Effect of Saliva Contamination on Microleakage of Open Sandwich Restorations

Svrha istraživanja: Željela se procijeniti mikropropusnost konvencionalnih staklenih ionomera, smolom modificiranih staklenih ionomera i hibridnih staklenih ionomera u otvorenim restauracijama II. razreda kontaminiranih slinom ili nekontamitiranih slinom. Materijal i metode: Korišteno je 60 ekstrahiranih zdravih ljudskih kutnjaka i preparirano je 120 kaviteta II. razreda na mezijalnim i distalnim plohama. Rubovi gingive nalazili su se 1 mm ispod caklinsko-cementnog spojišta. Svi uzorci nasumično su podijeljeni u četiri skupine (n = 15): skupina I – visoko viskozni stakleni ionomer (Fuji IX GP); skupina II – smolom modificirani stakleni ionomer (Fuji II LC); skupina III – hibridni stakleni ionomer (Equia-fil Forte); skupina IV – kompozitna smola (G’aenial Posterior). U skupini s otvorenim sen-dvič-restauracijama staklenoionomerni materijali postavljeni su na gingivno dno u debljini od 1 mm, a ostatak kaviteta ispunjen je kompozitnim materijalom. Nakon izrade restauracije na mezijalnim plohama, distalni kaviteti restaurirani su prema istom protokolu nakon kontaminacije slinom. Uzorci su podvrgnuti termocikliranju od 10 000 ciklusa na temperaturi od 5 °C do 55 °C i uronjeni tijekom 24 sata u otopinu metilenskog modrila (% 0,5). Zatim su se prerezani dijamantnom pilom, uz vodeno hlađenje, vertikalno kroz središte restauracije od mezijalne plohe prema distalnoj na debljinu od 1 mm. Nakon toga je prodiranje boje procjenjivano softverom za analizu slika. Podatci su statistički analizirani (p 0,05). Uz to, nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između skupina kontaminiranih slinom i nekontaminiranih slinom, neovisno o testiranim dentalnim materijalima (p > 0,05). Zaključak: Uzimajući u obzir ograničenja ovog istraživanja, u otvorenim sendvič-restauracijama kontaminacija slinom nije štetno utjecala na mikropropuštanje, bez obzira na testirane dentalne materijale. Hibridni stakleni ionomeri i stakleni ionomeri modificirani smolom pokazali su lošije rezultate u mikropropusnosti na gingivnim rubovima u odnosu prema visokoviskoznim staklenoionomernim materijaloma u skupini bez kontaminacije.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the microleakage of conventional glass-ionomer, resin modified glass-ionomer and glass hybrid ionomer Class II open sandwich restorations with or without saliva contamination. Material and methods: Sixty extracted sound human molar teeth were used and 120 class II slot cavities were prepared in mesial and distal surfaces. The gingival margins were located 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction. All specimens were randomly divided in 4 groups (n=15): Group I: High-Viscous Glass Ionomer (Fuji IX GP) Group II: Resin Modified Glass Ion-omer (Fuji II LC) Group III: Glass Hybrid Ionomer (Equia-fil Forte), Group IV: Composite Resin (G’aenial Posterior). In open sandwich restoration groups, glass ionomer materials were placed to gingival floor in 1 mm thickness and rest of the cavity was filled with resin composite. After the restorations in mesial surfaces had been performed, distal cavities were restored with the same protocol after saliva contamination. The specimens were thermocycled for 10000 cycles at 5 0 C to 55 0 C and immersed in methylene blue dye solution (% 0,5) for 24 hours. Then, they were sectioned vertically through the center of the restorations from mesial to distal surface with a water-cooled diamond saw with 1mm thickness. Subsequently, the dye penetration was evaluated with image analysis software. Data were statistically analyzed (p0.05). Additionally, there was not a statistically significant difference between the no contamination and saliva contaminated groups regardless of dental materials tested (p>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, in open sandwich restorations, saliva contamination did not show an adverse effect on microleakage irrespective of dental materials tested. Glass hybrid ionomers and resin modified glass ionomers showed lower microleakage scores in gingival margins compared to high-viscous glass ionomer material in no contamination groups

Assessment of the Prevalence of Pulp Stones in a Sample of Turkish Central Anatolian Population

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulp stones (PS) in a Turkish dental patient population with respect to sexes and dental localization in relation between sex and this anomaly. Materials Methods. A retrospective study was performed using bitewing radiographs of 814 patients ranging in age from 15 to 65. All data (age, sex, and location) was obtained from the files. These patients were analyzed for pulp stones. Descriptive characteristics of sexes, jaws, and dental localization were recorded. The Pearson chi-squared test was used. Results. Of the patients, 462 (56.8%) were female and 352 (43.2%) were male. Sixty (12%) had one or more teeth that contained pulp stones. Pulp stones were identified in 518 (63.6%) of the subjects and in 2391 (27.8%) of the teeth examined. Pulp stone occurrence was significantly more common in the females than in males. With the increasing of age, the prevalence of pulp stones increased. Molars had statistically more pulp stones than premolars. Pulp stones were significantly more common in the maxilla compared with mandible. Conclusion. Prevalence of pulp stones in Turkish population was 27.8% but further larger-scale studies are required to assess its prevalence in the general population to compare it with other ethnic groups

Implementing PointNet for point cloud segmentation in the heritage context

Automated Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) from the point cloud data has been researched in the last decade as HBIM can be the integrated data model to bring together diverse sources of complex cultural content relating to heritage buildings. However, HBIM modelling from the scan data of heritage buildings is mainly manual and image processing techniques are insufficient for the segmentation of point cloud data to speed up and enhance the current workflow for HBIM modelling. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based deep learning methods such as PointNet are introduced in the literature for point cloud segmentation. Yet, their use is mainly for manufactured and clear geometric shapes and components. To what extent PointNet based segmentation is applicable for heritage buildings and how PointNet can be used for point cloud segmentation with the best possible accuracy (ACC) are tested and analysed in this paper. In this study, classification and segmentation processes are performed on the 3D point cloud data of heritage buildings in Gaziantep, Turkey. Accordingly, it proposes a novel approach of activity workflow for point cloud segmentation with deep learning using PointNet for the heritage buildings. Twenty-eight case study heritage buildings are used, and AI training is performed using five feature labelling for segmentation namely, walls, roofs, floors, doors, and windows for each of these 28 heritage buildings. The dataset is divided into clusters with 80% training dataset and 20% prediction test dataset. PointNet algorithm was unable to provide sufficient accuracy in segmenting the point clouds due to deformation and deterioration on the existing conditions of the heritage case study buildings. However, if PointNet algorithm is trained with the restitution-based heritage data, which is called synthetic data in the research, PointNet algorithm provides high accuracy. Thus, the proposed approach can build the baseline for the accurate classification and segmentation of the heritage buildings

Portal ductopathy: Clinical importance and nomenclature

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (PHT) accounts for about 20% of all PHT cases, portal vein thrombosis (PVT) resulting in cavernous transformation being the most common cause. All known complications of PHT may be encountered in patients with chronic PVT. However, the effect of this entity on the biliary tree and pancreatic duct has not yet been fully established. Additionally, a dispute remains regarding the nomenclature of common bile duct abnormalities which occur as a result of chronic PVT. Although many clinical reports have focused on biliary abnormalities, only a few have evaluated both the biliary and pancreatic ductal systems. In this review the relevant literature evaluating the effect of PVT on both ductal systems is discussed, and findings are considered with reference to results of a prominent center in Turkey, from which the term “portal ductopathy” has been put forth to replace “portal biliopathy”

Bulk-Fill kompozitlerin klinik olarak değerlendirilmesi

Tez (Doktora) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi108750

Clinical evaluation of bulk-fill composites

YÖK Tez ID: 414981Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hibrit bir posterior kompozit rezin ve üç farklı bulk-fill kompozit rezinin bir yıllık klinik performanslarını değerlendirmekti. Bireyler ve Metot: Bu çalışma okluzyona dâhil olan daimi dişlerinde en az dört adet Sınıf II çürük lezyonu bulunan toplam 50 hastada (22 erkek, 28 bayan) gerçekleştirildi. Her hastada dört farklı kompozit rezin kullanılarak toplamda 200 restorasyon yerleştirildi. Dört farklı grup sırasıyla 1) Clearfil Photo Posterior, 2) Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable ve Filtek P60, 3) Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill ve 4) SonicFill kompozit materyallerinden oluştu. Restorasyonlar aynı klinisyen tarafından uygulandı ve restorasyonların uygulanmasını takiben bir hafta sonra başlangıç skorlamaları gerçekleştirildi. Hastalar 12 ay boyunca üçer ay arayla kontrol edildi. Kontroller birbirleriyle kalibre edilmiş (Cohen Kappa indeksi = 0,82) deneyimli iki klinisyen tarafından yapıldı. Kontroller esnasında modifiye USPHS kriterlerinden yararlanıldı. Grup içi ve gruplar arası farklar SPSS 20.0 bilgisayar programında Kruskal Wallis ve Friedman testleri kullanılarak %95 güven aralığında analiz edildi. Bulgular: Hastaların bir yıl sonraki takip edilme oranı %86 olarak bulundu. Bir yıl sonunda bütün restorasyonlarda küçük değişiklikler saptandı. 12 ayın sonunda ikinci grup restorasyonların (Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow. ve Filtek P60) bazısında gözlenen bazı değişiklikler başlangıç skorlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p0,05). Bir yıl sonunda gruplar birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldıklarında materyaller arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı bulundu (p>0,05). Sonuç: 12 aylık bu klinik çalışmanın sınırlılığında 3 farklı bulk-fill kompozit ve posterior bölgede kullanılan hibrit bir kompozit rezinin klinik performansları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Bununla beraber daha uzun süreli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the one-year clinical performance of one posterior hybride composite resin and three bulk-fill composite resins. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (22 male, 28 female) with at least 4 Class II cavities in their permanent teeth and under occlusion were enrolled in this study. Totally 200 restorations were placed, 25% for each material. Four different groups consisted the following materials respectively, 1) Clearfil Photo Posterior, 2) Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable and Filtek P60, 3) Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, 4) SonicFill. Same operator were placed the restorations. One week later the patients were called for detecting the baseline scores. Two calibrated examiners (Cohen Kappa index = 0.82) evaluated the restorations once in every three months for one year according to modified USPHS criteria. The data was analyzed in SPSS 20.0 program. Kruskal Wallis and Friedman tests were used for the analysis at a confidence level of %95. Results: One year recall rate was 86%. All restorations showed minor modifications after one year. For the second group, some of the modifications were found statistically significant when compared with baseline scores (p0.05). Conclusion: With the limitations of this clinical study there were no statistically significant difference were found between the three bulk-fill and the posterior hybride composite resins. Further evaluations are necessary for the long-term clinical performances of these materials

Hizli Polimerizasyon Ve Asitleme Prosedürlerinin Sinif V Restorasyonlarinin Mikrosizintisina Etkisi

Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate theeffect of the rapid polymerization and etching procedure onmicroleakage scores of Class V restorations.Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were uniformlyprepared by one operator in 60 bovine incisors. The specimenswere randomly divided into six groups and restored as follows:Group 1: Selective enamel etching (SEE) sixth-generationadhesive system (AS) composite resin (CR) polymerizedat 3200 mW/cm2 for 6 s. Group 2: SEE sixth-generationAS CR polymerized at 1000 mW/cm2 for 20 s. Group 3: Noetching (NE) sixth-generation AS CR polymerized at 1000mW/cm2 for 20 s. Group 4: NE sixth-generation AS CRpolymerized at 3200 mW/cm2 for 6 s. Group 5: Total etching(TE) fifth-generation AS CR polymerized at 3200 mW/cm2for 6 s. Group 6: TE fifth-generation AS CR polymerized at1000 mW/cm2 for 20 s. After the thermal cycling procedure,all specimens were sectioned and microleakage scores wereevaluated by two operators. The data were analyzed usingKruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p 0.05).Results: Gingival microleakage scores were found higherthan incisal microleakage scores (p0.05). Results of themicroleakage test revealed that different cavity conditioningmethods, duration and power density of the light polymerizationprocedure significantly affected the microleakage rates at theincisal margins (p0.05).Conclusion: SEE with the sixth-generation AS reducedmicroleakage. Rapid polymerization procedures can beperformed for small Class V cavities using the etch-and-rinsesystem and SEE procedure.Amaç: Bu çalışma, Sınıf V restorasyonların mikrosızıntı skorlarıüzerine hızlı polimerizasyon ve asitleme prosedürlerinin etkisiniaraştırmayı amaçladı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Sınıf V kaviteler bir klinisyen tarafındanatmış sığır kesici dişine aynı şekilde hazırlandı. Örnekler rastgelealtı gruba ayrıldı ve şu şekilde restore edildi: Grup 1: Selektif mineasitlemesi 6. jenerasyon adeziv sistem 3200mW/cm2 güçte6 saniye polimerize edilen kompozit rezin. Grup 2: Selektif mineasitlemesi 6. jenerasyon adeziv sistem 1000mW/cm2 güçte20sn polimerize edilen kompozit rezin. Grup 3: Asitleme yok 6.jenerasyon adeziv sistem 1000mW/cm2 güçte 20sn polimerizeedilen kompozit rezin. Grup 4: Asitleme yok 6. jenerasyon adezivsistem 3200mW/cm2 güçte 6sn polimerize edilen kompozitrezin. Grup 5: Total asitleme 5. jenerasyon adeziv sistem 3200mW/cm2 güçte 6sn polimerize edilen kompozit rezin. Grup6: Total asitleme 5. jenerasyon adeziv sistem 10000mW/cm2güçte 20sn polimerize edilen kompozit rezin. Termal yaşlandırmasonrasında bütün örnekler ortadan ikiye bölündü ve mikrosızıntıdeğerleri iki araştırmacı tarafından değerlendirildi. Veriler KruskalWallis ve Mann Whitney U testleri kullanılarak SPSS 16.0 bilgisayarprogramında analiz edildi (p 0.05).Bulgular: Gingival mikrosızıntı değerleri insizal mikrosızıntıdeğerlerinden daha fazla bulundu (p0.05). Mikrosızıntı testi sonuçları,farklı kavite şartlandırma metotları ile ışıkla polimerizasyonda ışık gücüve süresinin insizal kenarlarda mikrosızıntı skorlarını anlamlı derecedeetkilediğini ortaya koydu (p0.05).Sonuç: Altıncı jenerasyon adeziv sistem kullanıldığındaselektif mine asitleme prosedürü mikrosızıntıyı azalttı. Hızlıpolimerizasyon prosedürü küçük kavitelerde ‘Asitle ve Yıka’grubu adeziv sistemlerle ve selektif mine asitlemesi prosedürüile birlikte kullanılabilir