Comprimento de estaca de camu-camu com ácido indolbutírico para a formação de mudas

The fruit of camu-camu is attractive because of its high vitamin C content (877 to 6113 mg/100 g of pulp). Its propagation normally is by seed, which segregate for different characteristics of commercial interest; hence a vegetative propagation method would allow better uniformity. This study evaluated the effect of indolebutyric acid - AIB (0 and 200 mg L-1) on the rooting of young branches of camu-camu (5, 10 and 20 cm in length and 2 to 3 cm in diameter). The 20 cm long cuttings with AIB application were most appropriate for production of camu-camu clones, with 50% successfully formed (sprouts + root). AIB had a positive effect in the development of root number (with AIB - 12; without AIB - 1), root length (with AIB - 11 cm; without AIB - 4 cm) and rooted cuttings (with AIB - 58%; without AIB - 5%), but negative in sprout number (with AIB - 1.0; without AIB - 1.8) and cuttings sproued (with AIB - 22%; without AIB - 49%). The 20 cm long cuttings had 2.0 sprouts and 55% cuttings sprouted, while the 10 cm cuttings had 1.1 sprouts and 33%, and the 5 cm had 1.1 sprouts and 19%

INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TIME AND ENVIRONMENT ON THE INAJÁ SEEDLING EMERGENCE IN BOA VISTA, RORAIMA

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência do período de armazenamento e do ambiente de semeadura na emergência de plântulas de inajá, uma palmeira nativa da Amazônia, encontrada naturalmente em áreas abertas de matas de transição do estado de Roraima. Após a colheita uma parte do lote dos frutos foi beneficiada e direcionada para plantio imediato e o restante acondicionado em sacos transparentes de polietileno e armazenado em câmara a 18 ºC. Após o beneficiamento os pirênios de inajá foram semeados em canteiros contendo areia cobertos com o mesmo substrato a dois centímetros de profundidade. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, utilizando esquema fatorial 5x2 sendo os fatores: períodos de armazenamento (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias) e ambientes (pleno sol e casa de vegetação), com quatro repetições de vinte sementes por parcela.  Foram avaliados o teor de água das sementes, a frequência, o tempo médio e o índice de velocidade de emergência. As frequências e os índices de velocidade de emergência das plântulas de inajá foram significativamente maiores em sementes de plantio imediato semeadas em casa de vegetação, onde as emergências chegaram a 100% de porcentagem. Não houve diferenças significativas em relação ao tempo médio de emergência para nenhum dos tratamentos de armazenamentos e ambientes testados, porém foi em média menor em ambiente de casa de vegetação. O armazenamento em câmara a 18 ºC, não só mantém a umidade das sementes como possibilita a emergência das plântulas em casa de vegetação até 120 dias.Palavras-chave: Arecaceae, conservação, germinação, Maximiliana maripa, semente.This work aimed to study the influence of storage time and seeding environment on inajá seedling emergence, a native Amazon palm tree, naturally found in open areas of transition forests from Roraima state. After harvesting a portion of fruit was processed and targeted for immediate planting and the rest packed in polyethylene bags and stored in a chamber at 18 °C. After beneficiation we sow the inajá diasporas to two centimeters deep in beds containing sand as substrate. We use the experimental design of randomized blocks in 5x2 factorial scheme comprising the storage times (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days) and environments (full sun and greenhouse), with four replicates of twenty seeds per plot. We avaluate the moisture content of the seeds, frequency, average time and the index of emergence speed of seeds. The frequencies and rates of speed of inajá seedling emergence were significantly higher in immediate planting seeds sown in a greenhouse, where emergencies have reached 100%. We did not significant differences from the mean emergence time for any of the stores and environments tested, but this time was on average lower in the greenhouse environment. The storage chamber at 18 °C, not only kept the seed moisture as possible the emergence of seedlings in the greenhouse up to 120 days.Keywords: Arecaceae; Conservação; Germinação; Maximiliana maripa; sementes

Caracterização físico-química do suco de açaí de euterpe precatoria mart. oriundo de diferentes ecossistemas amazônicos

The fruit of açaí (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) from different Amazon ecosystems were processed to obtain the juice. The juice obtained from each ecosystem was evaluated for proximate composition (moisture, ash, lipids, protein, carbohydrates and dietary fiber), minerals, fatty acids and anthocyanins. The fruits prior to processing were compared in terms of weight, having noticed a significant variation from 1.1 to 2.0 g. Concerning to the juice, there was a low concentration of protein and high in energy, mainly due to the presence of lipids with a range from 4.24 to 9.74%. Among the minerals, potassium was the most abundant ranging from 73.78 to 376.69 mg 100 g- 1 (per of juice), followed by calcium (from 15.99 to 57.85 mg 100g- 1.). Iron presented minority concentrations from 0.43 to 1.2 mg 100g- 1. With regard to functional ingredients, the acai juice showed significant concentrations of dietary fiber (2.37 to 7.8%), anthocyanins, ranging from 128.4 mg 100 g- 1 in fruits of green color coming from Parintins to 868.9 mg 100 g- 1 in samples of Manaquiri (dry basis). The lipid fraction showed high quantities of oleic fatty acid (18:1), with average percentage of 68.2% in total fatty acids, followed by palmitic acid (16:0) with 17.5%. These results reinforce the potential of acaí as a source of energy, fat, dietary fiber, anthocyanins, monounsaturated fatty acid and mineral elements. The present study will contribute to the expansion of table food composition and to aid in the genetic improvement program, market and social inclusion

Contribution of the institutions in the Northern region of Brazil to the development of plant cultivars and their impact on agriculture

This paper describes the development of breeding programs in northern Brazil and their main impacts on agriculture. Their contribution to the breeding of the species palm oil, acai fruit, cacao, cupuaçu, guarana, tomato, camu-camu, cocona, peach palm, and rubber was laid out in detail. Advances in breeding programs of institutions such as Embrapa, Ceplac, Inpa, and Universities require investments in infrastructure and in human and financial resources to ensure continuity and efficiency in economic, social and environmental gains. The improvement of native species, the main focus of the breeding programs of the institutions in the Northern region of Brazil, is a form of exploiting the Amazonian biodiversity for the benefit of society. Therefore, policies to foster research institutions should be a subject of deliberation and action of the scientific and technological community in Brazil

In Vivo Tracking of Transplanted Mononuclear Cells Using Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI)

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of mononuclear cells (MNCs) has previously been tested as a method to induce therapeutic angiogenesis to treat limb ischemia in clinical trials. Non-invasive high resolution imaging is required to track the cells and evaluate clinical relevance after cell transplantation. The hypothesis that MRI can provide in vivo detection and long-term observation of MNCs labeled with manganese contrast-agent was investigated in ischemic rat legs. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The Mn-labeled MNCs were evaluated using 7-tesla high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intramuscular transplanted Mn-labeled MNCs were visualized with MRI for at least 7 and up to 21 days after transplantation in the ischemic leg. The distribution of Mn-labeled MNCs was similar to that of ¹¹¹In-labeled MNCs measured with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and DiI-dyed MNCs with fluorescence microscopy. In addition, at 1-2 days after transplantation the volume of the site injected with intact Mn-labeled MNCs was significantly larger than that injected with dead MNCs, although the dead Mn-labeled MNCs were also found for approximately 2 weeks in the ischemic legs. The area covered by CD31-positive cells (as a marker of capillary endothelial cells) in the intact Mn-MNCs implanted site at 43 days was significantly larger than that at a site implanted with dead Mn-MNCs. CONCLUSIONS: The present Mn-enhanced MRI method enabled visualization of the transplanted area with a 150-175 µm in-plane spatial resolution and allowed the migration of labeled-MNCs to be observed for long periods in the same subject. After further optimization, MRI-based Mn-enhanced cell-tracking could be a useful technique for evaluation of cell therapy both in research and clinical applications