Radionuclide Estimation of Left Vetricle Myocardial Contractility in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Post-Infarction Cardiosclerosis

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is an important risk factor for the chronic heart failure (CHF). Twenty-five ischemic heart disease (IHD) male patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS) aged 40 to 60 (at a mean age of 52,8±1,3 years) with MI duration from 6 months to 5 years were examined. Intensification of degree of CHF in IHD patients with PICS according to the findings of echocardiography and radioisotope ventriculography (RGV) was accompanied by a decreased myocardial contractility. RVG using sectoral analysis occurred to be an informative method in the evaluation of the myocardial contractility of the left ventricle, its reserve potentials in IHD patients with PICS complicated by CHF. It permits to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of CHF patients with PICS

Clinical features and results of treatment of patients with coronavirus infection complicated by interstitial pneumonia, as well as with concurrent diseases in the Fergana Region of the Republic of Uzbekistan

To analyze the clinical features and treatment results, as well as concomitant diseases in patients with coronavirus infection complicated by interstitial pneumonia in the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ ЖЕЛУДКА С МЕТАСТАЗАМИ В КОСТИ СКЕЛЕТА

The results of treatment of 14 patients with gastric cancer with metastases to the bones of the skeleton  were analized, which was conducted by the stabilization of metastatic spine vertebroplasty, systemic  radionuclide therapy with  samarium-153 oksabifor and  intravenous infusion  by Zolendronic  acid 4 mg 1 time in 28 days. When applying this method decreased by stabilizing vertebral  pain occurred in the first 12 hours after vertebroplasty (cf. value 4.8±1,2 hours, from 30 minutes to 12 hours), the average pain intensity decreased to 4.5 ±0,6 (from 2 to 6). After the treatment of bone  metastases with samarium-153 oksa bifor,  pain intensity  decreased by 3,9 ± 0,3 days (range from 2 to 6) and reached the level of 0,9 ± 0,5 (from 0 to 2). Value pain scores before and after treatment was significantly different, and was P <0,0001. Thus,  the  combination of  vertebroplasty, radionuclide therapy  with  samarium-153 oksabifor and  systemic  therapy with bisphosphonates (Zolendronic acid)  in patients with gastric  cancer  with bone  metastases can be treated in the  presence or threat of vertebral fractures, which gives an opportunity to expand the  indications for palliative radionuclide therapy and improve efficiency treatment of severe category of patients with multiple bone metastases and pain. The proposed approach allows us to quickly achieve durable  and pronounced reduction in pain intensity, significantly  reduce the need for analgesics.Анализированы результаты лечения  14 больных  раком  желудка  с метастазами в кости скелета,  которым  проводилась стабилизация метастатических позвонков путем вертебропластики, системная радионуклидная терапия Самарием – 153 оксабифором и внутривенные инфузии Золендроновой кислоты 4 мг 1 раз в 28 дней. При применении данной методики отмечено снижение боли вследствие стабилизации позвонков, наступившее в первые 12 часов после вертебропластики (ср. значение 4,8±1,2 часа: от 30 минут до 12 часов), среднее значение интенсивности боли  снизилось до 4,5±0,6 (от 2 до 6). После  терапии  костных  метастазов  Самарием-153  оксабифором  интенсивность болевого  синдрома  снизилась  через  3,9±0,3  дней  (от  2  до  6)  и  достигла  уровня 0,9±0,5(от 0 до 2). Значение по болевой шкале до и после лечения  статистически достоверно отличалось и составило P< 0,0001.Таким образом, комбинация вертебропластики, радионуклидной терапии самарием-153 оксабифором и системной терапии бисфосфонатами (Золендроновая кислота) у больных   раком  желудка  с метастазами в кости позволяет проводить лечение при наличии  или угрозе переломов позвонков, что дает возможность расширить показания для паллиативной радионуклидной терапии и повысить  эффективность лечения тяжелой категории больных с множественными метастазами в кости и болевым синдромом. Предложенный подход  позволяет быстро  достичь  стойкого  и выраженного снижения интенсивности болевого синдрома, существенно снизить потребность в анальгетиках

3D сфероиды - клеточная модель для изучения воздействия гипоксии на эпикардиальное микроокружение

Fundamental research in recent years has allowed us to reassess the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiac ontogenesis and its repair after damage. The epicardium, the outer, tightly adjoining layer of the cardiac wall formed by epicardial mesothelial cells, collagen and elastic fibers, has gained special relevance as an important participant of reparative processes. Better insight into poorly understood epicardial function is challenged due to anatomical issues and lack of relevant cellular models.The aim of this study was to develop a spheroid 3D model of the epicardial microenvironment and determine responses of spheroids to hypoxia.Materials and methods. Spheroids were harvested in V-shaped culture dishes with a low adhesion coating. Immunofluorescent staining of cryosections, histological methods and real-time PCR were used for characterization of cultured spheroids.Results. We demonstrated that cultivation of cells under low adhesion conditions in V-shaped culture dishes resulted in the formation of spheroids with an average size of 136+21 µm and cell viability rates of over 98%. The cells in the spheroids cultured under normoxic conditions formed tight junctions and were characterized by a low level of proliferation and the ability to synthesize extracellular matrix proteins. Under hypoxia cells in the spheroids showed partial loss of intercellular contacts, acquired a spindle shape, started to express HIF1a, SNAIL, COL1Al and accumulate collagen. All these features demonstrated the activation of mesothelial(endothelial)-mesenchymal transition strongly resembling epicardial cellular responses to ischemia in vivo.Conclusion. An epicardial spheroid cell culture model suitable for study cellular responses to hypoxic environment was developed. This model can be used to clarify mechanisms regulating epicardial microenvironment and test new targeted candidate drugs.Фундаментальные исследования последних лет позволили переосмыслить молекулярные и клеточные механизмы онтогенеза сердца и его репарации после повреждения. Особую актуальность приобретает изучение эпикарда — наружного, плотно примыкающего к миокарду слоя сердечной стенки, образованного гетерогенной популяцией клеток эпикардиального мезотелия, коллагеновыми и эластическими волокнами, являющегося важным участником репаративных процессов. Изучение эпикарда затруднено в связи с анатомическими ограничениями и отсутствием релевантных клеточных моделей.Цель исследования. Разработка 3D модели эпикардиального микроокружения и оценка влияния гипоксии на ее характеристики.Материал и методы. Сборку сфероидов проводили в V-образных культуральных чашках с низкоадгезионным покрытием. Характеристику сфероидов выполняли с использованием иммунофлуоресцентного окрашивания криосрезов, гистологических методов, ПЦР в реальном времени.Результаты. Культивирование клеток в низкоадгезионных условиях в V-образных культуральных чашках ведет к формированию сфероидов, имеющих размер 136±21 мкм и показатели жизнеспособности клеток более 98%. Клетки в составе сфероидов, культивированных в условиях нормоксии, образовывали плотные межклеточные контакты, характеризовались низким уровнем пролиферации и способностью синтезировать белки внеклеточного матрикса. В условиях гипоксии клетки сфероидов частично утрачивали межклеточные контакты, приобретали веретенообразную форму, экспрессировали HIF1a, SNAI1, ACTA2, FN1, COL1A1 и накапливали коллаген, что указывает на признаки активации мезотелиально-мезенхимального перехода и сходные черты с клеточным ответом эпикарда на острое ишемическое повреждение in vivo.Заключение. На основе клеточного сфероида разработали и охарактеризовали модель эпикарда, которая может реализовать клеточный ответ на воздействие гипоксического стимула и быть использована для изучения механизмов регуляции эпикардиального микроокружения, тестирования лекарственных препаратов направленного действия

Components of Adequacy in the Art Translation

Adequate translation means perfectly reflected content of the original and full stylistic and semantic correspondence. Great importance is attached to the study of the phenomena of literary translation in a comparative-stylistic plan as an effective scientific method. Recreation of style is an inherent problem in literary translation. Equivalence is the defining measure of the quality of any translation. The study of translation transformations is one of the relevant aspects when considering the linguistic features of the texts of works of art. In the process, the created text is transformed into another language system, and the translation is analyzed as a cultural phenomenon. The depicted national flavor in literary translation is very complex in its content. One should strive to present the principles, requirements and means of adequate translation from the point of view of national identity, genre specifics, poetic expression of size, color of the era, as well as preserving the form and content of a work of art

PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONSON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The article analyzes the development priorities of entrepreneurship in the republic and analyzes the factors contributing to the development of the industry. It also presents proposals and recommendations on priority areas for the development of small business and private entrepreneurship

General Lexical Problems of Translation

Language is the main way of communication between people, and it is great if they speak the same language, but what if communication becomes impossible when the interlocutors speak different languages? Translation skills come to our aid here. The importance of translation and its special place in people's lives is becoming increasingly clear. Thanks to translation, people who speak different languages can communicate in multi-ethnic countries, translation provides cross-language and cross-cultural communication, and various teachings and religions are spread through translation. During the translation process, the specialist must pay attention to many factors that affect the adequacy and correctness of the translation

COMPARISON OF LOSARTAN AND LISINOPRIL EFFECTIVENESS FOR GLOMERULAR AND TUBULAR MARKERS OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Aim. To compare the losartan and lisinopril influence on glomerular and tubular markers rates of renal dysfunction in I-III functional class (FC) chronic heart failure (CHF). Material and methods. Totally 92 patients studied with I-III FC CHF. First group (I) consisted of 47 patients taking losartan as addition to standard treatment for 6 months; second group (II) — 45 patients took lisinopril. All patients underwent glomerular filtration rate estimation (MDRD GFR) and enzymes levels in urine: alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartat transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphanase (AP). Results. The results showed that GFR <60 ml/min in I and II groups was found in 18 (38,3%) and 17 (37,8%) patients, resp. Baseline data analysis of urine enzymes that characterize functional condition of renal tubules, showed that in GFR <60 ml/min patients there is significant (p<0,05) increase of ALT, AST, AP in urine: for I group patients by 45,2%, 31,8%, 78,2%, resp., and for II group — 43,6%, 33,5%, 73,9%, resp., comparing to the patients with GFR >60 ml/min. Six month treatment with inclusion of losartan and lisinopril led to decrease of enzymes levels in urine to increase of GFR comparing to baseline. Conclusion. GFR and the level of fermenturia are the early predictors of tubular epitelium in kidneys, and can be treated as early predictors of renal dysfunction in CHF. Six month treatment with losartan and lisinopril increases GFR and significantly decreases fermenturia, hence improving the condition of tubular epithelium and showin nephroprotective effect

THE POSSIBILITY OF TREATING PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER WITH METASTASES TO THE BONES OF THE SKELETON

The results of treatment of 14 patients with gastric cancer with metastases to the bones of the skeleton  were analized, which was conducted by the stabilization of metastatic spine vertebroplasty, systemic  radionuclide therapy with  samarium-153 oksabifor and  intravenous infusion  by Zolendronic  acid 4 mg 1 time in 28 days. When applying this method decreased by stabilizing vertebral  pain occurred in the first 12 hours after vertebroplasty (cf. value 4.8±1,2 hours, from 30 minutes to 12 hours), the average pain intensity decreased to 4.5 ±0,6 (from 2 to 6). After the treatment of bone  metastases with samarium-153 oksa bifor,  pain intensity  decreased by 3,9 ± 0,3 days (range from 2 to 6) and reached the level of 0,9 ± 0,5 (from 0 to 2). Value pain scores before and after treatment was significantly different, and was P <0,0001. Thus,  the  combination of  vertebroplasty, radionuclide therapy  with  samarium-153 oksabifor and  systemic  therapy with bisphosphonates (Zolendronic acid)  in patients with gastric  cancer  with bone  metastases can be treated in the  presence or threat of vertebral fractures, which gives an opportunity to expand the  indications for palliative radionuclide therapy and improve efficiency treatment of severe category of patients with multiple bone metastases and pain. The proposed approach allows us to quickly achieve durable  and pronounced reduction in pain intensity, significantly  reduce the need for analgesics

Features of cardiovascular remodeling, the level of neurohumoral factors depending on the degree of chronic heart failure and kidney dysfunction

Aim. To study the relationship between the level of the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and aldosterone in serum, cardiovascular remodeling parameters with the degree of chronic heart failure (CHF) and kidney dysfunction (KD).Material and methods. Fifty two patients with coronary artery disease with CHF of I (19 patients), II (21) and III (12) functional classes (FC) were examined. All patients underwent echocardiography with assessment of systolic function and structural-geometric parameters of the left ventricle (LV), blood flow study at the level of the common carotid artery (CCA) with the determination of the thickness of the intim-media complex, velocity parameters of blood flow, resistance (RI) and pulsation (PI) indexes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by CKD-ЕРI method, the level of NTproBNP and aldosterone in serum. The patients were divided depending on the eGFR elvel: 30< eGFR ≤60 ml/min/1,73 m2 — 14 patients, eGFR >60 ml/min/1,73 m2 — 38 patients.Results. Patients with II FC CHF had the medium-high NTproBNP and aldosterone values. Subjects with FC III CHF had high levels of NTproBNP and aldosterone. A correlation relationship was found between the NTproBNP, aldosterone and ejection fraction (EF) levels (r=-0,70 and r=-0,72, respectively), between the NTproBNP, aldosterone and enddiastolic LV velocity (r=0,78 and r=0,70, respectively). There was a significant thickening of the carotid intima-media complex and a decrease in the blood flow velocity and an increase in vascular resistance with increasing CHF. We also noted a significant difference in the maximum end-diastolic velocity in patients with eGFR ≤60 ml/min/1,73 m2 compared with this indicator in patients with eGFR >60 ml/min/1,73 m2.Conclusion. In patients with CHF, a significant increase in NTproBNP and aldosterone levels is associated with FC of CHF, LV systolic dysfunction and KD. The interrelation of cardiovascular remodeling indicators with the degree of CHF and KD was revealed