Effect of Protein-Energi Concentration in Feed on Body Weight Gain, Energy and Protein Efficiency in the Growth Period of Merawang Chicken

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of protein-energy concentration in feed on using of energy and protein efficiency in the growth performance of Merawang chicken, as breed local of native chicken. This study was using 101 day old chicks from mating groups of six sires and 20 dams. The chickens were identification individually based on its parent groups, respectively. All of the chickens were divided in three groups of feeding treatment that was different in protein-energy concentration but had the same of protein : energy ratio (1:150). The rations were namely (1) high concentration (21% protein and 2240 kcal/kg ME) for 36 chicks; (2) medium concentration (18% protein and 2670 kcal/kg ME) for 35 chicks and (3) low concentration (15% protein and 3140 kcal/kg ME) for 30 chicks, respectively. The weekly collected data were individually of body weight and feed consumption for 12 week of old. The data were statistically analyzed by one way classification of completely randomized design (CRD) for body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, protein and energy intake, and efficiency of using protein and energy for body weight gain. The mean different was tested by Duncan’s multiple range of test. The results showed that body weight gain was only significantly different (P≥0.001) at 2nd and 3rd week of ages and then it was statistically no difference any more up to 12 weeks old of age. Weekly and cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion showed a highly significant different (P≥0.001). A lower feed consumption and feed conversion were found in a high protein-energy concentration and the higher in a low protein-energy concentration treatment. The best efficiency energy and protein (P≥0.001) was found in the treatment of medium and low protein-energy concentrations and the lowest one in the high protein-energy concentration. The conclusions was that the medium protein-energy concentration ration (protein 18% and 2690 kcal/kg ME) was the best ration for the first four weeks of age and then the low and the medium could be fed up to 12 weeks of age without different effect on body weight gain. The high protein-energy ration was not recommended, because of using protein and energy for body weight gain had a lower efficiency. (Animal Production 11(1): 15-22 (2009)Key Words : merawang chickens, body weight gain , energy and protein efficienc

Morphology and Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial Dna D-loop Region Using Pcr-rflp Analysis in Magelang Duck and Other Native Duck

The aim of this study was to investigate the different of plumage colors on morphological diversityof Magelang duck and genetic diversity using PCR-RFLP mtDNA D-loop region analysis of Magelangduck and four others native duck population (Tegal, Mojosari, Bali and Alabio duck) in Indonesia. Bloodsample was taken from 50 Magelang ducks and 20 of each native ducks. Morphological characteristicsof body measurement, production ability and egg quality of Magelang duck were analyzed usingCompletely Randomized Design with 11 plumage colors as treatments. PCR technique was administeredto amplify fragments in mtDNA D-loop region and PCR products were digested with endonucleaserestriction enzyme AluI and HaeIII. The result showed that morphology diversity of Magelang duck wasstatistically affected by different plumage colors. PCR-RFLP analysis using AluI and HaeIII restrictionenzyme resulted in six combinations of restriction fragment pattern shown in six haplotypes (A, B, C, D,E and F). Haplotype difference showed genetic diversity in the population of Magelang duck and theother native ducks. In conclusion, the different plumage colors affected morphology diversity ofMagelang duck. Genetic diversity of Indonesian native duck population could be identified by usingPCR-RFLP analysis on mtDNA D-loop region

Metabolizable Energy of Ration Added with Nanocapsule of Turmeric Extract on Broiler Chicken

This study was aimed to develop nanoparticle formulation using turmeric extract and industrialchitosan as the polymer and sodium-tripolyphosphate as cross linker, to evaluate its ability to improvetrue metabolizable energy on broiler chicken. Forty eight of broiler chickens with an average bodyweight of 900 g, were randomly divided into 8 treatments (one treatment was fasted and 7 were fedration plus feed additive), containing six birds per treatment. The formulation of nanoparticle in thisstudy used ionic gelation method. Method used to evaluate the metabolizable energy was totalcollection. Chickens were fasted one day before and after they were treated with rations. Nitrogen, grossenergy and total weight of feed and excreta or ileal digesta released were analyzed to calculate the truemetabolizable energy of the ration. It was found that the basal ration added with nanocapsule 0.1% hadtrue metabolizable energy (3370.66 kcal/kg) significantly higher (P<0.05) than basal ration (3214.85kcal/kg). The result of this study concluded that formulation of nanocapsule using turmeric extract andindustrial chitosan as the polymer and sodium-tripolyphosphate as cross linker was potential to increasetrue metabolizable energy so it can be an alternative for broiler chicken feed additive

Effect of Protein-Energi Concentration in Feed on Body Weight Gain, Energy and Protein Efficiency in the Growth Period of Merawang Chicken

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of protein-energy concentration in feed on using of energy and protein  efficiency in the growth performance of Merawang chicken, as breed local of native chicken. This study was using 101 day old chicks from mating groups of six sires and 20 dams. The chickens were identification individually based on its parent groups, respectively. All of the chickens were divided  in three groups of feeding treatment that was different in protein-energy concentration but had the same of protein : energy ratio (1:150). The rations were namely (1) high concentration (21% protein and 2240 kcal/kg ME) for 36 chicks; (2) medium concentration (18% protein and 2670 kcal/kg ME) for 35 chicks and (3) low concentration (15% protein and 3140 kcal/kg ME) for 30 chicks, respectively. The weekly collected data were individually of body weight and feed consumption for 12 week of old.  The data were statistically analyzed by one way classification of completely randomized design (CRD) for  body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, protein and energy intake, and efficiency of using protein and energy for body weight gain. The mean different was tested by Duncan’s multiple range of test. The results showed that body weight gain was only significantly different (P≥0.001) at 2nd and 3rd week of ages and then it was statistically no difference any more up to 12 weeks old of age. Weekly and cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion showed a highly significant different (P≥0.001). A lower feed consumption and feed conversion were found in a high protein-energy concentration and the higher in a low protein-energy concentration treatment. The best efficiency energy and protein (P≥0.001) was found in the treatment of medium and low protein-energy concentrations and the lowest one in the high protein-energy concentration. The conclusions was that the medium protein-energy concentration ration (protein 18% and 2690 kcal/kg ME) was the best ration for the first four weeks of age and then the low and the medium could be fed up to 12 weeks of age without different effect on body weight gain. The high protein-energy ration was not recommended, because of using protein and energy for body weight gain had a lower efficiency. (Animal Production 11(1): 15-22 (2009)Key Words : merawang chickens, body weight gain , energy and protein efficienc

The Effect Nanocapsule of Turmeric Extracts in Rations on Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens

Abstract. The use of turmeric is restricted by its low solubility in water, therefore it has low bioavailability. This obstacle can be solved by the development of nanoparticle technology to improve drug delivery profile. This study aimed to develop nanoparticle formulation using turmeric extract and industrial chitosan as the matrix and sodium-tripolyphosphate as cross linker, to study its ability to improve feed digestibility. Method used in the formulation of nanoparticle in this study was by ionic gelation followed by oven drying at 50°C. Method used to evaluate the digestibility  was total collection. One hundred and twenty broiler chickens with an average body weight of 900 g, were randomly divided into 20 treatments (one treatment was fasted and 19 were treated with the ration plus feed additive), and six replicates were performed on each test. Chickens were fasted one day before and after they were treated with rations. Nutrient levels and the amount of feed consumed and excreta released were weighed to calculate the digestibility of the ration. It was found that the basal ration had dry matter digestibility of 70.48% significantly lower compared to the basal ration plus nanocapsule turmeric extract: NP level at 0.4% for in EE and EA were 73.11 and 75.90%. The results of this study concluded that formulation of nanocapsule using turmeric extract and industrial chitosan as the matrix and sodium tripolyphosphate as cross linker was potential to increase nutrient digestibility, therefore, it can be an alternative for feed additive in broiler chicken diet. Key words: Digestibility, nanocapsule, turmeric extract, broiler chicken Abstrak. Penggunaan kunyit/kurkumin terbatas karena kelarutannya yang rendah dalam air sehingga bioavailabilitasnya juga rendah. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan teknologi nano yang dikembangkan sebagai alternatif penghantaran obat bagi bahan kimia yang mempunyai bioavailabilitas rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formulasi nanokapsul menggunakan ekstrak kunyit dan kitosan industri sebagai matrik atau polimer serta sodium tripolifosfat sebagai cross linker, untuk dipelajari kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan kecernaan ransum. Metode yang digunakan dalam formulasi nanokapsul adalah gelasi ionik dilanjutkan pengeringan dengan oven pada suhu 50°C. Sedangkan metode untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan menggunakan total koleksi. Seratus dua puluh ekor ayam broiler dengan bobot badan rata-rata 900 g, dibagi secara acak ke dalam 20 perlakuan (satu perlakuan dipuasakan dan 19 diberi ransum perlakuan dengan penambahan feed additive), masing-masing enam ulangan dan satu ekor untuk tiap ulangan. Ayam dipuasakan sehari pada sebelum dan sesudah ayam diperlakukan dengan ransum, kadar nutrien dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi serta ekskreta yang dikeluarkan ditimbang beratnya untuk menghitung kecernaan ransum. Telah ditemukan bahwa kecernaan bahan kering ransum basal (70,48%) nyata lebih kecil dibanding ransum basal yang ditambah nanokapsul ekstrak kunyit: pada  NP level 0,4% sebesar 73,11% pada EE dan 75,90% pada EA. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa formulasi nanokapsul menggunakan ekstrak kunyit dan kitosan industri sebagai matrik dan sodiumtripolifosfat sebagai cross-linker berpotensi sebagai feed additive alternatif untuk meningkatkan kecernaan nutrien pada ransum ayam broiler. Kata kunci: Kecernaan, nanokapsul, ekstrak kunyit, ayam broile

The Use of Pomacea Canaliculata Snails in Feed to Improve Quality of Alabio Duck (Anas Plathyrinchos Borneo) Meat

This research was aimed to improve the physical and chemical quality of Alabio ducks which was fed with Pomacea canaliculata snails. Those ducks were raised intensively. There were nine treatments included R0 (control feed), R1 (control feed + 2.5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from swampy area), R2 (control feed + 5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from swampy area), R3 (control feed + 7.5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from swampy area) R4 (control feed + 10% Pomacea canaliculata snails from swampy area) R5 (control feed + 2.5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from tidal swampy area), R6 (control feed + 5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from tidal swampy area, R7 (control feed + 7.5% Pomacea canaliculata snails from tidal swampy area, and R8 (control feed + 10% Pomacea canaliculata snails from tidal swampy area. The variables observed included meat chemical and physical quality. A Completely Randomized Design was used in this study. Analysis of variance and Duncan\u27s multiple range test were used to analyze data. The research results revealed that using Pomacea canaliculata snails in duck feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) towards the physical characteristics (water holding capacity, cooking loss, and tenderness), and chemical characteristics of Alabio duck meat (water, protein, collagen, fat, and cholesterol content). However, there was no significant effect towards meat pH. It can be concluded that using 5% Pomacea canaliculata snails in a mixture of Alabio duck feed decreased cooking loss and meat cholesterol content

The Performance of Laying Hens Fed Different Calcium Source

The research was aimed to evaluate the performance of laying hens fed different calcium sources.Two hundreds of Isa Brown laying hens were used in this study. The hens were raised in individualbattery cages units for 12 weeks. Four calcium source (limestone as a control, 5% limestone + 2.5%eggshells waste, 2.5% limestone + 5% eggshells waste and 7.5% eggshell waste) were used in feedexperiment. A completely randomized design was applied, with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Eachexperimental unit consisted of 10 laying hens. The parameters measured were feed intake, proteinintake, calcium intake, phosphorus intake, egg production, egg weight and feed conversion ratio. Resultsof the research showed that the calcium source had significantly effect on performance productions. Theuse of eggshell waste 7.5% significantly increased the feed intake, calcium intake, phosphorus intake,egg production and egg weight except for feed conversion ratio. The conclusion of this research was thatthe use of eggshell waste as calcium source of feed resulted in better performance than using limestoneor mixed limestone with eggshell waste

SUPPLEMENTATION OF VITAMIN E AND C IN FEED ON MEAT QUALITY, THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCE (TBARS) AND MYOGLOBIN LEVEL OF MUSCOVY DUCK MEAT

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji suplementasi vitamin E dan C dalam pakan terhadap kualitas daging, kadar thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) dan mioglobin daging itik Manila. Materi yang digunakan itik Manila jantan sebanyak 84 ekor dan perlakuan yang dicobakan ada 7 (tujuh) yang terdiri dari E 0 C 0 : pakan tanpa disuplementasi vitamin E dan vitamin C, E 400 : pakan yang disuplementasi vitamin E sebesar 400 IU, E 600 : pakan yang disuplementasi vitamin E sebesar 600 IU, C400 : pakan yang disuplementasi vitamin C sebesar 400 mg, C600 : pakan yang disuplementasi vitamin C sebesar 600 mg, E 200 C 200 : pakan yang disuplementasi vitamin E sebesar 200 IU dan vitamin C sebesar 200 mg, E 300 C 300 : pakan yang disuplementasi vitamin E sebesar 300 IU dan vitamin C sebesar 300 mg, masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P&gt;0,01) terhadap kualitas fisik daging, kadar mioglobin dan angka TBARS. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah suplementasi vitamin E dan C mampu memperbaiki pH akhir daging itik Manila. Suplementasi vitamin E 300 IU dan C 300 mg pada pakan berprotein 21% dan energi metabolis 3100 kcal/kg mampu memperbaiki DIA, susut masak, flavor dan warna daging itik Manila, namun untuk menghasilkan keempukan yang tinggi sebaiknya pakan disuplementasi dengan vitamin E sebanyak 400 IU. Kata kunci : mioglobin, senyawa volatil, kualitas daging ABSTRACT This research was aimed to analyze vitamin E and C supplementation in feed on meet quality, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and myoglobin level of muscovy duck. This research used 84 Indonesian muscovy duck divided into 7 group of experimental diet, namely E 0 C 0 : basal feed without vitamin E and C supplementation, E 400 : basal feed with 400 IU of vitamin E supplementation, E 600 : basal feed with 600 IU of vitamin E supplementation, C 400 : basal feed with 400mg vof itamin C supplementation, C 600 : basal feed with 600mg of vitamin C supplementation, E 200 C 200 : basal with 200 IU of vitamin E and 200mg of vitamin C supplementation, E 300 C 300 : basal feed with 300 IU of vitamin E and 300mg of vitamin C. A completely randomized design was applied and each treatment had 4 replications. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Analysis of variance showed that treatments significantly affect (P&gt;0.01) meat quality, myoglobin level and TBARS level. Vitamin E and C was proven able to improve final pH of muscovy duck meat. Supplementation of 300 IU of vitamin E and 300mg of vitamin C at feed with 21% of protein and 3100 kcal/kg of energy could improve DIA, cooking loss, flavor, and color of muscovy duck meat; however, the highest meat tenderness was resulted from 400 IU vitamin E supplementation

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAN PERFORMANS REPRODUKSI ITIK TEGAL SEBAGAI DASAR SELEKSI [Relationship Between Morphology Characteristics and Reproduction Performance of "Tegal" Duck as Based Selection]

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data morfologi tubuh atau ukuran bagian-bagian tubuh tertentu dan mengetahui hubungan antara morfologi tubuh dengan performans reproduksi itik Tegal. Materi yang digunakan adalah itik Tegal jantan sebanyak 20 ekor dan itik Tegal betina menjelang bertelur ( umur 20 minggu) sebanyak 100 ekor. Peubah yang diamati meliputi : karakteristik morfologi yaitu bobot badan, lingkar dada, lingkar perut dan lebar pubis; performans reproduksi betina meliputi:produksi telur, bobot telur dan bobot tetas; performans reproduksi jantan meliputi : volume semen, konsentrasi, motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan eksperimental dengan analisa data analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara morfologi terdapat korelasi antara ukuran tubuh itik dengan produksi telur. Lebar pubis memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat ( r = 0,693) dibanding dengan ukuran tubuh lainnya. Pada itik jantan terdapat korelasi negatif yang relatif kecil antara bobot badan dengan volume semen ( r = -0,336). Bobot telur berkorelasi positif dengan bobot tetas dan bobot bobot badan anak itik dengan koefisien korelasi bervariasin dari 0,4688 sampai 0,7829. Kata kunci: Morfologi, korelasi, performans reproduksi, itik Tegal, seleksi ABSTRACT The research was conducted to obtain the morphological data and its correlation with the reproduction performances of "Tegal" duck. The research used 20 male and 100 female "Tegal" duck. Variable collected were morphological characteristics : body weight, chest size, abdomen size and pubis width. The reproduction performance of female was observed on egg production, egg weight and duckling weight. The reproduction performance of male duck was observed on semen volume and concentration, motility and viability of spermatozoa. A correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between morphological characteristics and reproduction performance of both male and female ducks. There was a correlation between morphology and body parameters with the egg production. The pubic width had a highest corerelations ( r = 0.693) than the others. In the male duck there was slight negative correlations between body weight with semen volume ( r = -0.336). The egg weight had positive correlations with weight day old duck and weight duckling, with correlation coefficient varied from 0.4688 to 0.7829. Keywords: Morphology, correlations, reproduction performances, "Tegal" duck, selectio