Em torno da pintura holandesa seiscentista

A pintura holandesa do século XVII ver-se-ia mal situa-da entre as escolas européias caso a estética de conteúdo que lhe é contemporânea significasse ainda qualquer coisa. Com -efeito, pouco poderia pretender, a pintura de gênero da nação setentrional no confrônto com as representações alegóricas, -os temas heróicos, trágicos, virtuosos ou meramente narrati-vos da mitologia, da história e da religião, desenvolvidos lar-gamente por outros ateliês. A extraordinária série de retra-tos, paisagens e naturezas-mortas dessa escola não daria maior carga expressiva à sua contribuição subestimada pelos autori-tários critérios escolásticos

Jeff Golyscheff e as Dificuldades de sua Recuperação

O achado da partitura extraviada do "Trio paro cordas", de 1914, pelo Instituto de Musicologia de Colônia e sua divulgação pela rádio alemã, no início dos anos de 1960, contribuíram decisivamente para a redescoberta do compositor Jeff Golyscheff. Dispõe-se hoje de um registro fundamental de sua produção - embora de teor quase exclusivamente nominal - com um ponto de partida nessa obra escrita para violino, viola e violoncelo, que o fez um dos criadores da música dodecafônica, ao lado de Joseph Mathias Hauer. A esse trabalho inovador, publicado em 1925, em que emprega o princípio da "durata ", recorrendo a elementos seriais e estocásticos, sucederam-se outras peças de vanguarda: as duas óperas escritas em 1915-6: "Cyrano de Bergerac" e "Oper"; músicas de câmara, peças de canto e o poema sinfônico com o título irreverente de "Das eisige Lied, Dauer eine Stunde und 40 Minuten" (contendo uma parte de características prenunciadoras do happening. Num outro momento, ele comporia músicas para os primeiros filmes sonoros alemães e russos. Igualmente, é ele o autor da "Antisinfonia", cujas dissonâncias aturdiram o público em evento do Club Dada de Berlim, em 1919. Entre os seus maiores incentivadores achava-se Ferruccio Busoni. É uma infelicidade que, à exceção do "Trio para cordas ", nenhuma outra de suas partituras subsistisse (ou reaparecesse)

Making the GRADE (GRading and Admissions Data for England)

Objectives To provide a data owner’s perspective into the journey to create GRADE, an Ofqual-DfE-UCAS linked administrative dataset, and to make it available for independent research. Moving from the ethical principles underpinning the sharing of data and through multiple strands of the project, we will draw lessons to inform best practice. Methods Areas of research interest were used as drivers to define the content of GRADE. To ensure that research questions of relevance to both policy makers and scholars could be addressed, we established an advisory committee including key representatives of the statistical, research, and educational policy communities. Thanks to the collaboration with technical staff from participating organisations, the data was linked to ensure that students’ anonymised data could be tracked across different data sources. We then focused on supporting external research by producing metadata and supplementary documentation, as well as establishing independent funding provision for projects using the GRADE data. Results The internal research conducted was helpful to inform policy development and to test the data. The GRADE data was created and made available to external researchers. A data sharing framework was published to describe, at high-level, the content of the data and its potential use, as well as to set out how to access this rich source of micro-data. Detailed data specifications have been made available, alongside a low-fidelity synthetic version of the data. Numerous research projects based on the GRADE data are currently underway and preliminary findings are already being disseminated. More research is being planned, based on an upcoming refreshed version of the GRADE data. Significant funding has been made available for external researchers to conduct independent work. Conclusion Creating, combining, and sharing administrative data is not an easy task. Engagement with researchers and the wider community is necessary from the beginning of the project. It is a considerable investment, with potentially high returns, but also significant costs, and the output produced must align with policy and research priorities

The general results of the RN4CAST survey in Italy

The issue of health workforce shortage and in particular of nurses, has been debated globally for almost three decades (Aiken & Mullinix 1987, Aiken et al. 1996, 2001, 2010), and has been exacerbated by the recent global financial crisis. The European RN4CAST project has shifted focus from considering only nursing workforce planning and workforce volumes to considering the impact of adequate nurse-patient ratios and work environment on patient safety and the quality of care (Sermeus et al. 2011)

WSES classification and guidelines for liver trauma

The severity of liver injuries has been universally classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grading scale. In determining the optimal treatment strategy, however, the haemodynamic status and associated injuries should be considered. Thus the management of liver trauma is ultimately based on the anatomy of the injury and the physiology of the patient. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of liver trauma and the management Guidelines

Evaluation of recombinant human interferon beta 1b by liquid chromatography methods and bioassay

Recombinant human interferon beta 1b (rhIFNβ−1b) is clinically used to treat multiple sclerosis. A reversed−phase liquid chromatography (RP−LC) method was carried out on a Jupiter C4 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.). The mobile phase A consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water, and the mobile phase B was acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. A size exclusion liquid chromatography (SE−LC) method was carried out on a BioSep−SEC−S 2000 column (300 mm × 7.8 mm i.d.). The mobile phase consisted of 1 mM monobasic potassium phosphate, 8 mM sodium phosphate dibasic and 200 mM sodium chloride buffer pH 7.4, run isocratically at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Retention times were 31.87 and 17.78 min, and calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1−200 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9998) and 0.50−200 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9999), respectively, for RP−LC and SE−LC, with detection at 214 nm. Liquid chromatography (LC) methods were validated and employed in conjunction with the in vitro bioassay to assess the content/potency of rhIFNβ-1b, contributing to improve the quality control and to ensure the efficacy of the biotherapeutic