Rational Solutions to the ABS List: Transformation Approach

In the paper we derive rational solutions for the lattice potential modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, and Q2, Q1(δ), H3(δ), H2 and H1 in the Adler-Bobenko-Suris list. Bäcklund transformations between these lattice equations are used. All these rational solutions are related to a unified τ function in Casoratian form which obeys a bilinear superposition formula

Overexpression of an activated REL mutant enhances the transformed state of the human B-lymphoma BJAB cell line and alters its gene expression profile

The human REL proto-oncogene encodes a transcription factor in the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB family. Overexpression of REL is acutely transforming in chicken lymphoid cells, but has not been shown to transform any mammalian lymphoid cell type. In this report, we show that overexpression of a highly transforming mutant of REL (RELDeltaTAD1) increases the oncogenic properties of the human B-cell lymphoma BJAB cell line, as shown by increased colony formation in soft agar, tumor formation in SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice, and adhesion. BJAB-RELDeltaTAD1 cells also show decreased activation of caspase in response to doxorubicin. BJAB-RELDeltaTAD1 cells have increased levels of active nuclear REL protein as determined by immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Overexpression of RELDeltaTAD1 in BJAB cells has transformed the gene expression profile of BJAB cells from that of a germinal center B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (GCB-DLBCL) to that of an activated B-cell subtype (ABC-DLBCL), as evidenced by increased expression of many ABC-defining mRNAs. Upregulated genes in BJAB-RELDeltaTAD1 cells include several NF-kappaB targets that encode proteins previously implicated in B-cell development or oncogenesis, including BCL2, IRF4, CD40 and VCAM1. The cell system we describe here may be valuable for further characterizing the molecular details of REL-induced lymphoma in humans.P42 ES007381 - NIEHS NIH HHS; R01 CA047763 - NCI NIH HHS; CA047763 - NCI NIH HHS; R01 CA047763-20 - NCI NIH HHS; P42 ES007381-140019 - NIEHS NIH HHS; 5 P42 ES07381 - NIEHS NIH HHS; P42 ES007381-150019 - NIEHS NIH HHS; R01 CA047763-19 - NCI NIH HH

A reconfigurable optical header recognition system for optical packet routing applications

We demonstrate a reconfigurable all-optical packet processing system. The key device is a code-reconfigurable header decoder based on a fiber Bragg grating. The performance of the system is tested for different packet headers, and error-free operation is confirmed

Rapidly reconfigurable optical phase encoder-decoders based on fiber Bragg gratings

We demonstrate the capacity for fast dynamic reconfiguration of optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) phase en/decoders based on fiber Bragg gratings and a thermal phase-tuning technique. The tuning time between two different phase codes is measured to be less than 2 s. An OCDMA system using tunable-phase decoders is compared with a system using fixed-phase decoders and, although the system using fixed-phase decoders exhibits a shorter output autocorrelation pulsewidth and lower sidelobes, the system using tunable-phase decoders has advantages of flexibility and a more relaxed requirement on the input pulsewidth

TWITTER IN THE MARKETING

We report on a compact and highly efficient diode-end-pumped TEM00 Nd:YVO4 slab laser with an output power of 103 W and beam quality M2 1.5. The optical-to-optical efficiency was 41.5%. In electro-optically Q-switched operation. 83 W of average power at a pulse-repetition rate of 50 kHz with a pulse length of 11.3 ns was obtained. At a pulse-repetition rate of 10 kHz, 5.6 mJ of pulse energy, and 870 kW of peak power were measured

PMMA based optical fiber Bragg grating for measuring moisture in transformer oil

Water contamination can cause serious problems that compromise in transformer's safe operation and reduce its lifetime. Online monitoring of moisture concentration in transformer oil would permit the control of moisture buildup. This letter presents a direct optical measurement of moisture concentration in transformer oil using a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based optical fiber Bragg grating (POFBG). The refractive index and volume of PMMA-based optical fiber vary with the moisture in the surrounding transformer oil, changing the reflecting wavelength of the grating. A sensitivity of POFBG wavelength change to moisture content of 29 pm/ppm is demonstrated in this letter, indicating detectable water content better than 0.05 ppm

Conformations of Gas-Phase Ions of Ubiquitin, Cytochrome c, Apomyoglobin, and β-Lactoglobulin Produced from Two Different Solution Conformations

At low pH in solutions of 50% methanol, proteins form expanded denatured states (the “H” state). In 90% methanol, proteins form expanded helical denatured states with artificial α-helices (the “Hc” state). Gas-phase ions of ubiquitin, cytochrome c, apomyoglobin, and native and disulfide-reduced β-lactoglobulin were formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) of the proteins from the H and Hc states in solution. Both states in solution produce the same charge states in ESI. The conformations of the ions were studied with cross section measurements and gas-phase H/D exchange experiments. The cross sections show that the ions retain considerable folded structure. For a given protein and given charge state, ions produced from the H and Hc states showed the same cross sections (within ∼1%). Ions of cytochrome c, apomyoglobin, and native and reduced β-lactoglobulin of a given charge state showed no differences in H/D exchange level when produced from the H or Hc state. However, ubiquitin ions produced from the Hc state consistently exchange fewer (∼13%) hydrogens than ions produced from the H state, suggesting that in this case the gas-phase protein ions retain some memory of their solution conformations

Water vapour effects of cyclic oxidation on Fe-Cr alloys

Fe-Cr alloys (Cr: 9-30 wt%) were subjected to cyclic oxidation in Ar-20%O2, Ar-20%O2-5%H2O and Ar-10%H2-5%H2O (partial pressure of oxygen, pO2 = 1.1 ¥ 10-16atm). Oxidation weight change measurement showed that in general, increasing Cr content reduced the oxidation rate. At Cr 25%, the weight gain became very low due to formation of Cr2O3 layer. Adding 5%H2O to Ar-20%O2 accelerated the oxidation rate of alloys with Cr < 20%. However, this accelerating effect did not appear in high chromium content alloys. XRD analysis showed that for alloys with Cr < 20%, wustite and spinel were formed at low pO2, while at high pO2, hematite, iron oxide and spinel were formed. For high Cr content alloy only Cr2O3 was detected. Cross-section analysis showed that the spinel was formed by internal oxidation. The thickness and size of this internal oxide zone increased with increasing Cr content. A dense chromia layer was observed when the Cr content was above 25%. The oxides scales formed in water vapour were more porous and less compact than the scale formed in dry oxygen. The accelerating effect of water vapour on Fe-Cr oxidation is discussed in terms of gas-solid interactions

Remotely tuneable optical filter based on polymer fibre Bragg grating

We propose a remotely tuneable optical Bragg grating filter written in polymer optical fibre (POF). Fibre optical pumping in the fibre's absorption bands increases the fibre temperature, which causes a negative wavelength change of the POF Bragg grating. By choosing a proper pumping wavelength remote tuning of the optical filter can be readily realized without changing the gain of the optical signal

Improved time response for polymer fibre Bragg grating based humidity sensors

In this work we experimentally investigate the response time of humidity sensors based on polymer optical fibre (POF) Bragg gratings. By the use of etching with acetone we can control the diameter of POF based on poly (methyl methacrylate) in order to reduce the diffusion time of water into the polymer and hence speed up the relative wavelength change caused by humidity variations. A much improved response time of 11 minutes has been achieved by using a POF FBG with a reduced diameter of 135 microns