Kinetic analysis of the reduction of zinc and iron oxides from dust and slurry

The reduction of zinc and iron oxides from blast-furnace slurry and gas-purification dust at steel furnaces by heating with carbon is studied in physicochemical terms. Kinetic analysis reveals the optimal parameters of furnace reduction. Initial data are obtained for the development of a reduction technology for zinc and iron oxides. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Research of Iron-Rich Pellet Oxide Reduction by Carbon

Advantages of iron-rich pellet use in steelmaking in electric furnaces as compared to steelmaking scrap were reviewed. Decomposition of carbon and hydrocarbon oxides with carbon release was observed at the Kachkanar iron-rich pellet cooling in shaft furnaces, where they were reduced. The released carbon interacts with iron oxides and alloying elements. Derivatorgraphic research was carried out, which allowed establishing the temperature ranges of the iron oxide and alloying element reduction process as well as reaction mechanism depending on the carbon amount. To investigate the nature of alloying element distribution among the metal and slag phases a mineralogical analysis was carried out for carbon containing iron-rich Kachkanar pellets. The carried out research on alloying element (vanadium, titanium, manganese) distribution in Kachkanar iron-rich pellets after their post-reduction allowed process flow development for preparation of charge materials for steelmaking using spongy iron. A process was developed for vanadium and titanium containing alloying element production from iron-rich pellets containing carbon. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Action Planning for Improvement of Design and Operating Parameters of Ball-Bearing Steel Tube Annealing

Annealing process was reviewed for hot rolled 100Cr6 steel tubes in a chamber furnace with subhearth burners. Based on the obtained results of thermotechnical testing at the chamber furnace it was detected that the current annealing curve conceptually do not allow production of satisfactory quality tube in the course of annealing. As a result an adjusted curve corresponding to the annealing requirements for 100Cr6 steel and chamber furnace capabilities was proposed. Causes were determined for poor quality tube annealing and detailed review was carried out for chamber furnace capabilities in terms of required heat treatment duration ensuring sufficiently high quality of annealed tubes. List of actions allowing significant improvement of chamber furnace performance and annealed tube quality was considered. Chamber furnace renovation option was proposed where the total heat treatment time of tubes may be reduced significantly through heat transfer process intensification in the furnace working space, uniformity of tube heating in the batch, annealing quality and therefore furnace performance may be improved. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Catalytic reductive N-alkylation of amines using carboxylic acids

We report a catalytic reductive alkylation reaction of primary or secondary amines with carboxylic acids. The two-phase process involves silane mediated direct amidation followed by catalytic reduction