8 research outputs found
Sugar Content in Processed Foods in Spain and a Comparison of Mandatory Nutrition Labelling and Laboratory Values
To reduce the sugar content of processed foods through reformulation, the first step is to determine the content of the largest sources of sugars in each countryâs diet. The aim of this work was to describe the sugar content in the most commonly consumed processed foods in Spain and to compare that sugarâs labelling and laboratory analysis values (LVs and AVs, respectively) to confirm its adequacy. A sample of the 1173 most commonly consumed processed foods in Spain (28 groups; 77 subcategories) was collected. For each product, the total sugar content was compared according to its AV and LV. The median (25th â75th percentiles, interquartile range) sugar content by group was calculated for the total sample, and the groups were classified as âhigh sugar contentâ when this value was above 22.5 g/100g of product. The adequacy of the LV, according to the European Union (EU) tolerance requirements, was then evaluated, and each subcategory median was compared with the AV to determine its appropriateness via a median test for independent samples (p < 0.05). In total, 10 out of 28 groups presented high sugar content. Moreover, 98.4% of the products met the EU tolerance ranges. Finally, only one subcategory (âcured hamâ) presented significant differences between the AV and LV median values (0.4 g vs. 0.1 g sugar/100g, p < 0.05). The groups of food products whose sugar content reduction could have the greatest impact on public health were identified. In addition, our study showed the high adequacy of LV with the EU labeling tolerance requirements, as well as the LVâs appropriateness as a tool to implement actions aimed at reducing sugar consumption
Effect of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Some large prospective studies on olive oil consumption and risk of chronic disease sug-
gested protective effects.
Objective: We conducted an outcome-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort
studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the association between olive oil consumption
and the primary risk of 4 different outcomes: cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D)
or all-cause mortality through January 2022.
Methods: Thirty-six studies were included in the systematic review and twenty-seven studies (24 pro-
spective cohorts and 3 different reports from one RCT) were assessed in 4 quantitative random-effects
meta-analyses. They included a total of 806,203 participants with 49,223 CVD events; 1,285,064 par-
ticipants with 58,892 incident cases of cancer; 680,239 participants with 13,389 incident cases of T2D;
and 733,420 participants with 174,081 deaths. Olive oil consumption was most frequently measured with
validated food frequency questionnaires. Studies follow-up ranged between 3.7 and 28 years.
Results: A 16% reduced risk of CVD (relative risk [RR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.94),
standardized for every additional olive oil consumption of 25 g/d was found. No significant association
with cancer risk was observed (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03, per 25 g/d). Olive oil consumption was
associated with a 22% lower relative risk of T2D (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.87, per 25 g/d) without
evidence of heterogeneity. Similarly, it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89; 95%
CI: 0.85 to 0.93, per 25 g/d). Only the results for T2D were homogeneous. Specific sources of hetero-
geneity for the other 3 outcomes were not always apparent.
Conclusions: Prospective studies supported a beneficial association of olive oil consumption with CVD,
T2D and all-cause mortality, but they did not show any association with cancer risk
Effect of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Some large prospective studies on olive oil consumption and risk of chronic disease suggested protective effects.
Objective: We conducted an outcome-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the association between olive oil consumption and the primary risk of 4 different outcomes: cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D) or all-cause mortality through January 2022.
Methods: Thirty-six studies were included in the systematic review and twenty-seven studies (24 prospective cohorts and 3 different reports from one RCT) were assessed in 4 quantitative random-effects meta-analyses. They included a total of 806,203 participants with 49,223 CVD events; 1,285,064 participants with 58,892 incident cases of cancer; 680,239 participants with 13,389 incident cases of T2D; and 733,420 participants with 174,081 deaths. Olive oil consumption was most frequently measured with validated food frequency questionnaires. Studies follow-up ranged between 3.7 and 28 years.
Results: A 16% reduced risk of CVD (relative risk [RR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.94), standardized for every additional olive oil consumption of 25 g/d was found. No significant association with cancer risk was observed (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03, per 25 g/d). Olive oil consumption was associated with a 22% lower relative risk of T2D (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.87, per 25 g/d) without evidence of heterogeneity. Similarly, it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.93, per 25 g/d). Only the results for T2D were homogeneous. Specific sources of heterogeneity for the other 3 outcomes were not always apparent.
Conclusions: Prospective studies supported a beneficial association of olive oil consumption with CVD, T2D and all-cause mortality, but they did not show any association with cancer risk
Células multipotentes y progenitores en el sistema nervioso central señales de supervivencia y diferenciación durante el desarrollo
Tesis Doctoral inĂ©dita leĂda en la Universidad AutĂłnoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de BiologĂa Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 24-09-200
Modulation of the PI3Kinase/Akt signalling pathway by IGF-I and PTEN regulates the differentiation of neural Ătem/precursor cells
10 pĂĄginas, 8 figuras -- PAGS nros. 2739-2748Neural stem cells depend on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for differentiation. We analysed how activation and inhibition of the PI 3-kinaseâAkt signalling affects the number and differentiation of mouse olfactory bulb stem cells (OBSCs). Stimulation of the pathway with insulin and/or IGF-I, led to an increase in Akt phosphorylated on residues Ser473 and Thr308 (P-AktSer473 and P-AktThr308, respectively) in proliferating OBSCs, and in differentiating cells. Conversely, P-AktSer473 levels decreased by 50% in the OB of embryonic day 16.5-18.5 IGF-I knockout mouse embryos. Overexpression of PTEN, a negative regulator of the PI 3-kinase pathway, caused a reduction in the basal levels of P-AktSer473 and P-AktThr308 and a minor reduction in IGF-I-stimulated P-AktSer473. Although PTEN overexpression decreased the proportion of neurons and astrocytes in the absence of insulin/IGF-I, it did not alter the proliferation or survival of OBSCs. Accordingly, overexpression of a catalytically inactive PTEN mutant promoted OBSCs differentiation. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase by LY294002 produced strong and moderate reductions in IGF-I-stimulated P-AktSer473 and P-AktThr308, respectively. Consequently, LY294002 reduced the proliferation of OBSCs and the number of neurons and astrocytes, and also augmented cell death. These findings indicate that OBSC differentiation is more sensitive to lower basal levels of P-Akt than proliferation or death. By regulating P-Akt levels in opposite ways, IGF-I and PTEN contribute to the fine control of neurogenesis in the olfactory bulbThis work was funded by the grants from the MEC (Spain) BFU 2004-2352 to F.d.P., SAF2004-05798 to C.V.-A. and BMC 2003-07751 to E.J.d.l.R., and from the FundaciĂłn "la Caixa" NE03/72-02 to C.V.-A. G.O., M.J.Y.-B, E.V.-V. and H.R.M.-G. were supported by doctoral fellowships either from the MEC or the "Comunidad AutĂłnoma de Madrid"Peer reviewe
Effect of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Some large prospective studies on olive oil consumption and risk of chronic disease sug-
gested protective effects.
Objective: We conducted an outcome-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort
studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the association between olive oil consumption
and the primary risk of 4 different outcomes: cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D)
or all-cause mortality through January 2022.
Methods: Thirty-six studies were included in the systematic review and twenty-seven studies (24 pro-
spective cohorts and 3 different reports from one RCT) were assessed in 4 quantitative random-effects
meta-analyses. They included a total of 806,203 participants with 49,223 CVD events; 1,285,064 par-
ticipants with 58,892 incident cases of cancer; 680,239 participants with 13,389 incident cases of T2D;
and 733,420 participants with 174,081 deaths. Olive oil consumption was most frequently measured with
validated food frequency questionnaires. Studies follow-up ranged between 3.7 and 28 years.
Results: A 16% reduced risk of CVD (relative risk [RR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.94),
standardized for every additional olive oil consumption of 25 g/d was found. No significant association
with cancer risk was observed (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03, per 25 g/d). Olive oil consumption was
associated with a 22% lower relative risk of T2D (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.87, per 25 g/d) without
evidence of heterogeneity. Similarly, it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89; 95%
CI: 0.85 to 0.93, per 25 g/d). Only the results for T2D were homogeneous. Specific sources of hetero-
geneity for the other 3 outcomes were not always apparent.
Conclusions: Prospective studies supported a beneficial association of olive oil consumption with CVD,
T2D and all-cause mortality, but they did not show any association with cancer risk
Effect of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Some large prospective studies on olive oil consumption and risk of chronic disease suggested protective effects.
Objective: We conducted an outcome-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the association between olive oil consumption and the primary risk of 4 different outcomes: cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D) or all-cause mortality through January 2022.
Methods: Thirty-six studies were included in the systematic review and twenty-seven studies (24 prospective cohorts and 3 different reports from one RCT) were assessed in 4 quantitative random-effects meta-analyses. They included a total of 806,203 participants with 49,223 CVD events; 1,285,064 participants with 58,892 incident cases of cancer; 680,239 participants with 13,389 incident cases of T2D; and 733,420 participants with 174,081 deaths. Olive oil consumption was most frequently measured with validated food frequency questionnaires. Studies follow-up ranged between 3.7 and 28 years.
Results: A 16% reduced risk of CVD (relative risk [RR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.94), standardized for every additional olive oil consumption of 25 g/d was found. No significant association with cancer risk was observed (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03, per 25 g/d). Olive oil consumption was associated with a 22% lower relative risk of T2D (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.87, per 25 g/d) without evidence of heterogeneity. Similarly, it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.93, per 25 g/d). Only the results for T2D were homogeneous. Specific sources of heterogeneity for the other 3 outcomes were not always apparent.
Conclusions: Prospective studies supported a beneficial association of olive oil consumption with CVD, T2D and all-cause mortality, but they did not show any association with cancer risk
Sugar Content in Processed Foods in Spain and a Comparison of Mandatory Nutrition Labelling and Laboratory Values
To reduce the sugar content of processed foods through reformulation, the first step is to determine the content of the largest sources of sugars in each country’s diet. The aim of this work was to describe the sugar content in the most commonly consumed processed foods in Spain and to compare that sugar’s labelling and laboratory analysis values (LVs and AVs, respectively) to confirm its adequacy. A sample of the 1173 most commonly consumed processed foods in Spain (28 groups; 77 subcategories) was collected. For each product, the total sugar content was compared according to its AV and LV. The median (25th –75th percentiles, interquartile range) sugar content by group was calculated for the total sample, and the groups were classified as “high sugar content” when this value was above 22.5 g/100g of product. The adequacy of the LV, according to the European Union (EU) tolerance requirements, was then evaluated, and each subcategory median was compared with the AV to determine its appropriateness via a median test for independent samples (p < 0.05). In total, 10 out of 28 groups presented high sugar content. Moreover, 98.4% of the products met the EU tolerance ranges. Finally, only one subcategory (“cured ham”) presented significant differences between the AV and LV median values (0.4 g vs. 0.1 g sugar/100g, p < 0.05). The groups of food products whose sugar content reduction could have the greatest impact on public health were identified. In addition, our study showed the high adequacy of LV with the EU labeling tolerance requirements, as well as the LV’s appropriateness as a tool to implement actions aimed at reducing sugar consumption