Parametric analysis of thick plates subjected to earthquake excitations

Plates are structural elements commonly used in the building industry. A plate is considered to be a thin plate if the ratio of the plate thickness to the smaller span length is less than 1/20; it is considered to be a thick plate if this ratio is larger than 1/20. The purpose of this paper is to study shear locking-free analysis of thick plates using Mindlin’s theory and to determine the effects of the thickness/span ratio, the aspect ratio and the boundary conditions on the linear responses of thick plates subjected to earthquake excitations. Finite element formulation of the equations of the thick plate theory is derived by using second order displacement shape functions. A computer program using finite element method is coded in C++ to analyze the plates clamped or simply supported along all four edges. In the analysis, 17-noded finite element is used. Graphs and tables are presented that should help engineers in the design of thick plates subjected to earthquake excitations

Relationship between inflation and economic growth: The case of Turkey 1990-2017 period Enflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: 1990-2017 dönemi Türkiye örneği

Inflation and economic growth are among the fundamental macro economic indicators revealing the economical structure of the country. Since the year 1990s, due to high inflation rates and low growth rates the formation of the economic crisis, "relationship between inflation and economic growth" has started to create the axis of the economic debate. There are different opinions on the relationship between inflation and economic growth. These studies are vital for the progress of economy in developing countries like Turkey. So, in relationship to economic growth and inflation in Turkey in the study it was examined using annual data for the 1990-2017 period with time-series analysis. Granger Causality and Regression Analyses are used as a method for the study. As a result of the Granger Causality Analyses, it is found that there is a one-way causality relationship from inflation to growth. Consequently, inflation is affecting economic growth in Turkey. And according to the outcome of Regression Analyses, the coefficient of inflation is -0,8 and there is a negative directed relationship between inflation and growth. Eventually every 1% units of increase in the inflation causes a 0,8% units of decrease in the economic growth. This outcome is also analogous with the results of the researches that had been conducted for Turkey before.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetEnflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme, bir ülkenin ekonomik yapısı hakkında bilgi veren en önemli makro ekonomik göstergelerdendir. 1990’lı yıllardan sonra sıkça görülen yüksek enflasyon seviyelerine ve düşük büyüme oranlarına bağlı ekonomik krizler yaşanması nedeniyle, “enflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi” ekonomik tartışmaların merkezini oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Enflasyon ile büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin niteliği konusunda zaman içerisinde farklı görüşler ortaya atılmıştır. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkeler için, bu tip araştırmalar ekonominin gelişimi açısından çok önemlidir. Bundan hareketle, çalışmada Türkiye’deki enflasyon ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi, zaman serisi analizi ile 1990-2017 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak, Granger Nedensellik ve Regresyon Analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan Granger Nedensellik Analizi sonucunda, enflasyondan büyümeye doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuca göre, Türkiye’de enflasyon, büyümeyi etkilemektedir. Regresyon Analizi sonucuna göre ise, enflasyonun katsayısının -0,8 olduğu gözlemlenmiştir ve büyüme ile enflasyon arasında negatif yönde bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, enflasyondaki %1 birimlik bir artış, ekonomik büyümede %0,8 birimlik bir azalışa neden olmaktadır. Bu sonuç Türkiye için yapılan çalışmaların çoğundan elde edilen sonuçlarla da benzerlik göstermektedir

Overall cost optimization of prestressed concrete bridge using genetic algorithm

Overall cost optimization of Prestressed Concrete (PC) bridges is investigated in this study. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum span number and optimum cross-sectional properties of multi-span bridges. Considered bridge superstructure is constituted by adjacent simply supported pretensioned prestressed I-girders. Also, considered bridge substructure is constituted by single-column piers and rectangular spread footings. Span number, cross-section dimensions of prestressed girders and the area of Prestressing Steel (PS) are considered as design variables. PC girders, piers and footings are designed according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. A modified hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for the optimum design. Working stress, ultimate strength, ductility limits, deflection, and geometry constraints are considered. Total cost of the bridge is taken as optimality criterion. A computer program is coded to perform optimum design and numerical examples from the application are designed. One of these examples is used in this paper. It is concluded that GA can be effectively used in the overall cost optimization of PC bridges

The distribution of Leptocybe invasa Fisher and La Salle and Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hym.: Eulophidae) damage to eucalyptus trees in Muğla provice in Turkey

Kağıt sanayiinin vazgeçilmez hammaddesi olan okaliptüs, Muğla İli’nde de yetiştirilmektedir. Ayrıca, okaliptüsün kerestesinden çok değişik alanlarda yararlanılmakta, yapraklarından çeşitli tıbbi maddeler elde edilmektedir. Çalışmada okaliptüste zararlı olan Leptocybe invasa ve Ophelimus maskelli türlerinin Muğla İli’ndeki yayılışının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için, özellikle kağıtçılığın geliştiği Dalaman İlçesi ve ekonomik anlamda okaliptüs yetiştirilen Fethiye İlçesi’nde ikişer bölgede toplam 131 ağaç gözlenmiş ve zararlı ile bulaşık olan ve olmayan ağaçlar belirlenmiştir. İnceleme yapılan her örnekleme bölgesinde ince dallarda, sürgünlerde, yaprak-ların sap ve damarlarında gal oluşturan L. invasa ile yaprak ayalarında gal oluşturan O. maskelli türleri bulunmuştur. Gözlemlenen ağaçların %75,57’sinin her iki zararlı türle de bulaşık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bulaşık ağaçların hepsinde O. maskelli zararı görülürken, L. invasa’nın zararı ağaçların %74,75’inde görülmüştür.E ucalyptus, of great importance to the paper industry as a row material, is grown in Muğla Province. Moreover its lumber is made use of in various fields and its leaves are utilized for medical materials. In this study, it was aimed to find out the spread of these species, Leptocybe invasa and Ophelimus maskelli that are detrimental to eucalyptus in Muğla Province. In order to carry out this study, in Muğla, especially in Dalaman district, developed in terms of paper industry and Fethiye district in which eucalyptus trees are grown for economic reasons, 131 trees in total are observed in two regions and determined the trees that are infected and not infected with the pest. In every region that is used as a model, L. invasa which produces galls on fresh shoots, branches, stems and vascular of the leaves, and O. maskelli producing galls on palm of the leaf were found out. %75,57 of the trees, observed, it was determined that both of the pests were infected. The damage of O. maskelli is realized in all contaminated trees while L. invasa is detrimental only in %74,75 of them. In addition to this, in the course of the study, a parazitoit named called Cleosterocerus chamaeleon (Girault) (Hym.: Eulophidae) reared on O. maskelli

Okaliptüste zararlı olan Leptocybe invasa Fisher and La Salle ve Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hym.: Eulophidae)'nin Muğla ili'nde yayılışı

E ucalyptus, of great importance to the paper industry as a row material, is grown in Muğla Province. Moreover its lumber is made use of in various fields and its leaves are utilized for medical materials. in this study, it was aimed to find out the spread of these species, Leptocybe invasa and Ophelimus maskelli that are detrimental to eucalyptus in Muğla Province. in order to carry out this study, in Muğla, especially in Dalaman district, developed in terms of paper industry and Fethiye district in which eucalyptus trees are grown for economic reasons, 131 trees in total are observed in two regions and determined the trees that are infected and not infected with the pest. in every region that is used as a model, L. invasa which produces galls on fresh shoots, branches, stems and vascular of the leaves, and O. maskelli producing galls on palm of the leaf were found out. %75,57 of the trees, observed, it was determined that both of the pests were infected. the damage of O. maskelli is realized in all contaminated trees while L. invasa is detrimental only in %74,75 of them. in addition to this, in the course of the study, a parazitoit named called Cleosterocerus chamaeleon (Girault) (Hym.: Eulophidae) reared on O. maskelli.Kağıt sanayiinin vazgeçilmez hammaddesi olan okaliptüs, Muğla İli’nde de yetiştirilmektedir. Ayrıca, okaliptüsün kerestesinden çok değişik alanlarda yararlanılmakta, yapraklarından çeşitli tıbbi maddeler elde edilmektedir. Çalışmada okaliptüste zararlı olan Leptocybe invasa ve Ophelimus maskelli türlerinin Muğla İli’ndeki yayılışının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için, özellikle kağıtçılığın geliştiği Dalaman İlçesi ve ekonomik anlamda okaliptüs yetiştirilen Fethiye İlçesi’nde ikişer bölgede toplam 131 ağaç gözlenmiş ve zararlı ile bulaşık olan ve olmayan ağaçlar belirlenmiştir. İnceleme yapılan her örnekleme bölgesinde ince dallarda, sürgünlerde, yaprak-ların sap ve damarlarında gal oluşturan L. invasa ile yaprak ayalarında gal oluşturan O. maskelli türleri bulunmuştur. Gözlemlenen ağaçların %75,57’sinin her iki zararlı türle de bulaşık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bulaşık ağaçların hepsinde O. maskelli zararı görülürken, L. invasa’nın zararı ağaçların %74,75’inde görülmüştür

Yeni Bir Felsefe Işığında Yan Sanayilerden Beklenenler ve Tam Zamanında Üretim

Today, one of the most important sector in an economy is the production sector, the importance of goods and services sectors are increasing at a fastly every day. Until today, competitive conditions, efficiency, productivity and quality of production, forced to the firms to put more emphasis on production systems. Therefore, the firms are more interested in scientific analysis, planning and controllingof the their production systems. As a result, one of the newest approaches is ‘Just in Time (JIT)’ production system which emerged after WWII in Japan and aims to decrease the inventory cost and maximize the quality. The philosophy of this approach is to produce the necessary amount of production, when and where needed at the required quality. The aims of JIT is to improve the product and the process continously. The aim of this study is to investigate JIT as a new approach for Turkey in all aspects and analyze its applicability for firms

SHEWHART Kontrol Kartlarında (Çizelgesinde) Tasarım Parametrelerinin Seçimi Üzerine Bir Uygulama(An Application About The Selection of Design Parameters at The SHEWHART Control Charts)

The economical designs of SHEWHART control charts have been improved around by the principle of balancing between control efficiency and its costs.In this study, the packet programme which was designed by Montgomery to prevent the errors and the wastage of recources during sample process to determinate of the economic designparameter has been used .With this programme, by paying attention to the lost functions and unit cost,design parameters, sample size, sample range and the coefficient of control limits has been determinated

Flamingonun (Phoenicopterus roseus) Beslenme Özellikleri

Feeding biology of the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) was investigated between May 2010 and May 2011 in Burdur Lake. Individuals of the species preferred to feed on walking on locations separated locations from other species. We observed that small , moderate and large and resting to by creating groups of individuals fed a dip in the central part of the lake and the shore on foot in the morning , noon and evening . In May-September 2010 period, we defined that individuals fed about 11 hours in day. While the distance between individuals was 1 meter when feeding normally, this distance was reduced during cold winter months. However, feeding on the banks of the muddy fields of the distance between individuals had expanded. While standing or walking in a certain place beak were muddy surface show an average of 24 second