23,931 research outputs found
Momentum Distribution of Near-Zero-Energy Photoelectrons in the Strong-Field Tunneling Ionization in the Long Wavelength Limit
We investigate the ionization dynamics of Argon atoms irradiated by an
ultrashort intense laser of a wavelength up to 3100 nm, addressing the momentum
distribution of the photoelectrons with near-zero-energy. We find a surprising
accumulation in the momentum distribution corresponding to meV energy and a
\textquotedblleft V"-like structure at the slightly larger transverse momenta.
Semiclassical simulations indicate the crucial role of the Coulomb attraction
between the escaping electron and the remaining ion at extremely large
distance. Tracing back classical trajectories, we find the tunneling electrons
born in a certain window of the field phase and transverse velocity are
responsible for the striking accumulation. Our theoretical results are
consistent with recent meV-resolved high-precision measurements.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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Experimental and numerical study on square RACFST members under lateral impact loading
In this paper, experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RA C) filled square steel tubular m embers under lateral impact loading. A total of eleven specimens, including eight RAC filled steel tubular (RACFST) specimens and three normal concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) counterparts, were tested using drop-weight impact test rigs with fixed boundary conditions at both ends. T he parameters studied were: recycled coarse aggregate (RA) replacemen t ratio, axial compressive load ratio and height of the drop-weight. The failure mode and local damages of the specimens were extens ively investigated. The experimental results show that square RACFST specimens have the almost equivalent lateral impact resistance as normal CFST counter parts. Failure mode of steel tube is commonly indentation at the impacted area and buckling at the compression side of the secti on near the mid-span and the supports. Cracking under tension as well as crushed under compression of core concrete are observed at the mid-span and the location near the supports. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was also developed for simulating the performance of square RACFST members under lateral impact loading, and the predicted responses using the FEA model were in good agreement with the experimental results
Molecular evolution of the sheep prion protein gene
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are infectious, fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by aggregates of modified forms of the prion protein (PrP) in the central nervous system. Well known examples include variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) in humans, BSE in cattle, chronic wasting disease in deer and scrapie in sheep and goats. In humans, sheep and deer, disease susceptibility is determined by host genotype at the prion protein gene (PRNP). Here I examine the molecular evolution of PRNP in ruminants and show that variation in sheep appears to have been maintained by balancing selection, a profoundly different process from that seen in other ruminants. Scrapie eradication programs such as those recently implemented in the UK, USA and elsewhere are based on the assumption that PRNP is under positive selection in response to scrapie. If, as these data suggest, that assumption is wrong, eradication programs will disrupt this balancing selection, and may have a negative impact on the fitness or scrapie resistance of national flocks
Nonperturbative signatures in pair production for general elliptic polarization fields
The momentum signatures in nonperturbative multiphoton pair production for
general elliptic polarization electric fields are investigated by employing the
real-time Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism. For a linearly polarized electric
field we find that the positions of the nodes in momenta spectra of created
pairs depend only on the electric field frequency. The polarization of external
fields could not only change the node structures or even make the nodes
disappear but also change the thresholds of pair production. The momentum
signatures associated to the node positions in which the even-number-photon
pair creation process is forbid could be used to distinguish the orbital
angular momentum of created pairs on the momenta spectra. These distinguishable
momentum signatures could be relevant for providing the output information of
created particles and also the input information of ultrashort laser pulses.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Europhysics Letter
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