 2014)] with typical OLAP workloads (with Star Schema Benchmark) even if the actual dataset size of each query can completely fit in GPU memory. Therefore, we argue that GPU database designs should not be one-size-fits-all; a general-purpose GPU database engine may not be well-suited for OLAP workloads without careful designed GPU memory assignment and GPU computing locality. In order to achieve better performance for GPU OLAP, we need to re-organize OLAP operators and re-optimize OLAP model. In particular, we propose the 3-layer OLAP model to match the heterogeneous computing platforms. The core idea is to maximize data and computing locality to specified hardware. We design the vector grouping algorithm for data-intensive workload which is proved to be assigned to CPU platform adaptive. We design the TOP-DOWN query plan tree strategy to guarantee the optimal operation in final stage and pushing the respective optimizations to the lower layers to make global optimization gains. With this strategy, we design the 3-stage processing model (OLAP acceleration engine) for hybrid CPU-GPU platform, where the computing-intensive star-join stage is accelerated by GPU, and the data-intensive grouping & aggregation stage is accelerated by CPU. This design maximizes the locality of different workloads and simplifies the GPU acceleration implementation. Our experimental results show that with vector grouping and GPU accelerated star-join implementation, the OLAP acceleration engine runs 1.9x, 3.05x and 3.92x faster than Hyper, OmniSci GPU and OmniSci CPU in SSB evaluation with dataset of SF = 100.Peer reviewe

cDNA sequences reveal considerable gene prediction inaccuracy in the Plasmodium falciparum genome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The completion of the <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>genome represents a milestone in malaria research. The genome sequence allows for the development of genome-wide approaches such as microarray and proteomics that will greatly facilitate our understanding of the parasite biology and accelerate new drug and vaccine development. Designing and application of these genome-wide assays, however, requires accurate information on gene prediction and genome annotation. Unfortunately, the genes in the parasite genome databases were mostly identified using computer software that could make some erroneous predictions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We aimed to obtain cDNA sequences to examine the accuracy of gene prediction <it>in silico</it>. We constructed cDNA libraries from mixed blood stages of <it>P. falciparum </it>parasite using the SMART cDNA library construction technique and generated 17332 high-quality expressed sequence tags (EST), including 2198 from primer-walking experiments. Assembly of our sequence tags produced 2548 contigs and 2671 singletons <it>versus </it>5220 contigs and 5910 singletons when our EST were assembled with EST in public databases. Comparison of all the assembled EST/contigs with predicted CDS and genomic sequences in the PlasmoDB database identified 356 genes with predicted coding sequences fully covered by EST, including 85 genes (23.6%) with introns incorrectly predicted. Careful automatic software and manual alignments found an additional 308 genes that have introns different from those predicted, with 152 new introns discovered and 182 introns with sizes or locations different from those predicted. Alternative spliced and antisense transcripts were also detected. Matching cDNA to predicted genes also revealed silent chromosomal regions, mostly at subtelomere regions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data indicated that approximately 24% of the genes in the current databases were predicted incorrectly, although some of these inaccuracies could represent alternatively spliced transcripts, and that more genes than currently predicted have one or more additional introns. It is therefore necessary to annotate the parasite genome with experimental data, although obtaining complete cDNA sequences from this parasite will be a formidable task due to the high AT nature of the genome. This study provides valuable information for genome annotation that will be critical for functional analyses.</p

(1R,3S,5R,6S)-6-Acet­oxy-3-(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfon­yloxy)tropane

In the title compound [systematic name: (1R,3S,5R,6S)-8-methyl-3-(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfon­yloxy)-8-aza­bicyclo­[3.2.1]octan-6-yl acetate], C17H23NO5S, the fused piperidine ring exists in a chair conformation with the N atom and one C atom displaced by 0.876 (2) and −0.460 (3) Å, respectively, on opposite sides of the mean plane defined by the other four atoms. The fused pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the N atom deviating by 0.644 (3) Å from the mean plane of the other four atoms

(1R,3S,5R,6S)-6-Acet­oxy-8-methyl-3-(p-tolyl­sulfon­yloxy)-8-azoniabicyclo­[3.2.1]octane (2R,3R)-2,3-bis­(benzo­yloxy)-3-carboxy­propanoate

The title compound, C17H24NO5S+·C18H13O8 −, is the key inter­mediate during the preparation of lesatropane [systematic name (1R,3S,5R,6S)-6-acetoxy-3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyloxy)tropane], a potential anti­glaucoma agent. The tertiary N atom of the tropane ring is involved in inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, and the carboxylate groups are involved in inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

Trimodal Therapy: A Tumor Vascularâ Targeted Interlocking Trimodal Nanosystem That Induces and Exploits Hypoxia (Adv. Sci. 8/2018)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145503/1/advs201870048.pd

A Tumor Vascularâ Targeted Interlocking Trimodal Nanosystem That Induces and Exploits Hypoxia

Vascularâ targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a recently approved strategy for treating solid tumors. However, the exacerbated hypoxic stress makes tumor eradication challenging with such a single modality approach. Here, a new graphene oxide (GO)â based nanosystem for rationally designed, interlocking trimodal cancer therapy that enables VTP using photosensitizer verteporfin (VP) (1) with codelivery of banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) (2), a hypoxiaâ activated prodrug (HAP), and HIFâ 1α siRNA (siHIFâ 1α) (3) is reported. The VTPâ induced aggravated hypoxia is highly favorable for AQ4N activation into AQ4 (a topoisomerase II inhibitor) for chemotherapy. However, the hypoxiaâ induced HIFâ 1α acts as a â hidden brake,â through downregulating CYP450 (the dominant HAPâ activating reductases), to substantially hinder AQ4N activation. siHIFâ 1α is rationally adopted to suppress the HIFâ 1α expression upon hypoxia and further enhance AQ4N activation. This trimodal nanosystem significantly delays the growth of PCâ 3 tumors in vivo compared to the control nanoparticles carrying VP, AQ4N, or siHIFâ 1α alone or their pairwise combinations. This multimodal nanoparticle design presents, the first example exploiting VTP to actively induce hypoxia for enhanced HAP activation. It is also revealed that HAP activation is still insufficient under hypoxia due to the hidden downregulation of the HAPâ activating reductases (CYP450), and this can be well overcome by GO nanoparticleâ mediated siHIFâ 1α intervention.Vascularâ targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is integrated with hypoxiaâ activated prodrug (AQ4N) and HIFâ 1α siRNA (siHIFâ 1α) for interlocking trimodal therapy. The VTPâ induced aggravated hypoxia is exploited for efficient AQ4N activation for chemotherapy. HIFâ 1α induced by hypoxia acts as a â hidden brake,â through downregulating CYP450 reductases, to hinder AQ4N activation. siHIFâ 1α is rationally adopted to suppress HIFâ 1α expression upon VTP to enhance AQ4N activation.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145505/1/advs661-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145505/2/advs661.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145505/3/advs661_am.pd