1,992 research outputs found
Tensorial hydrodynamic slip
We describe a tensorial generalization of the Navier slip boundary condition
and illustrate its use in solving for flows around anisotropic textured
surfaces. Tensorial slip can be derived from molecular or microstructural
theories or simply postulated as an constitutive relation, subject to certain
general constraints on the interfacial mobility. The power of the tensor
formalism is to capture complicated effects of surface anisotropy, while
preserving a simple fluid domain. This is demonstrated by exact solutions for
laminar shear flow and pressure-driven flow between parallel plates of
arbitrary and different textures. From such solutions, the effects of rotating
a texture follow from simple matrix algebra. Our results may be useful to
extracting local slip tensors from global measurements, such as the
permeability of a textured channel or the force required to move a patterned
surface, in experiments or simulations.Comment: 10 page
Study of the Influence of Meals of Wheat and Oat Germs and Wild Rose Fruits on the Fermenting Microflora Activity of Rye-wheat Dough
The aim of the research was to study an influence of meals of wheat germs (WGM) and oat germs (OGM) in amount 10…20 %, and also ones of wild rose fruits (WRFM) in amount 2…6 % of the total mass of flour on the fermenting microflora of rye-wheat dough; and also to establish an influence of the experimental supplements on main microbiological processes in it.It has been established, that adding experimental meals favors the activation of bakery yeast. At introducing WGM, OGM and WRFM, its lifting force grows by 16.0–54.0, 6.0–18.0, 10.0–44.0 % respectively, and zymase and Maltase activity – by 16.0–53.3, 6.0–17.7 and 11.1–44.0 % and 18.8–55.0, 6.3 31.3 and 7.5–25.0 % respectively. It has been established, that there also takes place the activity increase of lactate bacteria in rye-wheat dough with adding meals of wheat, oat germs and wild rose fruits. It is possible at the expanse of adding an additional nutritive medium with the supplements.Such action of enriching raw materials on the microflora favors intensification of alcoholic and lactate fermentation that is established by data of acid accumulation and gas formation in rye-wheat dough. The counted indices at introducing WGM, OGM, WRFM increase by 39.0, 27.8, 33.9 % and 18.2, 13.6, 16.7 % respectively
Transverse flow in thin superhydrophobic channels
We provide some general theoretical results to guide the optimization of
transverse hydrodynamic phenomena in superhydrophobic channels. Our focus is on
the canonical micro- and nanofluidic geometry of a parallel-plate channel with
an arbitrary two-component (low-slip and high-slip) coarse texture, varying on
scales larger than the channel thickness. By analyzing rigorous bounds on the
permeability, over all possible patterns, we optimize the area fractions, slip
lengths, geometry and orientation of the surface texture to maximize transverse
flow. In the case of two aligned striped surfaces, very strong transverse flows
are possible. Optimized superhydrophobic surfaces may find applications in
passive microfluidic mixing and amplification of transverse electrokinetic
phenomena.Comment: 4 page
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Time to Cure of Incontinence Present at Nursing Home Admission
Abstract
As many as half of older people that are admitted to nursing homes (NHs) are incontinent of urine and/or feces. Not much is known about the rate of cure of incontinence present at NH admission, but available reports suggest the rate is low. There have been racial and ethnic disparities in incontinence treatment, but the role of disparities in the cure of incontinence is understudied. Using the Peters-Belson method and multilevel predictors, our findings showed that there were disparities in the time to cure of incontinence for Hispanic NH admissions. A significantly smaller proportion of older Hispanic admissions were observed to have their incontinence cured and cured later than expected had they been White non-Hispanic. Reducing disparities in incontinence cure will improve health outcomes of Hispanic NH admissions. Significant predictors in our model suggest strategies to reduce the disparity including attention to managing fecal incontinence and incontinence in those with cognitive impairment, improving residents’ functional status, and increasing resources to NHs admitting older Hispanics with incontinence to develop innovative and cost effective ways to provide equitable quality care
Effective slip over superhydrophobic surfaces in thin channels
Superhydrophobic surfaces reduce drag by combining hydrophobicity and
roughness to trap gas bubbles in a micro- and nanoscopic texture. Recent work
has focused on specific cases, such as striped grooves or arrays of pillars,
with limited theoretical guidance. Here, we consider the experimentally
relevant limit of thin channels and obtain rigorous bounds on the effective
slip length for any two-component (e.g. low-slip and high-slip) texture with
given area fractions. Among all anisotropic textures, parallel stripes attain
the largest (or smallest) possible slip in a straight, thin channel for
parallel (or perpendicular) orientation with respect to the mean flow. For
isotropic (e.g. chessboard or random) textures, the Hashin-Strikman conditions
further constrain the effective slip. These results provide a framework for the
rational design of superhydrophobic surfaces.Comment: 4+ page
Daily Calorie Intake, Level of Physical Activity and Morphological Status of Children and Adolescents in Three Cities of Russian Federation
The study is devoted to identifying the intergroup variability of morphological characteristics, body composition, in-dicators of physical activity and nutritional status in modern adolescents of the cities of Elista, Arkhangelsk and Moscow. The increased body weight of Arkhangelsk adolescents of both sexes determines the high values of basal metabolic rates in this group. At the same time, a low level of physical activity has a negative effect on the development of the musculo-skeletal component, that is, increased body weight values are associated in this group to a greater extent with its fat component. Residents of Moscow have intermediate values among the three groups surveyed for most morphological in-dicators and minimum indicators of exchange. However, it is this group that is characterized by the maximum amount of time allocated to physical activity. The results obtained indirectly indicate the presence of a certain level of socio-eco-nomic differences in the surveyed cities
CMB and Lyman- constraints on dark matter decays to photons
Dark matter energy injection in the early universe modifies both the
ionization history and the temperature of the intergalactic medium. In this
work, we improve the CMB bounds on sub-keV dark matter and extend previous
bounds from Lyman- observations to the same mass range, resulting in
new and competitive constraints on axion-like particles (ALPs) decaying into
two photons. The limits depend on the underlying reionization history, here
accounted self-consistently by our modified version of the publicly available
{\tt DarkHistory} and {\tt CLASS} codes. Future measurements such as the ones
from the CMB-S4 experiment may play a crucial, leading role in the search for
this type of light dark matter candidates.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, Version to appear on JCAP. Our modified version
of CLASS is available at https://github.com/llopezho/CLASS_DMdeca
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