Economic order quantity under retailer partial trade credit in two-echelon supply chain

In this paper, we want to investigate the retailer’s inventory policy when the retailer maintains a powerful position in two-echelon supply chain. That is, we assumed that the retailer can obtain the full trade credit offered by the supplier yet the retailer just offers the partial trade credit to their customers under two-level trade credit situation. Then, we investigate the retailer’s inventory system as a cost minimization problem to determine the retailer’s optimal inventory policy in two-echelon supply chain. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the results and to obtain managerial insights

The effect of service constraint on EPQ model with random defective rate

Chiu studied the effect of service-level constraint on the economic production quantity (EPQ) model with random defective rate. In this note, we will offer a simple algebraic approach to replace his differential calculus skill to find the optimal solution under the expected annual cost minimization

On a retailer’s EOQ in a supply chain with two-level trade credit

Recently, Teng and Goyal [Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 58, pp. 1252-1255, 2007.] extended and modified Huang’s model [Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 54, pp. 1011-1015, 2003.] to develop their model and established the proper theoretical results to obtain the optimal solution. Their inventory model is correct and interesting. However, they give the optimal solutions showing that Theorems 1 and 2 in Teng and Goyal are not complete. The main purpose of this paper is to overcome Teng and Goyal’s shortcomings and to present complete proofs of their Theorems 1 and 2

Hospitalized Pediatric Parainfluenza Virus Infections in a Medical Center

Background/PurposeParainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are common pathogens in respiratory tract infections. The aims of this study were to determine the clinical presentation of PIV infections in hospitalized children and to identify particular clinical indications that may effectively distinguish between different PIV serotypes.MethodsA retrospective review of data from children hospitalized with PIV infections at the Mackay Memory Hospital in Taipei between January 2005 and December 2007 was undertaken. Symptoms, signs, laboratory findings and seasonal variations between different types of PIV (serotypes 1, 2 and 3) were compared.ResultsA total of 206 patients [119 (57.8%) boys and 87 (42.2%) girls] were enrolled in the study. Seventy-four (35.9%) patients were infected with PIV serotype 1, 25 (12.1%) with serotype 2 and 107 (51.9%) with serotype 3. The most common clinical presentations were fever (81.1%), cough (66.0%), rhinorrhea (44.2%) and hoarseness (22.3%); 4.9% of the infected children also had skin rashes. No significant differences were found in average white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels between the three serotypes. PIV serotype 1 infections were discernible throughout the year; serotype 2 tended to cluster in the late summer and autumn of 2005 and 2007; and serotype 3 was more common in the spring and early summer.ConclusionThe clinical presentation of PIV infection in hospitalized children ranges from upper respiratory tract infection to croup, bronchiolitis and viral bronchopneumonia, with the different types of PIV infections giving rise to similar symptoms. The seasonal distribution of the different serotypes is, nevertheless, quite distinct

An easy approach to derive EOQ and EPQ models with shortage and defective items

Huang [Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 171-180, 2003.] studied the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) and EPQ (Economic Production Quantity) models with backlogging and defective items using the algebraic approach. He assumed that a 100% inspection policy and the known proportion of defective items was removed after the screening process prior to storage or use. In this paper, we will offer another simple approach to find both the optimal lot size and backorder level under the minimized total relevant cost per unit time

An easy approach to derive EOQ and EPQ models with shortage and defective items

Huang [Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 171-180, 2003.] studied the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) and EPQ (Economic Production Quantity) models with backlogging and defective items using the algebraic approach. He assumed that a 100% inspection policy and the known proportion of defective items was removed after the screening process prior to storage or use. In this paper, we will offer another simple approach to find both the optimal lot size and backorder level under the minimized total relevant cost per unit time

Two-stage assembly system with imperfect items for a coordinated two-level integrated supply chain under carbon emission constraints

This paper may provide an alternative to the problem of a two-stage assembly system with imperfect processes in a single manufacturer-retailer and two-level integrated supply chain. A mathematical model is developed based on the following scenarios: (a) the manufacturer and the retailer are in different countries where the exchange rate is uncertain; (b) the fixed and variable carbon emission costs are incorporated into current environmental issues; (c) shortage is allowed, and the unsatisfied demand is completely backlogged. In the light of these concerns, our model is to determine the production run time, the shortage time period and defective rate of manual stage. The optimal solutions are computed by our proposed algorithm. Finally, a numerical example and sensitivity analysis are carried out to illustrate the model

CMOS Image Sensor with a Built-in Lane Detector

This work develops a new current-mode mixed signal Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) imager, which can capture images and simultaneously produce vehicle lane maps. The adopted lane detection algorithm, which was modified to be compatible with hardware requirements, can achieve a high recognition rate of up to approximately 96% under various weather conditions. Instead of a Personal Computer (PC) based system or embedded platform system equipped with expensive high performance chip of Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), the proposed imager, without extra Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) circuits to transform signals, is a compact, lower cost key-component chip. It is also an innovative component device that can be integrated into intelligent automotive lane departure systems. The chip size is 2,191.4 × 2,389.8 μm, and the package uses 40 pin Dual-In-Package (DIP). The pixel cell size is 18.45 × 21.8 μm and the core size of photodiode is 12.45 × 9.6 μm; the resulting fill factor is 29.7%

Using BPMN to Model a Patient Safety Promulgation Service Based on a Clinical Process

In this paper, we used business process modeling standards to enhance the development of a patient-safety promulgation process with a web service. A web service that is related to a work process is typically in an organization that has been designed, built and stored in a web service repository. The purpose of using a web service is that it can be shared with multiple functional units within an organization via an Intranet. This paper further develops this approach and discusses the use of a visual modeling language to describe a clinical workflow clearly. The final outcome is business process re-engineering and is presented as a business process modeling notation. The workflow management we designed integrates a process for each functional unit in the organization to customize the workflow requirements that suit their needs. 748 cases had been notified among 13 months, the system play its role well even when notify proceeding had been changed.&nbsp