Issue des accouchements sur utérus cicatriciel dans un hôpital universitaire au Burkina

Certains auteurs ont tendance à privilégier la césarienne comme méthode de prise en charge d’une parturiente porteuse d’un utérus cicatriciel.D’autres auteurs préconisent un accouchement par voie basse quand des paramètres cliniques précis sont observés. Le but de cette étude estd’analyser la prise en charge et l’issue des accouchements sur utérus cicatriciel au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso et de la comparer aux différentes approches recommandées. Nous avons menés une étude transversale dans le Département de Gynécologie d’Obstétrique et de Médecine de la Reproduction du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sanou Souro de Bobo Dioulasso du 1er août 2006 au 1er août 2007 et a concerné 252 parturientes ayant un utérus cicatriciel parmi 4256 accouchements déroulés pendant la même période. Les accouchements sur utérus cicatriciels ont représenté 5,92 % de l’ensemble des accouchements dans notre département. La moyenne d'âge des patientes était de 26,2 ans et la parité moyenne de 4,3. Une césarienne d’emblée a été pratiquée chez 44% des parturientes ayant un utérus cicatriciel et 56 % parmi elles ont fait l'objet d'une épreuve utérine. Sur l’ensemble des épreuves utérines, 61% des parturientes ont accouché par voie basse. La mortalité maternelle était nulle et La mortalité périnatale était relativement importante. Les conditions d’acceptabilité de la voie basse ont été les mêmes chez toutes les patientes et un check liste a été proposé pour une meilleure prise en charge. L'épreuve utérine en salle d’accouchement doit être la règle à chaque fois que cela est possible chez une parturiente porteuse d’utérus cicatriciel. L’établissement d’un check liste pour accouchement par voie basse sur utérus cicatriciel facilite les prises de décision.Key words: Utérus cicatriciels, épreuve utérine, accouchement par voie basse, check-lis

Prevalence of COVID-19 at the Wahgnion-Gold mining site in Burkina Faso and use of RT-PCR initial cycle threshold to monitor the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 load

Background: To control the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is necessary to adequately identify and isolate infectious patients particularly at the work place. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is the recommended confirmatory method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SARSCoV-2 infection in Burkina Faso and to use the initial cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-PCR as a tool to monitor the dynamics of the viral load. Methodology: Between September 2021 and February 2022, oropharyngeal and/or nasopharyngeal swab samples of consecutively selected COVID-19 symptomatic and apparently healthy workers from the Wahgnion mining site in the South-western Burkina Faso who consented to the study were collected according to the two weeks shift program and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR assay. Patients positive for the virus were followed-up weekly until tests were negative. Association of the initial RT-PCR Ct values with disease duration was assessed by adjusted linear regression approach. Two-sided p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1506 (92.9% males) participants were recruited into the study, with mean age and age range of 37.1±8.7 and 18-68 years respectively. The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 14.3% (216/1506). Of the 82 patients included in the follow-up study, the longest duration of positive RT-PCR test, from the first positive to the first of the two negative RT-PCR tests, was 33 days (mean 11.6 days, median 10 days, interquartile range 8-14 days). The initial Ct values significantly correlated with the duration of RT-PCR positivity (with β=-0.54, standard error=0.09 for N gene, and β=-0.44, standard error=0.09 for ORF1ab gene, p<0.001). Participants with higher Ct values corresponding to lower viral loads had shorter viral clearance time than those of lower Ct values or higher viral loads. Conclusion: Approximately 1 out of 7 tested miners had SARS-CoV-2 infection and the duration of their RT-PCR tests positivity independently correlated with the initial viral load measured by initial Ct values. As participants with lower initial Ct values tended to have longer disease duration, initial RT-PCR Ct values could be used to guide COVID-19 patient quarantine duration particularly at the work place

Dynamic of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso

We investigated the evolution of Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after the withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso. A total of 675 clinical isolates collected from October 2010 to September 2012 were successfully genotyped. Single nucleotide polymorphism in Pfcrt (codon 76) gene was analyzed. The prevalence of resistant Pfcrt 76T allele was 20.55%. There was a progressive decrease of the proportion of mutant type pfcrt T76 from 2010 to 2012 (X2=5.508 p=0.0189). Our results suggest a progressive return of the wild type Pfcrt K76 in Burkina Faso but the prevalence of the mutants Pfcrt T76 still remains high

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep in Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

A survey of prevalence of ovine toxoplasmosis was carried out in Bobo-Dioulasso in 2010. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep in order to better estimate the potential risk of meat for consumers. The modified agglutination test was used for serological diagnosis: the prevalence was 58.8% (227/386; IC 95%: 53.7–63.7%). The increase in prevalence was correlated with age and sex of the animals (higher in males). Results indicate that Toxoplasma circulates in sheep in Bobo-Dioulasso. Isolation of T. gondii in sheep with molecular characterization of isolates would be necessary to assess the risk of ovine toxoplasmosis for human health

Using causal loop analysis to explore pathways for zoonosis control in low-income setting : the case of dog rabies vaccination in Burkina Faso

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Profil microbiologique des infections génitales basses chez les femmes en âge de procréer dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Selon l’organisation Mondiale de la Santé (oMS), l’afrique  Sub-saharienne est l’une des régions les plus touchées par les infections sexuellement transmissibles (iST). au Burkina Faso, la prise en charge des infections génitales repose sur une approche syndromique, et les données sur leurs étiologies sont rares. Cette  étude a pour objectif d’établir le profil microbiologique des   infections génitales basses chez patientes âgées d’au moins 15 ans dans la ville de Bobo-dioulasso. il s’est agi d’une transversale et prospective qui s’est déroulée d’octobre 2014 à Juillet 2015 dans le  laboratoire d’analyse de biologie médicale eXalaB. Chez chaque femme consentante se présentant avec un bulletin  d’examen, un prélèvement cervico-vaginal a été réalisé, examiné à la  microscopie, puis mis en culture pour l’identification des  pathogènes. la susceptibilité aux  antimicrobiens a été déterminée par la méthode de diffusion sur gélose selon les recommandations(2013) du comité de l’antibiogramme de la société française de microbiologie (Ca-SFM). au total, 195 femmes âgées de 16-45 ans ont été incluses dans cette étude. au moins un germe a été détecté chez 155 (79,5 %) femmes. Candida albicans (C. albicans) (34,3 %), Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis) (18,8 %),  Escherichia colis (E. colis) (13,1 %) étaient les pathogènes  prédominants. l’antifongigramme a montré une très bonne activité de la nystatine (100,0 %) et de l’amphotéricine B (97,8 %). Quant à l’antibiogramme, la gentamycine, l’imipenème et la Ceftriaxone ont montré une activité > à 67 % sur les bacilles gram négatif. Sur les cocci gram positif, on notait une résistance d’environ 30 % à l’erythromycine. C. albicans représente l’agent prédominant de ces infections génitales basses et est le plus souvent associés à des bactéries.Mots-clés : infections génitales, etiologie, Bobo-dioulasso.according to who, the Sub-Saharan africa is one of the most  regions affected by STis. in Burkina Faso, the treatment of genital infections among women of childbearing age is based on a  syndromic approach, and data on their etiologies are limited. This study aims to establish the microbiological profile of lower genital infections in females aged over 15 years in Bobo-dioulasso. From october to July 2015, a cross sectional study was conducted in the medical laboratory of eXalaB. genital secretions were taken from consenting women, examined in microscopy and then cultured to identify infectious agents. The susceptibility to antimicrobial was determined by the agar diffusion method as recommended (2013) by the French Society for Microbiology (SFM). a total of 195 women aged from 16 to 45 years were included in this study.Candida albicans (34.3%), Gardnerella vaginalis (18.8%),  Escherichia colis (13.1%) were the most causative agents detected. The antifungal susceptibility showed a very good activity of the nystatin (100.0%) and the amphotericin B (97.8%). as for antibiotic susceptibility, gentamicin, imipenem and Ceftriaxone showed an activity > 67% for gram negative bacilli. on gram positive cocci, resistance is noted at about 30% for erythromycin. C. albicans is the predominant agent of genital infections and is most often associated with bacteria.Keywords: genital infections, etiology, Bobo-dioulasso.

Characterization and Strains of Mycobacteria Isolated from Cattle Carcasses in Refrigerated Slaughterhouse Bamako Goal

In the refrigerated slaughterhouse in Bamako, Mali, bovine tuberculosis remains the most common cause of seizures (bovine tuberculosis in 2010 represents 2.50% of total seizures). This work is a pilot study looking kind conducted from March to October 2011 and to determine the frequency of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle carcasses in refrigerated slaughterhouse Bamako goal. The microbiological examination of 55 samples from cattle carcasses with tuberculosis lesions confirmed the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Isolation and characterization of isolates has highlighted 16 Mycobacterium bovis. The study also helped to establish the 16 samples positive culture of Mycobacterium bovis distribution of M. bovis based on race, sex, age of cattle and make recommendations to better control bovine tuberculosis in Mali.Keywords: Mycobacterium bovis-Cattle-Slaughter-characterization-Mali

Preliminary results of official influenza and acute respiratory infection surveillance in two towns of Burkina Faso, 2013-2015

Background: In 2010, influenza, influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) surveillance was established by the government of Burkina Faso. We provide preliminary descriptive results from this surveillance activity. Methods: The study period was 2013 through 2015. Two primary healthcare facilities in Bobo-Dioulasso district reported ILI in outpatients. Influenza virology, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), was available for a proportion of ILI patients. One hospital, in the capital Ouagadougou, reported ARI in both outpatients and inpatients (hospitalized). Inpatients admitted with ARI were considered severe ARI (SARI). We estimated the proportion of primary care outpatient visits that were ILI, and the proportion of those that were due to influenza, by age. We estimated the proportion of hospital outpatient visits that were ARI and the proportion of those that were SARI, by age. Results: Among combined outpatient visits in the Bobo-Dioulasso facilities, 19.6% were for ILI. One half (49.9%) of outpatient visits in infants and 30.9% in 1-4 year-olds were ILI. Among ILI outpatient visits 14.8% were due to influenza virus and, of these, 58.5% were type A and 41.5% type B. At the Ouagadougou hospital, 6.7% of outpatient visits were ARI, and 22.3% of those were SARI. The highest proportions of ARI were among infants (19.8%) and 1-4 year-olds (16.0%). The proportion of ARI that was SARI was highest among ≥15 year-olds (31.5%) followed by 1-4 year-olds (22.4%). Overall, 4.1% of SARI patients died. Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate the importance of respiratory infections among health care attendances in Burkina Faso, and influenza may be an important contributor to these