18 research outputs found

    Cretaceous palynostratigraphy of Southeastern Anatollia, Turkey

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    XV lnternational A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynolog

    graben system, Denizli - Saraykoy, western Turkey

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    The KB-5 well is located at the intersection of the geothermally active Menderes and Gediz graben systems in western Turkey. Significant volumes of "petroleum-like material" (PLM) with its associated thermal water (120 degrees C) erupted onto the surface during drilling from a depth of 120-132 m (i.e., from the claystone and marl-rich Early to Middle Pliocene Kolonkoya formation). The purpose of this paper is: (1) to characterize this PLM, (2) to assess the source characteristics from which the PLM was likely generated, and (3) to recognize the generation mechanism considering the geothermal-gradual versus the hydrothermal-rapid processes. Analytical organic geochemistry using thin layer chromatographic separation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out. The PLM is composed primarily of polar NSO compounds + asphaltenes (77%). This feature is similar to hydrothermal petroleums (e.g., Calcite Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming). The PLM shows n-alkanes ranging from n-C-19 to n-C-38 (i.e., with a maximum at n-C-30) but n-alkanes are depleted in %C-27 alpha alpha alpha R] suggest that the PLM is a petroleum and was most likely generated from a Tertiary source rock with a carbonate-clay-rich lithology. The source organic matter was predominantly terrestrial and bacterial detritus deposited in relatively saline - anoxic environmental conditions. Maturity sensitive biomarker parameters (i.e., T-m > T-s; C-29 sterane 20S/(20S + 20R)=0.35; C-32 hopane 22S/(22S+22R)=0.57; low diasterane/regular sterane ratio) correspond to a maturity level of approximately 0.50-0.60% R-o. This level of maturation could not be reached by such a young (Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene) and shallow sedimentary column (max. 600 m) in the absence of "instantaneous" hydrothermal activity. PAHs are not detectable, but series of alkylbenzenes, alkyltoluenes, alk-1-enes and triaromatic steranes are present. The lack of organic richness and maturity in the drilled section of the KB-5 well indicates that the petroleum was generated in the deeper sections of the formation. The temperature profile of the well and composition of the hydrocarbons in the petroleum suggest that the temperature of the hydrothermal activity during hydrocarbon generation was < 180 degrees C. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

    Endocrine Complications and the Effect of Compliance with Chelation Therapy in Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

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    Fatema Habbash,&ast; Wegdan Al-Bati,&ast; Howra Al-Hashim,&ast; Maryam Aldossari,&ast; Ahmed Alali, Khalid Alalyani, Zainab Al-Ebrahim, Nouf Hamed, Samma Eraqe, Ziyad Binayfan, Azzam Al Marri, Thamer Aljaber Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Maryam Aldossari, Tel +966 558322420, Email [email protected]: Endocrinopathies and metabolic complications are common in beta thalassemia major patients receiving blood transfusions. Chelation therapy has a role in preventing or delaying such complications. However, patients may face difficulties adhering to chelation therapy for several reasons.Aim: To evaluate endocrine complications in beta thalassemia major patients (2– 30 years) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and compare the onset of endocrine complications among compliant and noncompliant patients. Moreover, we assessed the barriers that hinder compliance with chelating therapy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 patients (43 males and 46 females) aged 2 to 30 years attending different hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and medical histories. The questionnaires were completed by face-to-face interviews with the patients or their caregivers, and the required laboratory data were retrieved from the medical records of patients.Results: The most prevalent abnormality was underweight detected in (40.9%) of patients, followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (37.7%), short stature (35.2%), hypothyroidism in (17.0%) and diabetes mellitus in (13.6%). A significant difference between those who were compliant with iron chelation therapy and those who were not in terms of the prevalence of short stature (P value= 0.05) and hypothyroidism (P value= 0.05). The percentage of patients who were not compliant with chelation therapy was 21.6% and 9.1% of patients were not taking them at all.Conclusion: Despite the role of chelation therapy in the management of iron overload, the risk of secondary endocrine and metabolic complications remained considerable. Subclinical hypothyroidism and short stature were the most frequent endocrine complications encountered in this study.Keywords: iron overload, metabolic complications, hereditary blood diseases, blood transfusion
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