Molecular buffer using a PANDA ring resonator for drug delivery use

A novel design of molecular buffer for molecule storage and delivery using a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. The optical vortices can be generated and controlled to form the trapping tools in the same way as the optical tweezers. In theory, the trapping force is formed by the combination between the gradient field and scattering photons, which is reviewed. By using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator, the required molecules can be trapped and moved (transported) dynamically within the wavelength router or network, ie, a molecular buffer. This can be performed within the wavelength router before reaching the required destination. The advantage of the proposed system is that a transmitter and receiver can be formed within the same system, which is available for molecule storage and transportation

Generation of THz frequency using PANDA ring resonator for THz imaging

In this study, we have generated terahertz (THz) frequency by a novel design of microring resonators for medical applications. The dense wavelength-division multiplexing can be generated and obtained by using a Gaussian pulse propagating within a modified PANDA ring resonator and an add/drop filter system. Our results show that the THz frequency region can be obtained between 40–50 THz. This area of frequency provides a reliable frequency band for THz pulsed imaging

Effect of separation length on dual fibre Bragg gratings

This paper will investigate the transmission series of dual FBGs when the separation length between two FBGs is varied from 0.5 cm to 5.5 cm. The transfer matrix 2×2 is applied to complete the work. The introduction of separation length affects the transmission spectrum, indicated by the numbers of minimum dip values. Result shows that increasing the separation length between two FBGs lead to the formation of phase shift and increases the number of minimum transmission dip

Muscle Sensor Model Using Small Scale Optical Device for Pattern Recognitions

A new sensor system for measuring contraction and relaxation of muscles by using a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. The small scale optical device is designed and configured to perform the coupling effects between the changes in optical device phase shift and human facial muscle movement, which can be used to form the relationship between optical phase shift and muscle movement. By using the Optiwave and MATLAB programs, the results obtained have shown that the measurement of the contraction and relaxation of muscles can be obtained after the muscle movements, in which the unique pattern of individual muscle movement from facial expression can be established. The obtained simulation results, that is, interference signal patterns, can be used to form the various pattern recognitions, which are useful for the human machine interface and the human computer interface application and discussed in detail

Embedded nanomicro syringe on chip for molecular therapy

Muhammad Arif Jalil1, Nathaporn Suwanpayak2,3, Kathawut Kulsirirat3, Saisudawan Suttirak3, Jalil Ali4, Preecha P Yupapin31Ibnu Sina Institute of Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; 2King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chumphon Campus, Chumphon, Thailand; 3Nanoscale Science and Engineering Research Alliance, Advanced Research Center for Photonics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand; 4Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, MalaysiaBackground: A novel nanomicro syringe system was proposed for drug storage and delivery using a PANDA ring resonator and atomic buffer. A PANDA ring is a modified optical add/drop filter, named after the well known Chinese bear. In principle, the molecule/drug is trapped by the force generated by different combinations of gradient fields and scattering photons within the PANDA ring. A nanomicro needle system can be formed by optical vortices in the liquid core waveguide which can be embedded on a chip, and can be used for long-term treatment. By using intense optical vortices, the required genes/molecules can be trapped and transported dynamically to the intended destinations via the nanomicro syringe, which is available for drug delivery to target tissues, in particular tumors. The advantage of the proposed system is that by confining the treatment area, the effect can be decreased. The use of different optical vortices for therapeutic efficiency is also discussed.Keywords: nanomicro syringe, nanomicro needle, molecular therapy, therapeutic efficiency, cance

Design of integrated scanning laser Doppler velocitmeter using arrayed waveguide gratings

AbstractAn integrated scanned differential LDV has been proposed using planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. By using the proposed LDV, the measurement position can be scanned in depth direction without any mechanical movement. The PLC technology is utilized in the proposed design for achieving a compact optical circuit. The characteristics of the proposed LDV are simulated with a design model based on grating equations for AWGs. The simulation result reveals that the measurement position can be changed over the range of 46 mm in the depth direction without mechanical movement when the displacement between output sides of two waveguide arrays is 30 mm

Temperature sensing with Fibre Bragg Grating and No-Core Fibre

In this paper, optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and no-core fibre (NCF) sensors have been investigated for their performance in the temperature range 30–100 �C. The change in Bragg and NCF wavelengths with temperature changes was used to determine the performance and sensitivity of the sensors. The gradient of D kFBG and kNCF versus temperature leads the sensitivity of the FBG and NCF sensors as 23.97 and 20.08 pm/�C, respectivel

Acoustic cardiac signals analysis: a Kalman filter–based approach

Auscultation of the heart is accompanied by both electrical activity and sound. Heart auscultation provides clues to diagnose many cardiac abnormalities. Unfortunately, detection of relevant symptoms and diagnosis based on heart sound through a stethoscope is difficult. The reason GPs find this difficult is that the heart sounds are of short duration and separated from one another by less than 30 ms. In addition, the cost of false positives constitutes wasted time and emotional anxiety for both patient and GP. Many heart diseases cause changes in heart sound, waveform, and additional murmurs before other signs and symptoms appear. Heart-sound auscultation is the primary test conducted by GPs. These sounds are generated primarily by turbulent flow of blood in the heart. Analysis of heart sounds requires a quiet environment with minimum ambient noise. In order to address such issues, the technique of denoising and estimating the biomedical heart signal is proposed in this investigation. Normally, the performance of the filter naturally depends on prior information related to the statistical properties of the signal and the background noise. This paper proposes Kalman filtering for denoising statistical heart sound. The cycles of heart sounds are certain to follow first-order Gauss–Markov process. These cycles are observed with additional noise for the given measurement. The model is formulated into state-space form to enable use of a Kalman filter to estimate the clean cycles of heart sounds. The estimates obtained by Kalman filtering are optimal in mean squared sense

Optical bistability in all-pass mobius configuration microring resonator

A novel design of microring resonator called all-pass Mobius ring resonator is used to study optical bistability effect and spectral transmission for all-optical switching application with clockwise hysteresis loop operation. The bright soliton pulse is applied as the input source of the system. The propagation of the pulses within the system is simulated using the transfer matrix analysis. The all-pass Mobius ring resonator is able to operate under high nonlinearity as it has longer propagation length per roundtrip. The all-pass Mobius provides low transmission peak power of 3.65 mW as compared to the conventional all-pass configuration. The output-to-input relation of both design shows that the Mobius configuration is able to generate a higher hysteresis loop width of the bistable signal from 15.79 mW to 18.10 mW input power. The switching power of the optical bistability in Mobius configuration is 3.67 mW for threshold power of 16.95mW. This work shows the Mobius configuration is more suitable to be used for all-optical switching application as compared to the conventional all-pass ring resonator configuration