Bis[bis­(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro­dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine)ruthenium(II)] tetra­kis(perchlorate) acetonitrile disolvate monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ru(C12H12N2)2(C18H14N4)]2(ClO4)4·2CH3CN·H2O, contains two RuII complex cations, four perchlorate counter-anions, two uncoord­inated acetonitrile mol­ecules and one water mol­ecule. The RuII ions are chelated by one 10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro­dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dpqc) and two 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (dmb) ligands in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The uncoordinated water mol­ecule is disordered over three positions, with occupancy factors of 0.398 (9), 0.312 (8) and 0.290 (8). A supra­molecular structure is formed by weak π–π inter­actions between neighbouring mol­ecules, with face-to-face distances of 3.51 (1) Å [centroid–centroid distance 3.81 (1) Å]

Efficient Temporal Butterfly Counting and Enumeration on Temporal Bipartite Graphs

Bipartite graphs model relationships between two different sets of entities, like actor-movie, user-item, and author-paper. The butterfly, a 4-vertices 4-edges $2\times 2$ bi-clique, is the simplest cohesive motif in a bipartite graph and is the fundamental component of higher-order substructures. Counting and enumerating the butterflies offer significant benefits across various applications, including fraud detection, graph embedding, and community search. While the corresponding motif, the triangle, in the unipartite graphs has been widely studied in both static and temporal settings, the extension of butterfly to temporal bipartite graphs remains unexplored. In this paper, we investigate the temporal butterfly counting and enumeration problem: count and enumerate the butterflies whose edges establish following a certain order within a given duration. Towards efficient computation, we devise a non-trivial baseline rooted in the state-of-the-art butterfly counting algorithm on static graphs, further, explore the intrinsic property of the temporal butterfly, and develop a new optimization framework with a compact data structure and effective priority strategy. The time complexity is proved to be significantly reduced without compromising on space efficiency. In addition, we generalize our algorithms to practical streaming settings and multi-core computing architectures. Our extensive experiments on 11 large-scale real-world datasets demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our solutions

Cytokinin Transporters: Multisite Players in Cytokinin Homeostasis and Signal Distribution

Cytokinins (CKs) are a group of mobile adenine derivatives that act as chemical signals regulating a variety of biological processes implicated in plant development and stress responses. Their synthesis, homeostasis, and signaling perception evoke complicated intracellular traffic, intercellular movement, and in short- and long-distance translocation. Over nearly two decades, subsets of membrane transporters have been recognized and implicated in the transport of CKs as well as the related adenylates. In this review, we aim to recapitulate the key progresses in exploration of the transporter proteins involved in cytokinin traffic and translocation, discuss their functional implications in the cytokinin-mediated paracrine and long-distance communication, and highlight some knowledge gaps and open issues toward comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism of membrane transporters in controlling spatiotemporal distribution of cytokinin species

Aromatic Amino Acid Mutagenesis at the Substrate Binding Pocket of Yarrowia lipolytica

The lipase2 from Yarrowia lipolytica (YLLip2) is a yeast lipase exhibiting high homologous to filamentous fungal lipase family. Though its crystal structure has been resolved, its structure-function relationship has rarely been reported. By contrast, there are two amino acid residues (V94 and I100) with significant difference in the substrate binding pocket of YLLip2; they were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) to introduce aromatic amino acid mutations. Two mutants (V94W and I100F) were created. The enzymatic properties of the mutant lipases were detected and compared with the wild-type. The activities of mutant enzymes dropped to some extent towards p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPC16) and their optimum temperature was 35°C, which was 5°C lower than that of the wild-type. However, the thermostability of I100F increased 22.44% after incubation for 1 h at 40°C and its optimum substrate shifted from p-nitrophenyl laurate (pNPC12) to p-nitrophenyl caprate (pNPC10). The above results demonstrated that the two substituted amino acid residuals have close relationship with such enzymatic properties as thermostability and substrate selectivity

Analysis of Changes in Precipitation and Drought in Aksu River Basin, Northwest China

The analysis of the spatiotemporal trends of precipitation and drought is relevant for the future development and sustainable management of water resources in a given region. In this study, precipitation and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) trends were analyzed through applying linear regression, Mann-Kendall, and Spearman's Rho tests at the 5% significance level. For this goal, meteorological data from 9 meteorological stations in and around Aksu Basin during the period 1960-2010 was used, and two main annual drought periods were detected (1978-1979 and 1983-1986), while the extremely dry years were recorded in 1975 and 1985 at almost all of the stations. The monthly analysis of precipitation series indicates that all stations had increasing trend in July, October, and December, while both increasing and decreasing trends were found in other months. For the seasonal scale, precipitation series had increasing trends in summer and winter. 33% of the stations had the decreasing trend on precipitation in the spring series, and it was 11% in the autumn. At the same time, the SPI-12 values of all stations had the increasing trend. The significant trends were detected at Aheqi, Baicheng, Keping, and Kuche stations

Answering Why-not Questions on Reverse Top-k Queries

Why-not questions, which aim to seek clarifications on the missing tuples for query results, have recently received considerable attention from the database community. In this paper, we systematically explore why-not questions on reverse top-k queries , owing to its importance in multi-criteria decision making. Given an initial reverse top- k query and a missing/why-not weighting vector set W m that is absent from the query result, why-not questions on reverse top- k queries explain why W m does not appear in the query result and provide suggestions on how to refine the initial query with minimum penalty to include W m in the refined query result. We first formalize why-not questions on reverse top- k queries and reveal their semantics, and then propose a unified framework called WQRTQ to answer why-not questions on both monochromatic and bichromatic reverse top- k queries. Our framework offers three solutions, namely, (i) modifying a query point q , (ii) modifying a why-not weighting vector set W m and a parameter k , and (iii) modifying q , W m , and k simultaneously, to cater for different application scenarios. Extensive experimental evaluation using both real and synthetic data sets verifies the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented algorithms. </jats:p

Finding causality and responsibility for probabilistic reverse skyline query non-answers

NSF