The Association between Maternal Knowledge, Immunization Status, and Child Illness in Sragen, Central Java

Background: The association between maternal knowledge and child illness has been long well-established. However, little is known about the relative odds of child illness and maternal knowledge in Sragen, Central Java. This study aimed to estimate the association between maternal health knowledge, immunization status, and child illness in Sragen, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Jetiskarangpung Village, Kalijambe, Sragen, Central Java, from September to December 2017. A sample of to 197 children under five and their mother were selected for this study by random sampling. The dependent variable was the child illness episode occuring in the previous three months. The independent variables were maternal health knowledge and immunization status. The data were collected by questionnaire and document review (child health monitoring card). The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of child illness episode increased with poor maternal health knowledge (OR= 7.50; 95% CI= 3.50 to 16.07; p< 0.001) and incomplete immunization status (OR= 5.69; 95% CI= 2.65 to 12.17; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Poor maternal health knowledge and incomplete immunization increase the risk of child illness in Sragen, Central Java Keywords: maternal health knowledge, incomplete immunization, child illnes

Pengaruh Kepadatan Berbeda Menggunakan Rgh Pada Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Kepadatan merupakan hal yang penting dalam USAha pendederan karena akan mempengaruhi oksigen terlarut dan ammonia. Pemberian rGH dengan metode oral atau melalui pakan terbukti dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan ikan dikarenakan rGH yang tercampur dalam pakan dapat lebih mudah masuk kedalam tubuh ikan. Fungsi dari rGH adalah sebagai pengatur pertumbuhan, reproduksi, system imun, tekanan osmosis pada ikan teleostei, dan pengatur metabolism. Pemanfaatan sistem resirkulasi dapat menciptakan lingkungan yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan ikan. Hal tersebut dapat menghasilkan tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi dalam wadah budidaya dengan mortalitas yang rendah dan tingkat kelulushidupan yang tinggi. Sistem resirkulasi merupakan wadah pemeliharaan ikan yang menggunakan system perputaran air yaitu air mengalir dari satu wadah ke wadah yang lain melalui filter yang berguna untuk menjaga kualias air. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila yang menggunakan rGH dengan kepadatan berbeda pada sistem resirkulasi dan untuk mengetahui kepadatan yang dapat memberikan pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan terbaik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Balai Benih Ikan Siwarak, Ungaran, Kab. Semarang. Penelitian dilakukan selama 63 hari dari bulan November 2014 – Januari 2015. Wadah yang digunakan berupa akuarium ukuran (50x30x30) cm3 sebanyak 12 buah yang diisi air sebanyak 20 liter dan dialiri air dari ember yang sudah diisi dengan filter bioball. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan padat penebaran 20, 40, 60 dan 80 ekor/wadah, dimana masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Jenis pakan bubuk berupa pakan komersial diberikan secara at satiation. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah padat penebaran tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kelulushidupan, namun memberikan perbedaan yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dan perbedaan yang sangat nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik. Kepadatan yang dapat memberikan pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan terbaik terdapat pada padat penebaran sebanyak 20 ekor/wadah, dimana dengan nilai Pertumbuhan Panjang Mutlak adalah 9,08±0,43, nilai SGR 9,07 %/hari, nilai FCR 1,18±0,00, dan PER 3.33±0.10, nilai kelulushidupan terbaik adalah perlakuan A (padat penebaran 20 ekor/wadah) yang sama besarnya dengan perlakuan B (padat penebaran 40 ekor/wadah) yaitu sebesar 96,67 %. Density is important factor in breeding method because it will affected to dissolved oxygen and ammonia level. Giving rGH with oral method or adding into feed has been proven to increasing the growth of Tilapia because rGH which adding into feed can enter to fish body easily. Function of rGH as growth, reproduction, immune system, osmotic pressure in teleost fishes and metabolism system controlling. Using recirculating system can creating an optimal environment for fish's growth. If that will happen, can produce a high productivity in culture pond with low mortality and high survival rate. Reciculating system is fish culture tank that using water circulating then flowing tank to tank through a filter which function is maintaining of water quality. This research was aimed to find out the effect of different rearing density that using rGH to growth and survival rate of Tilapia larvae in recirculating system and knows the best density for increasing growth and survival rate. This research was conducted in 63 days from November 2014 to January 2015 at Balai Benih Ikan Siwarak, Ungaran, Kab. Semarang. The fish culture tank is an aquarium size of 50x30x30cm, total amount 12, each aquarium filled water 20 liters and flowing water from bucket that filled with bioball filter. This research used Completely Randomised Design with five treatment (stock density 20, 40, 60 and 80 fish/tank) and three replication. Feed type is a powder commercial feed with using feeding method at satiation. The results is different rearing density not significantly different for survival rate, but significantly different for relative growth rate (RGR) and very significantly different for Specific Growth Rate (SGR). Stocking density that giving the best growth and survival rate is 20 fish/tank (treatment A) with RGR 9,08 ± 0,43, SGR 9,07%/day, FCR is 1,18±0,00 and PER 3,33±0,10, the best survival rate in treatment A (20 fish/tank) and treatment B (40 fish/tank) is 96,67%

THE IMPACT OF CEMPO FINAL WASTE DISPOSAL ON SKIN DISEASE IN MOJOSONGO COMMUNITY, SURAKARTA

Background: Garbage has the potential to cause pollution and health problems. Pollution can occur in the air as a result of waste decomposition, can also contaminate water and soil caused by leakage (liquid waste) resulting in various skin diseases. The skin disease are caused by several types of pathogenic microorganism that live and breed in the waste. This study aimed to determine the impact of long residence adjacent to sanitary landfill, distance to landfill, and skin contact with garbage on skin disease symptoms at Putri Cempo final waste disposal, Mojosongo, Surakarta. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross sectional design. This study was conducted in Putri Cempo final waste disposal, Mojosongo, Surakarta, Central Java. A sample of 102 residents living near the Putri Cempo waste disposal were selected for this study. The dependent variable was symptoms of skin disease. The independent variables were duration of residence near the sanitary landfill, house distance to landfill, and skin contact with garbage. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Residence near the sanitary landfill near ≥ 3 years (OR= 6.00; 95% CI= 1.97 to 18.20; p= 0.002) and house distance to landfill <1 km (OR = 9.50; 95% CI= 3.10 to 28.80; p = 0.001) increased the risk of skin disease symptoms. Indirect contact with waste (OR= 0.68; 95% CI= 0.10 to 2.90; p= 0.605) was associated with decreased skin disease symptoms, but it was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Residence near the sanitary landfill near ≥ 3 years and house distance to landfill <1 km increase the risk of skin disease symptoms. Keywords: skin disease, symptomp, waste disposal, sanitary landfill, residenc

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (Problem Based Learning) Dengan Pendekatan Ilmiah (Scientific Approach) Pada Materi Segitiga Kelas VII SMP Se-kabupaten Karanganyar Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014

Absrtact: The aims of this research were: (1) to describe the Problem Based Learning process with using of the valid and practical scientific approach to the main subject of triangle for the VII degree of junior high school, (2) to describe the effectiveness of Problem Based Learning tools by using scientific approach which had been developed. This research run in two phases. The first phase was the process of the development of learning tools used 4-D model. This model consisted of four phases namely, (1) defined phase, (2) designed phase, (3) developed phase, and (4) disseminated phase. The second phase was the test of the effectiveness of the learning tools that has been developed using experiment method. The population was the students of the VII degree of Tasikmadu junior high school. The sampling was conducted randomly, the one was as the experiment class and the other was as control class. The results of this research were as follows. (1) The development of the learning tools conducted was valid and practical because the equipment that was developed based on the strong rational theory, it had internal consistency, and the learning equipment implicated in the learning process, (2) This learning used Problem Based Learning process with the scientific approach was better than the direct learning

Pengaruh Suhu Pengeringan Vakum Terhadap Kualitas Serbuk Albumin Ikan Gabus (Ophiocephalus Striatus)

Ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang mempunyai kandungan albumin cukup tinggi. Albumin sangat diperlukan tubuh manusia setiap hari, terutama dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Belakang ini, albumin dari ikan gabus banyak diminati oleh masyarakat sebagai sumber alternatif pengganti Human Serum Albumin (HSA) yang harganya sangat mahal. Kemampuan ekstrak albumin dari ikan gabus telah terbukti dapat menggantikan serum albumin impor tersebut. Namun albumin merupakan jenis protein yang mudah rusak oleh panas. Oleh karena itu, upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempertahankan mutu dari serbuk albumin adalah dengan perlakuan suhu pengeringan vakum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan suhu pengeringan vakum. Kemudian dilakukan analisis pada serbuk albumin yang dihasilkan terhadap kadar albumin, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar air, kadar abu. Hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) sederhana dengan 3 kali ulangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan suhu pengeringan vakum dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus. Kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus terbaik diperoleh pada suhu pengering vakum 49 oC dengan kadar albumin sebesar 4,71%; kadar protein sebesar 15,92%; rendemen 37,21%; kadar air 4,23%, kadar lemak 2,07% dan kadar abu 1,30% serta terdapat 16 asam amino yang tersusun didalamnya