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When users control the algorithms: Values expressed in practices on the twitter platform
Recent interest in ethical AI has brought a slew of values, including fairness, into conversations about technology design. Research in the area of algorithmic fairness tends to be rooted in questions of distribution that can be subject to precise formalism and technical implementation. We seek to expand this conversation to include the experiences of people subject to algorithmic classification and decision-making. By examining tweets about the “Twitter algorithm” we consider the wide range of concerns and desires Twitter users express. We find a concern with fairness (narrowly construed) is present, particularly in the ways users complain that the platform enacts a political bias against conservatives. However, we find another important category of concern, evident in attempts to exert control over the algorithm. Twitter users who seek control do so for a variety of reasons, many well justified. We argue for the need for better and clearer definitions of what constitutes legitimate and illegitimate control over algorithmic processes and to consider support for users who wish to enact their own collective choices
On effects of regular S=1 dilution of S=1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains by a quantum Monte Carlo simulation
The effects of regular S=1 dilution of S=1/2 isotropic antiferromagnetic
chain are investigated by the quantum Monte Carlo loop/cluster algorithm. Our
numerical results show that there are two kinds of ground-state phases which
alternate with the variation of concentration. When the effective spin
of a unit cell is half-integer, the ground state is ferrimagnetic with gapless
energy spectrum and the magnetism becomes weaker with decreasing of the
concentration . While it is integer, a non-magnetic ground state
with gaped spectrum emerges and the gap gradually becomes narrowed as fitted by
a relation of .Comment: 6 pages, 9 figure
Complete loss of case and gender within two generations: evidence from Stamford Hill Hasidic Yiddish
Yiddish was the everyday language spoken by most Central and East European Jews during the last millennium. As a result of the extreme loss of speakers during the Holocaust, subsequent geographic dispersal, and lack of institutional support, Yiddish is now an endangered language. Yet it continues to be a native and daily language for Haredi (strictly Orthodox) Jews, who live in close-knit communities worldwide. We have conducted the first study of the linguistic characteristics of the Yiddish spoken in the community in London’s Stamford Hill. While Krogh (in: Aptroot, Aptroot et al. (eds.) Leket: Yiddish studies today, Düsseldorf University Press, Düsseldorf, pp 483–506, 2012), Assouline (in: Aptroot, Hansen (eds.) Yiddish language structures, De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, pp 39–62, 2014), and Sadock and Masor (J Jew Lang 6(1):89–110, 2018), investigating other Hasidic Yiddish-speaking communities, observe what they describe as morphological syncretism, in this paper we defend the claim that present-day Stamford Hill Hasidic Yiddish lacks morphological case and gender completely. We demonstrate that loss of morphological case and gender is the result of substantial language change over the course of two generations: while the case and gender system of the spoken medium was already beginning to undergo morphological syncretism and show some variation prior to World War II, case and gender distinctions were clearly present in the mental grammar of both Hasidic and non-Hasidic speakers of the relevant Yiddish dialects at that stage. We conclude the paper by identifying some of the language-internal, sociolinguistic and historical factors that have contributed to such rapid and pervasive language change, and compare the developments in Stamford Hill Hasidic Yiddish to those of minority German dialects in North America
Game saturation of intersecting families
We consider the following combinatorial game: two players, Fast and Slow,
claim -element subsets of alternately, one at each turn,
such that both players are allowed to pick sets that intersect all previously
claimed subsets. The game ends when there does not exist any unclaimed
-subset that meets all already claimed sets. The score of the game is the
number of sets claimed by the two players, the aim of Fast is to keep the score
as low as possible, while the aim of Slow is to postpone the game's end as long
as possible. The game saturation number is the score of the game when both
players play according to an optimal strategy. To be precise we have to
distinguish two cases depending on which player takes the first move. Let
and denote the score of
the saturation game when both players play according to an optimal strategy and
the game starts with Fast's or Slow's move, respectively. We prove that
holds
Translating Covid-19 information into Yiddish for the UK Hasidic community
This article documents a recent project translating COVID-19 information into Yiddish for the benefit of the Hasidic Jewish communities in London’s Stamford Hill and in Manchester in the UK. The translation work developed as a response to the urgent need for Yiddish-language resources specifically designed for the Hasidic community near the beginning of the pandemic. The translations were undertaken by a team consisting of linguists and native speakers of Hasidic Yiddish and took place within the framework of a research project funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council, dedicated to linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis of contemporary Hasidic Yiddish worldwide. In this article we discuss the sociolinguistic background to the translations and investigate the reasons why they were so urgently needed, before going on to address the issues encountered during the course of the translation process and the decisions taken in order to resolve them. These issues include the type of Yiddish chosen for the translations, the translation of medical terminology, gender-based linguistic differences affecting the translations, and specific cultural considerations that needed to be taken into account
On the Largest Singular Values of Random Matrices with Independent Cauchy Entries
We apply the method of determinants to study the distribution of the largest
singular values of large real rectangular random matrices with
independent Cauchy entries. We show that statistical properties of the
(rescaled by a factor of \frac{1}{m^2\*n^2})largest singular values agree in
the limit with the statistics of the inhomogeneous Poisson random point process
with the intensity and, therefore, are different
from the Tracy-Widom law. Among other corollaries of our method we show an
interesting connection between the mathematical expectations of the
determinants of complex rectangular standard Wishart ensemble
and real rectangular standard Wishart ensemble.Comment: We have shown in the revised version that the statistics of the
largest eigenavlues of a sample covariance random matrix with i.i.d. Cauchy
entries agree in the limit with the statistics of the inhomogeneous Poisson
random point process with the intensity $\frac{1}{\pi} x^{-3/2}.
Relationships between the planetary boundary layer height and surface pollutants derived from lidar observations over China: regional pattern and influencing factors
The frequent occurrence of severe air pollution episodes
in China has been a great concern and thus the focus of intensive studies.
Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is a key factor in the vertical
mixing and dilution of near-surface pollutants. However, the relationship
between PBLH and surface pollutants, especially particulate matter (PM)
concentration across China, is not yet well understood. We investigate this
issue at ∼ 1600 surface stations using PBLH derived from
space-borne and ground-based lidar, and discuss the influence of topography
and meteorological variables on the PBLH–PM relationship. Albeit the PBLH–PM
correlations are roughly negative for most cases, their magnitude,
significance, and even sign vary considerably with location, season, and
meteorological conditions. Weak or even uncorrelated PBLH–PM relationships
are found over clean regions (e.g., Pearl River Delta), whereas nonlinearly
negative responses of PM to PBLH evolution are found over polluted regions
(e.g., North China Plain). Relatively strong PBLH–PM interactions are found
when the PBLH is shallow and PM concentration is high, which typically
corresponds to wintertime cases. Correlations are much weaker over the
highlands than the plains regions, which may be associated with lighter
pollution loading at higher elevations and contributions from mountain
breezes. The influence of horizontal transport on surface PM is considered
as well, manifested as a negative correlation between surface PM and wind
speed over the whole nation. Strong wind with clean upwind air plays a
dominant role in removing pollutants, and leads to obscure PBLH–PM
relationships. A ventilation rate is used to jointly consider horizontal and
vertical dispersion, which has the largest impact on surface pollutant
accumulation over the North China Plain. As such, this study contributes to
improved understanding of aerosol–planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions and thus our ability
to forecast surface air pollution.</p
Magnetic and thermal properties of 4f-3d ladder-type molecular compounds
We report on the low-temperature magnetic susceptibilities and specific heats
of the isostructural spin-ladder molecular complexes L[M(opba)]_{3\cdot
xDMSOHO, hereafter abbreviated with LM (where L =
La, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and M = Cu, Zn). The results show that the Cu containing
complexes (with the exception of LaCu) undergo long range magnetic
order at temperatures below 2 K, and that for GdCu this ordering is
ferromagnetic, whereas for TbCu and DyCu it is probably
antiferromagnetic. The susceptibilities and specific heats of TbCu
and DyCu above have been explained by means of a model
taking into account nearest as well as next-nearest neighbor magnetic
interactions. We show that the intraladder L--Cu interaction is the predominant
one and that it is ferromagnetic for L = Gd, Tb and Dy. For the cases of Tb, Dy
and Ho containing complexes, strong crystal field effects on the magnetic and
thermal properties have to be taken into account. The magnetic coupling between
the (ferromagnetic) ladders is found to be very weak and is probably of dipolar
origin.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Visual Thinking Process and Emotions Through Expressive Art
Background: Drawing has a therapeutic function in the lives of people with special needs.These people need additional support for communication and learning.Researchers believed that drawing is an effective way for these people to show their self-esteem, emotions, social competence, and other hidden personalities. Art therapy teaches knowledge of visual art (drawing and painting). It is also known as expressive art because it assists in dealing with some emotions that are difficult for verbal communication. Furthermore, art therapy is beneficial for fine motor skill development. The aim of this study was to explore the use of expressive art in a group of autistic people.
Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study. A series of art therapy workshop were conducted in University of Malaya in collaboration with Malaysian Rehabilitation Council, and Maybank Foundation. A number of 18 people aged 8-17 years old with autism from Malaysian Rehabilitation Council were invited to University of Malaya for the art therapy workshop. They consisted of Malays, Chinese, and Indians. These peoplehad some level of communication problems. Art therapy workshop was conducted twice a month for 6 month with each session lasted for 4 hours. Art template, art materials, and a list of activities were given to each participant. Before the session, the participants informed the researchers verbally the scope of art that they would be drawing. The researchers observed the thinking process and emotions of the participants through the art activities.
Results: Some of the art work was not related to what they have mentioned earlier. We found that art demonstrated their thought process. Drawing was more accurate in visualizing their thinking process rather than verbal communication. Besides, we detected a range of emotions illustrated from their final art work. Some of the emotions were psychological distress, happiness, and sadness.
Conclusion: Expressive artis useful for visualizing thinking process of autistic people.
Keywords: art therapy, autistic, visual thinking, emotions, expressive ar
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