Fragmentation of Random Trees

We study fragmentation of a random recursive tree into a forest by repeated removal of nodes. The initial tree consists of N nodes and it is generated by sequential addition of nodes with each new node attaching to a randomly-selected existing node. As nodes are removed from the tree, one at a time, the tree dissolves into an ensemble of separate trees, namely, a forest. We study statistical properties of trees and nodes in this heterogeneous forest, and find that the fraction of remaining nodes m characterizes the system in the limit N --> infty. We obtain analytically the size density phi_s of trees of size s. The size density has power-law tail phi_s ~ s^(-alpha) with exponent alpha=1+1/m. Therefore, the tail becomes steeper as further nodes are removed, and the fragmentation process is unusual in that exponent alpha increases continuously with time. We also extend our analysis to the case where nodes are added as well as removed, and obtain the asymptotic size density for growing trees.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation and regeneration in elite rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar BRRI dhan56

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar BRRI dhan56 was  carried out in this study. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404, which harbors the plasmid pIG121  that carries the genes for ß-glucuronidase gene, served as a reporter gene in the histochemical assay and  the neomycin phosphotransferase ΙΙ (NPT ΙΙ) gene for the identification of resistance to kanamycin was  used for genetic transformation. Twenty days old embryogenic calli from mature embryos of highly  regenerating rice cultivar BRRI dhan56 were used to co-cultivate with 0.8 to 0.9 OD600 Agrobacterium  for 25 min and the cultured was continued on agar medium for this study. The transformed colonies were selected by using 50 mg/L kanamycin and 50 mg/L rifampicin and confirmed by colony PCR. The PCR  positive colonies were isolated to transform by using calli of indica rice cultivar BRRI dhan56. Putative  leaf and root segments from  plantlets obtained from transformation experiment with the plasmid pIG121  were GUS positive. Integration of the introduced gene into the genome was  demonstrated by PCR. The  maximum transformation efficiency of 32% was obtained by using 500 mg/L cefotaxime as a  bacteriostatic agent to inhibit growth of Agrobacterium. In this study, 100 µM acetosyringone in  co-cultivation medium and co-cultivation for 3 days were the optimum conditions for maximum  transformation. The expression of GUS gene revealed that the calli were successfully transformed. The  results of this study would be an effective tool for crop improvement and gene-function studies on the  model monocot plant rice. Key words: Agrobacterium, Oryza sativa L., acetosyringone, β-glucuronidase, cefotaxime, plasmid, phosphotransferase, rice, transformation. Abbreviation: GUS, β-Glucuronidase; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; MS, Murashige and Skoog; 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; MCI, callus induction medium; OD, optical density; NAA, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid; BAP, 6-benzylaminopurine. 

Kinetics of Heterogeneous Single-Species Annihilation

We investigate the kinetics of diffusion-controlled heterogeneous single-species annihilation, where the diffusivity of each particle may be different. The concentration of the species with the smallest diffusion coefficient has the same time dependence as in homogeneous single-species annihilation, A+A-->0. However, the concentrations of more mobile species decay as power laws in time, but with non-universal exponents that depend on the ratios of the corresponding diffusivities to that of the least mobile species. We determine these exponents both in a mean-field approximation, which should be valid for spatial dimension d>2, and in a phenomenological Smoluchowski theory which is applicable in d<2. Our theoretical predictions compare well with both Monte Carlo simulations and with time series expansions.Comment: TeX, 18 page

Analisis Kuantitas dan Hitung Jenis Leukosit pada Petugas Radiologi di Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat (Bbkpm) Makassar

The Radiology Officer is one of the groups that has a risk to the danger of radiation exposure and it caused of the healthy in the certain level. Then, it could cause the Chronis disease until with the death. The effect of Chronis could appear in years later. Indicator of Hematopoietic commonly used as radiation exposure. It was differential count leukocyte, lymphocyte, absolute count, neutrophil, platelet and erythrocyte. The disturbance of hematopoitic system is caused radiation exposure that the effecting of the amount erythrocytes decreased as sensitivity and the life expectancy, which was the lymphocyte reacted firstly. It is followed by granulocyte, thrombocyte, and erythrocyte. The aim of this research is to know the quantity and differential count leukocyte with radiology officer. The kind of this research was descriptive research through quantity and differential count leukocyte with the radiology officer. There were 7 samples on 24 of February 2017 until 4 March 2017 in Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Makassar. The quantity of the research with the radiology office in BBMK Makassar was 85,71% normally and it increased (14,29%) while the differential count leukocyte was 100% basofil in the amount of normal, 42,86% eosinophil increased, 14,29% neutrophil decreased, 14,29% lymphocyte increased, 14,29% monocyte decreased and 14,29% monosit increased. It should be more increased the effecting of dangerous radiation and the using of personal protective equipments should be increased based on the regulation of Bapeten number 8 at 2011 and radiology officer should be more attention to the nutritional and their healthy

Entropic Tightening of Vibrated Chains

We investigate experimentally the distribution of configurations of a ring with an elementary topological constraint, a ``figure-8'' twist. Using vibrated granular chains, which permit controlled preparation and direct observation of such a constraint, we show that configurations where one of the loops is tight and the second is large are strongly preferred. This agrees with recent predictions for equilibrium properties of topologically-constrained polymers. However, the dynamics of the tightening process weakly violate detailed balance, a signature of the nonequilibrium nature of this system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

WCBP: A new water cycle based back propagation algorithm for data classification

Water Cycle algorithm is a modern nature inspired meta-heuristic algorithm to provide derivative-free solution to optimize complex problems. The back-propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm performs well on many complex data types but it possess the problem of network stagnancy and local minima. Therefore, this paper proposed the use of WC algorithm in combination with Back-Propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm to solve the local minima problem in gradient descent trajectory. The performance of the proposed Water Cycle based Back-Propagation (WCBP) algorithm is compared with the conventional BPNN, ABC-BP and ABC-LM algorithms on selected benchmark classification problems from UCI Machine Learning Repository. The simulation results show that the BPNN training process is highly enhanced when combined with WC algorithm

Knots and Random Walks in Vibrated Granular Chains

We study experimentally statistical properties of the opening times of knots in vertically vibrated granular chains. Our measurements are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with a theoretical model involving three random walks interacting via hard core exclusion in one spatial dimension. In particular, the knot survival probability follows a universal scaling function which is independent of the chain length, with a corresponding diffusive characteristic time scale. Both the large-exit-time and the small-exit-time tails of the distribution are suppressed exponentially, and the corresponding decay coefficients are in excellent agreement with the theoretical values.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Asymptotic expansion for reversible A + B <-> C reaction-diffusion process

We study long-time properties of reversible reaction-diffusion systems of type A + B C by means of perturbation expansion in powers of 1/t (inverse of time). For the case of equal diffusion coefficients we present exact formulas for the asymptotic forms of reactant concentrations and a complete, recursive expression for an arbitrary term of the expansions. Taking an appropriate limit we show that by studying reversible reactions one can obtain "singular" solutions typical of irreversible reactions.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, to appear in PR