Improved Use of Drone Imagery for Malaria Vector Control through Technology-Assisted Digitizing (TAD)

Drones have the potential to revolutionize malaria vector control initiatives through rapid and accurate mapping of potential malarial mosquito larval habitats to help direct field Larval Source Management (LSM) efforts. However, there are no clear recommendations on how these habitats can be extracted from drone imagery in an operational context. This paper compares the results of two mapping approaches: supervised image classification using machine learning and Technology-Assisted Digitising (TAD) mapping that employs a new region growing tool suitable for non-experts. These approaches were applied concurrently to drone imagery acquired at seven sites in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania. Whilst the two approaches were similar in processing time, the TAD approach significantly outperformed the supervised classification approach at all sites (t = 5.1, p < 0.01). Overall accuracy scores (mean overall accuracy 62%) suggest that a supervised classification approach is unsuitable for mapping potential malarial mosquito larval habitats in Zanzibar, whereas the TAD approach offers a simple and accurate (mean overall accuracy 96%) means of mapping these complex features. We recommend that this approach be used alongside targeted ground-based surveying (i.e., in areas inappropriate for drone surveying) for generating precise and accurate spatial intelligence to support operational LSM programmes

The Role of Livelihood Diversification for Household Food Security: The Case of Kebridahar District, Korahey Zone of Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia

The majority of the Ethiopia populations live in a rural area which their livelihood heavily depends on rain-fed agriculture. The rainfall pattern of the area is fluctuating from season to season, which causes food insecurity problems. The rural people of the study area participated different income-generating activities but it seems ineffective. To investigate the impact of livelihood diversification on household’s food security in study area, multi-stage sampling methods was employed to select 119 representative household heads from kebridahar district. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic and econometric model of probit Logistic Regression was used for this. The data analysis tools were conducted such as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versions 20 and STATA Software. The study HHs 77.3 % of them said that participating in different livelihood activities has a positive impact for household food security whereas 22.7 % of them responded that participating difference livelihood activities have no longer impact on household food security because it needs start-up capital. The livelihood diversification impacted household food security among MHHs and FHHs differently. The main source of food in the study households categorized as 10.1% of them depends food from the own production, 79% of them depends food from their Purchase whereby, 10.9% of them depends their food source for government support. In this study 54.6% of the sampled households was food secure, whereby 45.4% of them was food insecure with 3140.19 kcal and 1437.54kcal intake respectively. The model revealed that sex being female head and limited extension contact was negatively impacted HH food security whereas, education level of household head and livestock holding positively impacted household food security. It can conclude livelihood diversification play great role for improving the household’s food security status as a whole. Therefore the household’s should contribution in different income generating activities as implication of household food security. Keywords: food security, livelihood diversification, probit regression model, DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-17-01 Publication date:September 30th 202

Anti-Money Laundering Framework in Nigeria: An Umbrella with Wide Leakage

Nigeria has consistently been in the international illicit financial transactions global monitoring watch list. The country is reputed for massive public corruption and mismanagement. In tackling the menace of corruption and money laundering activities, several laws and regulatory framework has be enacted by the Nigerian Government particularly in the wake of the democratic rule in 1999 – 2003. However, despite the unbroken chains of laws and the enactment of formidable codes of conduct and international best practices, corruption and money laundering activities remain prevalent in the country. The International Illicit Financial Regulators, therefore, continue to advocate for more stringent laws in combating Money Laundering activities by the Politically Exposed Persons and the Nigerian elites. The paper contends that the challenge militating against the efforts to combat money laundering in the country is not lack of appropriate legislation but ineffective and inefficient political institutions. The paper therefore advocates for the strengthening of political institutions by removing constitutional impediments in the current legal regime. The paper equally advocates for the introduction of Unexplained Wealth Order in Nigeria as it is currently practiced in the UK. Key Words: Money Laundering, Corruption, Nigeria, Political Exposed Persons, Anti-Money Laundering, FAFT, United Kingdom, Unexplained Wealth Order

The Role of Livelihood Diversification for Household Food Security: The Case of Kebridahar District, Korahey Zone of Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia

The majority of the Ethiopia populations live in a rural area which their livelihood heavily depends on rain-fed agriculture. The rainfall pattern of the area is fluctuating from season to season, which causes food insecurity problems. The rural people of the study area participated different income-generating activities but it seems ineffective. To investigate the impact of livelihood diversification on household’s food security in study area, multi-stage sampling methods was employed to select 119 representative household heads from kebridahar district. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic and econometric model of probit Logistic Regression was used for this. The data analysis tools were conducted such as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versions 20 and STATA Software. The study HHs 77.3 % of them said that participating in different livelihood activities has a positive impact for household food security whereas 22.7 % of them responded that participating difference livelihood activities have no longer impact on household food security because it needs start-up capital. The livelihood diversification impacted household food security among MHHs and FHHs differently. The main source of food in the study households categorized as 10.1% of them depends food from the own production, 79% of them depends food from their Purchase whereby, 10.9% of them depends their food source for government support. In this study 54.6% of the sampled households was food secure, whereby 45.4% of them was food insecure with 3140.19 kcal and 1437.54kcal intake respectively. The model revealed that sex being female head and limited extension contact was negatively impacted HH food security whereas, education level of household head and livestock holding positively impacted household food security. It can conclude livelihood diversification play great role for improving the household’s food security status as a whole. Therefore the household’s should contribution in different income generating activities as implication of household food security. Keywords: food security; livelihood diversification; probit regression model (;) DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/118-03 Publication date:August 31st 202

Challenges of Humanitarian Logistics on disaster management: The experience of Corona Pandemic in Tanzania

Despite the government of Tanzania's multiple measures to combat the coronavirus epidemic, there is still a lot of misery and human death that is recorded from time to time. The goal of this research was to determine the role of coordination, transportation, and information and communication technology in the performance of humanitarian operations during the coronavirus pandemic and to give recommendations for how to improve it. The data was collected via a questionnaire from a sample of six referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam and the Coastal Region using quantitative methodologies and an explanatory research methodology. Using descriptive data analysis, the mean and standard deviation of the findings were computed, and the data were then summarized using frequency distribution tables before being analyzed using a multiple regression model. All independent factors demonstrated a significant positive relationship with humanitarian relief performance, including coordination, transportation, and information communication technology (p0.05). For better humanitarian relief operation performance, the study recommended that referral hospitals management ensure that there are adequate facilities for distribution of relief requirements, the required materials/ facilities arrive on time and adequate ICT facilities for coordination of all stakeholders in the relief operation

Modelling and simulation of adsorption process for removal of CO2 from natural gas in an offshore platform

The presence of CO2 in natural gas causes pipeline corrosion and increases operating costs during transfer from the offshore production platforms to the storage terminal. Due to space limitation and harsh operating environment, a robust and compact process such as pressure swing adsorption is preferable. To facilitate the study of process dynamics, simulation studies based on a derived mathematical model on a MATLAB software is presented. The effect of design parameters, focusing on the column height is considered, and it is found that for a typical laboratory scaled apparatus having diameter of 0.5 m. The maximum height required to adsorb 99 % CO2 is 3 m when the feed flow rate is fixed at 2.5 m3/s. The size of adsorbent particles is also impacting separation efficiency, and the optimum particle radius is found to be 1.25x10-3 m and the bed porosity was 0.2. Sensitivity analyses on the main operating parameters are also investigated. It is found that the initial CO2 feed composition has positive relationship to the adsorption efficiency. The 0.4 mole fraction was found to have sufficient separation efficiency of 90 %. The model is also tested for representing a typical industrial operation with 120 mmscfd. In this case, for a 4 m diameter column, a column height of 20 m is required. This is achieved with a 4 bed PSA system at a flow rate of 10.05 m3/s for each, and an optimum separation of 87 % is established. Based on the results obtained in this work it can be concluded that the model is a reasonable representation of the system and can be used to obtain the necessary process insights for further process development

Conversion to Islam in Japan : An Analysis of Conversion Stories from the 1980s to Early 2000s

Special Feature 2 : Japanese Studies Research Papers in Englis

Utilization of Antenatal care and Delivery services in Sagamu, South Western Nigeria

A survey of 392 women who had carried at least one pregnancy to term in Sagamu, South-Western Nigeria was conducted to determine the pattern of use of maternity services and assess factors that mayinfluence the observed pattern. Majority of the women received antenatal care (84.6%) during their last pregnancy. Four-fifth of those who received ANC first attended the clinic during the second trimester(79.6%). The places of delivery were government facilities (54.8%), private hospital (24.5%), traditional birth attendants (13.5%) and spiritual healing homes (5.6%). Higher educational status and higher level of income positively affected the pattern of use of these services (

Changes in FGM/C in Somaliland: Medical narrative driving shift in types of cutting

In Somalia, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) prevalence is nearly universal at 98 percent. This qualitative study sought to explore: 1) views and experiences of married and unmarried men and women on FGM/C and potential changes in its practice; 2) individual, family, and societal factors contributing to any changes, or continuation of FGM/C; 3) the knowledge, views, and experiences of healthcare workers who offer FGM/C services and their role as change agents rather than providers; and 4) how healthcare systems’ capacities can be strengthened for management and prevention. The study finds that normative changes appear to be occurring in Somaliland society and there is a growing readiness for change. However, the nature of that change is not toward the abandonment of the practice per se, but rather its transformation into a more socially acceptable version, thus reinforcing the continuity of the practice