Effects of Career Models on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy among Undergraduate Students at a University

進路選択に関する意志決定の効力を表す概念に，進路選択セルフ・エフィカシー（CDMSE）がある。本稿では，大学生のCDMSEを高めるのに，キャリアモデルが有効であるかについて議論する。そのことを議論するために，A大学の学生を対象にした質問紙法によるパネル調査を実施した。調査の結果，（1）大学生においても，キャリアモデルを持つ者のCDMSE は，キャリアモデルを持たない学生と比較し，高い傾向にあることが示された。（2）キャリアモデルには，大学生のCDMSEを高める効果があることが示された。以上のことから，キャリアモデルは，学生のCDMSEを高めるのに有効であることが示された。Career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) is a concept that expresses a degree of self-confidence in career decision-making. This study suggests that “career model” (career role model) is an important factor in increasing CDMSE of undergraduate students. In this study, data collected through a panel survey were analyzed with two-way ANOVA with replication. The results indicated the following: (1) the CDMSE of the students with career models tends to be higher than the CDMSE of the students without the models, (2) Career models have the effect of enhancing the students’ CDMSE

The influence of the shape of Au nanoparticles on the catalytic current of fructose dehydrogenase

Graphite electrodes were modified with triangular (AuNTrs) or spherical (AuNPs) nanoparticles and further modified with fructose dehydrogenase (FDH). The present study reports the effect of the shape of these nanoparticles (NPs) on the catalytic current of immobilized FDH pointing out the different contributions on the mass transfer–limited and kinetically limited currents. The influence of the shape of the NPs on the mass transfer–limited and the kinetically limited current has been proved by using two different methods: a rotating disk electrode (RDE) and an electrode mounted in a wall jet flow-through electrochemical cell attached to a flow system. The advantages of using the wall jet flow system compared with the RDE system for kinetic investigations are as follows: no need to account for substrate consumption, especially in the case of desorption of enzyme, and studies of product-inhibited enzymes. The comparison reveals that virtually identical results can be obtained using either of the two techniques. The heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) rate constants (kS) were found to be 3.8 ± 0.3 s−1 and 0.9 ± 0.1 s−1, for triangular and spherical NPs, respectively. The improvement observed for the electrode modified with AuNTrs suggests a more effective enzyme-NP interaction, which can allocate a higher number of enzyme molecules on the electrode surface

Assessing white matter microstructural changes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using voxel-based R2* relaxometry analysis

BackgroundR2* relaxometry and quantitative susceptibility mapping can be combined to distinguish between microstructural changes and iron deposition in white matter. Here, we aimed to explore microstructural changes in the white matter associated with clinical presentations such as cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) using R2* relaxometry analysis in combination with quantitative susceptibility mapping.MethodsWe evaluated 16 patients clinically diagnosed with possible or probable iNPH and 18 matched healthy controls (HC) who were chosen based on similarity in age and sex. R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping were compared using voxel-wise and atlas-based one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Finally, partial correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between R2* and clinical presentations.ResultsR2* was lower in some white matter regions, including the bilateral superior longitudinal fascicle and sagittal stratum, in the iNPH group compared to the HC group. The voxel-based quantitative susceptibility mapping results did not differ between the groups. The atlas-based group comparisons yielded negative mean susceptibility values in almost all brain regions, indicating no clear paramagnetic iron deposition in the white matter of any subject. R2* and cognitive performance scores between the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and right sagittal stratum (SS) were positively correlated. In addition to that, R2* and gait disturbance scores between left SS were negatively correlated.ConclusionOur analysis highlights the microstructural changes without iron deposition in the SLF and SS, and their association with cognitive impairment and gait disturbance in patients with iNPH

Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Freshmen and Sophomores at “A” University during the COVID-19 Pandemic

本稿では，コロナ禍におけるA 大学の大学1・2 年生（大学生低学年）の進路選択セルフ・エフィカシーについて議論する。パネル調査の結果，次の2 つのことが示された。（1）COVID-19 によってもたらされた雇用状況に対する不安は，大学1・2 年生の進路選択セルフ・エフィカシーの向上を阻害している。（2）雇用状況の悪化の下でも，大学1・2 年生の女子学生の進路選択セルフ・エフィカシーは高まっていることが示唆された。We discuss career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) of freshmen and sophomores during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A panel survey with questionnaires (two-way ANOVA with replications) was conducted. The following two results were indicated: (1) the anticipation of a downward trend in employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic is preventing freshmen and sophomores from increasing CDMSE, (2) in spite of the downward trend, first year and second year female students have increased CDMSE

A Study on Project-Based Learning from the Viewpoint of Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory

アクティブラーニングの1 つとしてPBL（problem/project-based learning）がある。PBL には問題解決学習（problem based learning）とプロジェクト学習（project based learning）の2 つがある。これまでPBL を対象とする研究は着実に蓄積されてきたが，PBL の理論的枠組みは未だ脆弱であることが指摘されている。そこで，本研究ではこの問題を克服するために，大学教育でのプロジェクト学習について，組織的知識創造理論から考察する。本研究の第1 の目的は，組織的知識創造理論がプロジェクト学習においても適用できることを確認することである。第2 の目的は，プロジェクト学習における教員の役割について，組織的知識創造理論から示唆を得ることである。本研究では，以下の3 ステップを踏む。まず，本研究の鍵概念である組織的知識創造理論を紹介する。次に，3 つのプロジェクト学習の事例を紹介し，組織的知識創造理論から分析する。最後に，組織的知識創造理論がプロジェクト学習においても適用できることについて，また，示唆されたプロジェクト学習における教員の役割について議論する。One form of active learning is PBL. There are two types of PBL: “problem-based learning” and “project-based learning.” Although a large number of studies have been on PBL, few studies have been conducted using surveys based on academic theories. Therefore, this paper discusses “project-based learning” from the viewpoint of organizational knowledge creation theory. The primary objective of this study is to apply organizational knowledge creation theory in the field of “project-based learning.” The secondary objective is to recommend teachers’ roles in “project-based learning” from the standpoint of organizational knowledge creation theory. The analysis includes three steps: first, a review of organizational knowledge creation theory; second, an examination of three case studies; and finally, a discussion on applying the theory to “project-based learning”, and suggesting teachers’ roles from this viewpoint

ヒドロコルチゾン投与は日本人心肺停止患者の生存率改善に関連する

There are few reports on hydrocortisone administration after cardiac arrest, and those that have been published included few subjects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrocortisone administration on the outcomes of patients who experienced cardiac arrest. We investigated the survival discharge rates and the length of hospital stay from cardiac arrest to discharge, stratified by use of hydrocortisone, using a Japanese health-insurance claims dataset that covers approximately 2% of the Japanese population. The study included the data of 2233 subjects who experienced either in-hospital or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between January 2005 and May 2014. These patients were divided into two groups, based on the administration of hydrocortisone. We adjusted the baseline characteristics, medical treatment, and drug administration data of the two groups using propensity scores obtained via the inverse probability of treatment weighted method. The hydrocortisone group had a significantly higher survival discharge rate (13/61 [21.1%] vs. 240/2172 [11.0%], adjusted odds ratio: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.60–10.98, p = 0.004). In addition, the administration of hydrocortisone was independent predictor of survival to discharge (hazard ratio: 4.6, p < 0.001). The results demonstrate a correlation between hydrocortisone administration and the high rates of survival to discharge

シンキ ケツユウビョウ A カンジャ ニ タイ スル ダイ 8 インシ セイザイ オ モチイ タ キンキュウ タイオウ : 2 ニュウジ レイ ホウコク

確定診断前に凝固第VIII因子(F VIII)製剤の緊急投与を要した重症型血友病A の2 乳児例を報告する.症例1 は10 か月男児.反復する嘔吐を主訴に入院した.左上肢に腫張を伴う筋肉内出血と硬膜外血腫を認めた.症例2 は10 か月男児.止血困難な口唇裂傷後の出血を主訴に来院し,重度の貧血を認めた.2 例ともプロトロンビン時間(PT)正常,活性化プロトロンビン時間(APTT)の著明な延長より,血友病を強く疑った.いずれも重篤な出血を認めたため,凝固因子活性値による確定診断を待たず,緊急でF VIII製剤の投与を試みた.投与後2 例ともAPTT は改善し,出血症状も改善した.後日2 例ともにF VIII活性が1%未満と判明し,重症型血友病A と確定診断された.The cause of hemophilia A and B involves loss of factor VIII( FVIII) and factor IX( FIX), respectively. The hereditary form of this hemorrhagic disease is X-linked recessive. It is well established that the critical region for hemophilia A is localized on Xq28 and for hemophilia B on Xq27.1- 27.2. The initial symptom is bleeding in the mucous membranes often accompanied by intramuscular and intraarticular hemorrhage. The hemorrhages in the joints cause joint contracture as a sequela. The diagnosis of hemophilia is based on a normal bleeding and prothrombin time(PT)and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). We report here two infants of the severe typical from of hemophilia A who were treated with sufficient needed dosage of recombinant factor VIII before a final diagnosis was made. Case 1 was a 10-month-old boy. He was hospitalized for recurrent vomiting. He had intramuscular bleeding with swelling of the left shoulder and upper extremity. A head CT showed multiple epidural hematomas. Case 2 was a 10-month-old boy. He was sent to our hospital because of a lip laceration that did not stop bleeding, and he had severe anemia. We made the diagnosis of hemophilia A based on both their normal laboratory finding of PT and on the finding of extended APTT. Before confirming the decision diagnosis of hemophilia, we intravenously injected recombinant FVIII immediately, because of the severe hemorrhagic symptoms. After the therapy, both the APTT and hemorrhagic symptoms improved. These two cases were later confirmed as a severe infantile form of hemophilia A with less than 1 % factor VIII activity

Search for rare decays of the observed Higgs boson and additional Higgs bosons with the ATLAS detector

The searches for rare decays of the observed Higgs boson and additional Higgs bosons are performed at the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The searches use the unprecedented amount of collision data collected during the LHC $pp$ collision run at $\sqrt{s}=13~\mathrm{TeV}$ in the years 2015--2018, that correspond to the integrated luminosity of $139~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ after the data quality requirements. For the search for the dimuon decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson, the observed (expected) significance is $2.0\sigma$ ($1.7\sigma$), and the best-fit value of the signal strength parameter is $\mu=1.2\pm0.6$. For the search for the $Z\gamma$ decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson, the observed (expected) significance is $2.2\sigma$ ($1.2\sigma$), and the best-fit value of the signal strength parameter is $\mu=2.0^{1.0}_{-0.9}$. For the search for new resonances decaying into photon pairs, no significant excess is observed. The experimental sensitivity of these analyses to the signal processes is increased due to the increase in the size of the dataset and the improvement in the analysis techniques

A search for pairs of highly collimated groupings of photons in pp collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a new scalar resonance decaying to a pair of photon-jets—collimated groupings of photons—is performed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Data from proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.7 /fb, were collected in 2015 and 2016. Highly collimated photon-jets arise when a high-mass scalar particle decays into a pair of light resonance particles, which consecutively decay to photons. When these light particles are highly boosted, their decay to photons lead to photon-jets. No statistically significant excess of events from the background expectation is observed, and the results are interpreted in the scenario of a scalar particle with a narrow width (X) decaying into a pair of spin-0 particles (a)