EFFICIENCY TEST OF AUTOMATIC TEST PATTERN GENERATION METHODS

Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) is unavoidable for large combinational circuits, However, since ATPG is a known NP-complet problem, this is a very CPU-time consuming process, Therefore choosing the optimal ATPG algorithm for an industrial test generation system can be an important question, However, this question cannot be easily answered because of the implementational and evaluation differences of the published algorithms, This paper presents a software frame, where any ATPG method and their heuristic can be easily implemented allowing a correct comparison between different methods, On the other hand the known ATPG methods cannot be ordered by quality, because their efficiency depends on the properties of the examined circuit. Therefore it seems to be reasonable to develop a hibrid strategy whose effectivity is independent of the circuit properties and near to the known strategies, The presented frame is an ideal environment for developing such a new method, Experimental results are also presented on some implemented algorithms and heuristics using a variety of MSI components and ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits

Five loop Konishi from AdS/CFT

We derive the perturbative five loop anomalous dimension of the Konishi operator in N = 4 SYM theory from the integrable string sigma model by evaluating finite size effects using Luscher formulas adapted to multimagnon states at weak coupling. In addition, we derive the five loop wrapping contribution for the L = 2 single impurity state in the beta deformed theory, which may be within reach of a direct perturbative computation. The Konishi expression exhibits two new features - a modification of Asymptotic Bethe Ansatz quantization and sensitiveness to an infinite set of coefficients of the BES/BHL dressing phase. The result satisfies nontrivial self-consistency conditions - simple transcendentality structure and cancellation of mu-term poles. It may be a testing ground for the proposed AdS/CIFT TBA systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content in quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) fruit

Fruits of twelve quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) commercial cultivars and selections were compared in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) of intact and peeled fruits. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content ranged between 5.99 and 63.10 mmol AA/100 g FW, and 3.92 and 12.83 g GA/100 g FW, respectively. These ranges cover an almost 8-times variation among the tested genotypes in case of antioxidant capacity and also declares two-times variation for total polyphenolic content. Cultivars ‘Aromate’ and ‘Bereczki’ possessed the lowest antioxidant capacity and ‘Román portugál’ and ‘Bereczki’ had the lowest polyphenolic contents. In contrast, cultivars ‘Champion’ and ‘Konstantinápolyi’ possessed the highest antioxidant capacity and ‘Mezôtúri’ and ‘De Husi’ had the highest polyphenolic contents. The Pearson’s coeffi cient was relatively moderate but signifi cant (r=0.51) indicating a weak interdependence between FRAP and TPC values of quince fruits. Our results led us to the conclusion that quince might be considered as a valuable source of antioxidants and polyphenolics

Antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content in quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) fruit

Fruits of twelve quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) commercial cultivars and selections were compared in the ferric reducingantioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) of intact and peeled fruits. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contentranged between 5.99 and 63.10 mmol AA/100 g FW, and 3.92 and 12.83 g GA/100 g FW, respectively. These ranges cover an almost8-times variation among the tested genotypes in case of antioxidant capacity and also declares two-times variation for total polyphenoliccontent. Cultivars ‘Aromate’ and ‘Bereczki’ possessed the lowest antioxidant capacity and ‘Román portugál’ and ‘Bereczki’ had the lowestpolyphenolic contents. In contrast, cultivars ‘Champion’ and ‘Konstantinápolyi’ possessed the highest antioxidant capacity and ‘Mezôtúri’and ‘De Husi’ had the highest polyphenolic contents. The Pearson’s coeffi cient was relatively moderate but signifi cant (r=0.51) indicating aweak interdependence between FRAP and TPC values of quince fruits. Our results led us to the conclusion that quince might be consideredas a valuable source of antioxidants and polyphenolics

Characterization of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) cultivars using SSR markers developed for apple

Quince (Cydonia oblongaMill.) is a minor fruit crop, which is primarily used for marmalade, jam and sauce.Very few quince cultivarsare known all over the world and in many cases similar names are used for presumably different cultivars. The aim of the present study was toevaluate and characterize the genetic diversity of 36 quince cultivars and selections with SSR markers. Seven out of 8 SSR markers designed fromapple sequences could successfully yield amplification also in quince cultivars. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 3 alleles. These allelenumbers are quite low when compared to apple. It is supposed to be the consequence of a genetic bottleneck. In spite of the low allele number perlocus, the 36 quince cultivars formed 30 different genotypes. The ratio of homozygosity was low, which might be coupled with the self-(in)compatibility phenotype of quinces. SSR markers proved unable to differentiate putatively closely related cultivars (e.g. ‘Bereczki’ and‘Bereczki bôtermô’). In general, the level of polymorphism among the tested quince genotypes was much restricted due to the low allele numberdetected. However, it must be considered that the number of analysed SSR loci is not enough high to estimate the overall heterozygosity of thequince genome. Further experiments are needed and the SSR markers proved to be a reliable and useful tool for such analyses

Characterization of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) cultivars using SSR markers developed for apple

Quince (Cydonia oblongaMill.) is a minor fruit crop, which is primarily used for marmalade, jam and sauce.Very few quince cultivars are known all over the world and in many cases similar names are used for presumably different cultivars. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and characterize the genetic diversity of 36 quince cultivars and selections with SSR markers. Seven out of 8 SSR markers designed from apple sequences could successfully yield amplification also in quince cultivars. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 3 alleles. These allele numbers are quite low when compared to apple. It is supposed to be the consequence of a genetic bottleneck. In spite of the low allele number per locus, the 36 quince cultivars formed 30 different genotypes. The ratio of homozygosity was low, which might be coupled with the self-(in)compatibility phenotype of quinces. SSR markers proved unable to differentiate putatively closely related cultivars (e.g. ‘Bereczki’ and ‘Bereczki bôtermő’). In general, the level of polymorphism among the tested quince genotypes was much restricted due to the low allele number detected. However, it must be considered that the number of analysed SSR loci is not enough high to estimate the overall heterozygosity of the quince genome. Further experiments are needed and the SSR markers proved to be a reliable and useful tool for such analyses

Preliminary evaluation of selected Prunus spinosa and P. insititia genotypes for their nutraceutical properties

Fruits of nine Prunus spinosa and P. insititia selections were compared in their ferric reducing antioxidant power and total phenoliccontent. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content ranged between 6.36 and 29.26 mmol AA/L, and 5.04 and 29.71 mmol GA/L,respectively. These ranges cover an almost 5-times variation among the tested genotypes. The Pearson’s coefficient was very high (0.92)indicating a major contribution of polyphenolics to the antioxidant capacity of the tested Prunus fruits. Conserving resulted in an approximate20 % loss of antioxidant power and slightly increased phenolic contents. Our results led us to the conclusion that fruit of Prunus spinosa andP. insititia might be considered as rich sources of antioxidants. In addition, procession with heat treatment caused only a slight decrease in theantioxidant capacity without loss in the total polyphenolic content

Large variations in antioxidant capacity and contents of Hungarian sour and sweet cherry cultivars

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars grown in Hungary are of local origin while most sweet cherry cultivars in Hungary areintroduced from other countries.A great phenotypic variability is displayed by both species. In the present study, we analyzed 10 sour and 9 sweetcherry cultivars for their antioxidant capacity, total polyphenolics (TPC) and total anthocyanin (TMAC) contents. In general, sour cherries showedhigher levels of antioxidant capacity, TPC and TMAC. The anthocyanin contents varied from 0.16 to 6.85 and 1.41 to 127.56 mg/100 g for sweetand sour cherries, respectively. However, TMAC generally seems to have a limited influence on the antioxidant capacity of cherries.An amarelletypesour cherry, ‘Pipacs 1’ showed the highest antioxidant capacity (21.21mmolAA/l) and TPC (44.07mgGA/l) in contrast to its lowanthocyanincontent. The detected diversity presents a choice that can satisfy different consumer preferences, and meet specific nutritional requirements