Quasiparticles as composite objects in the RVB superconductor

We study the nature of the superconducting state, the origin of d-wave pairing, and elementary excitations of a resonating valence bond (RVB) superconductor. We show that the phase string formulation of the t-J model leads to confinement of bare spinon and holon excitations in the superconducting state, though the vacuum is described by the RVB state. Nodal quasiparticles are obtained as composite excitations of spinon and holon excitations. The d-wave pairing symmetry is shown to arise from short range antiferromagnetic correlations

Spectral function of the electron in a superconducting RVB state

We present a model calculation of the spectral function of an electron in a superconducting resonating valence bond (RVB) state. The RVB state, described by the phase-string mean field theory is characterized by three important features: (i) spin-charge separation, (ii) short range antiferromagnetic correlations, and (iii) holon condensation. The results of our calculation are in good agreement with data obtained from Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) in superconducting Bi 2212 at optimal doping concentration.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Plasmid encoding matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis viruses as an antitumor agent inhibiting rat glioma growth in situ

Aim: Oncolytic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been proved previously. Aim of the study is to investigate glioma inhibition effect of Matrix (M) protein of VSV in situ. Materials and Methods: A recombinant plasmid encoding VSV M protein (PM) was genetically engineered, and then transfected into cultured C6 gliomas cells in vitro. C6 transfected with Liposome-encapsulated PM (LEPM) was implanted intracranially for tumorigenicity study. In treatment experiment, rats were sequentially established intracranial gliomas with wild-typed C6 cells, and accepted LEPM injection intravenously. Possible mechanism of M protein was studied by using Hoechst staining, PI-stained flow cytometric analysis, TUNEL staining and CD31 staining. Results: M protein can induce generous gliomas lysis in vitro. None of the rats implanted with LEPM-treated cells developed any significant tumors, whereas all rats in control group developed tumors. In treatment experiment, smaller tumor volume and prolonged survival time was found in the LEPM-treated group. Histological studies revealed that possible mechanism were apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis. Conclusion: VSV-M protein can inhibit gliomas growth in vitro and in situ, which indicates such a potential novel biotherapeutic strategy for glioma treatment.Цель: изучить способность матриксного протеина (М протеина) вируса везикулярного стоматита (ВВС) угнетать рост глиомы in situ. Материалы и методы: сконструирована рекомбинантная плазмида, кодирующая М протеин ВВС, которая затем была трансфецирована в культивированные клетки глиомы С6 in. Клетки глиомы С6, трансфецированные инкапсулированным в липосомы М протеином (ЛИМП), имплантировали интракраниально для изучения туморогенности. В эксперименте крысам с трансплантированной интракраниально глиомой С6 (исходный штамм) внутривенно вводили ЛИМП. Апоптотическое действие М протеина на опухолевые клетки изучали с применением флуоресценцентной микроскопии (окрашивание по Хехсту), проточной цитометрии (окрашивание пропидиумом йодидом), TUNEL васкуляризацию опухоли оценивали гистологически и васкуляризацию опухоли оценивали гистологически и иммуногистохимически с применением анти-CD31 моноклональных антител. 31 моноклональных антител. 31 моноклональных антител. Результаты: М протеин может индуцировать лизис клеток глиомы in. Ни у одного животного с трансплантированными клетками глиомы, обработанными ЛИМП, не возникали опухоли значительного размера, тогда как у всех крыс из контрольной группы опухоли развивались. В группе животных, которым вводили ЛИМП, опухоли были меньшего объема и отмечали увеличение продолжительности жизни животных. Показано, что М протеин проявляет антиангиогенные свойства и обладает способностью индуцировать апоптоз. Выводы: М протеин ВВС ингибирует рост глиомы in и in. На этой основе может быть разработана потенциально новая биотерапевтическая стратегия для лечения пациентов с глиомами

Some recent developments in quantization of fractal measures

We give an overview on the quantization problem for fractal measures, including some related results and methods which have been developed in the last decades. Based on the work of Graf and Luschgy, we propose a three-step procedure to estimate the quantization errors. We survey some recent progress, which makes use of this procedure, including the quantization for self-affine measures, Markov-type measures on graph-directed fractals, and product measures on multiscale Moran sets. Several open problems are mentioned.Comment: 13 page

Matter rogue wave in Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive atomic interaction

We investigate the matter rogue wave in Bose-Einstein Condensates with attractive interatomic interaction analytically and numerically. Our results show that the formation of rogue wave is mainly due to the accumulation of energy and atoms toward to its central part; Rogue wave is unstable and the decay rate of the atomic number can be effectively controlled by modulating the trapping frequency of external potential. The numerical simulation demonstrate that even a small periodic perturbation with small modulation frequency can induce the generation of a near-ideal matter rogue wave. We also give an experimental protocol to observe this phenomenon in Bose-Einstein Condensates

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and / or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota

Solution of a forward-backward heat equation

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A review on restorative control in interconnected grids under electricity market environment

Requirements of modern inter-connected grids on restorative control are first clarified, followed by a summary on state-of-the-art of researches on the bottom-up, top-down and hybrid restoration strategies. From both technical and economic prospects, functions of a decision support system are pointed out. Based on risk analysis, an adaptive decision support system is proposed, influence of electricity market environment on blackstar-t service analyzed, and coordination between risk management and technical optimization discussed. In addition, it is emphasized that the technical performance of the startup service and the risk cost of blackout can be expressed by quantitative indices and added into the objective function for the optimization