Empirical Study on Manufacturing Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Premature Deindustrialization

Based on the data of 283 cities in China from 2005 to 2017, this paper constructs a dynamic panel model to study the relationship between China’s manufacturing outward foreign direct investments and deindustrialization. The results show that the manufacturing outward foreign direct investment will accelerate deindustrialization on the whole, but this effect will be obviously various with the difference of source region, ownership, investment mode and investment motive. Further mechanism analysis found that manufacturing outward foreign direct investment mainly affects deindustrialization by influencing domestic investment and imports

Stylized Facts about Manufacturing Outward Foreign Direct Investment and China\u27s Premature Deindustrialization

In recent years, China’s industrial structure has undergone tremendous changes. The continuous decline in the scale of the industrial sector indicates that China has entered the stage of deindustrialization, and China’s deindustrialization has shown the characteristics of “premature”. Through a large number of detailed analysis, this paper comes to the following conclusions: Firstly, the scale of manufacturing employment is positively correlated with the number and share of manufacturing outward foreign direct investment and the correlation between the share of manufacturing outward foreign direct investment and the scale of manufacturing employment will vary with the level of industrial development. Secondly, the number of manufacturing outward foreign direct investment, the average growth rate of manufacturing outward foreign direct investment and the average growth rate of manufacturing outward foreign direct investment share are all positively correlated with the decreasing rate of manufacturing employment scale

Metro Proximity and Built Environment on Commuting CO2 Emissions in Shanghai

To explore the impact of geographical location, built environment, public transportation service and individual socioeconomic attributes on commuting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, a survey was conducted in 27 residential compounds of Shanghai in 2016. In this paper, commuting distance was calculated according to a Baidu map application programming interface (API). CO2 emissions were calculated based on the mode used in each segment of commuting and distance travelled. Through the use of a multiple linear regression model, factors of personal socioeconomic attributes, including gender, occupation and apartment area, were significant to commuting CO2 emissions. In terms of the public transport service, the distance from compounds to the nearest metro station was found to be a significant factor on CO2 emissions, whereas the built environment, such as parking space and employment density, had a weak impact in our study. In addition, even when living near a metro station, the top 20% of travellers’ CO2 emissions can account for approximately 80% of the total CO2 emissions. Hence, policies to reduce those people’s commuting CO2 emissions are worth further exploring

Imobilizacija tirozinaze na pustu od ugljičnih vlakana s (3-aminopropil)trietoksisilanom za protočnu elektrokemijsku detekciju fenolnih spojeva

Tyrosinase (TYR) was covalently immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt (CF) surface via glutaraldehyde (GA). Prior to the TYR-immobilization, primary amino group was introduced to the CF surface by treatment with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The resulting TYR-immobilized CF was used as a working electrode unit of an electrochemical flow-through detector for mono- and di-phenolic compounds (i.e., catechol, p-cresol, phenol and p-chlorophenol). Additionally, flow injection peaks based on electroreduction of the enzymatically produced o-quinone species were detected at −0.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The resulting TYR/GA/APTES/CF biosensor responded well to all compounds tested with limits of detection range from 7.5 to 35 nmol l–1 (based on three times S/N ratio). Moreover, such modified electrode exhibits good stability and reproducibility for catechol. No serious degradation of the peak current was found over 30 consecutive injections. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Tirozinaza (TYR) je kovalentno vezana na aminiranu površinu pusta izrađenog od ugljičnih vlakana (CF) s pomoću glutaraldehida (GA). Prije imobilizacije tirozinaze primarna amino-skupina uvedena je na ugljična vlakna (3-aminopropil)trietoksisilanom (APTES). CF s imobiliziranom tirozinazom upotrijebljen je kao elektroda u protočnom elektrokemijskom detektoru jednostruko i dvostruko hidroksiliranih fenola (katehol, p-krezol, fenol, p-klorfenol). Pri − 0,05 V (u odnosu na Ag/AgCl) uočeni su protočni injekcijski signali elektroredukcije o-kinona nastalog enzimskom reakcijom. Biosenzor TYR/GA/APTES/CF dobro se odaziva za sve ispitane spojeve uz detekcijski limit od 7,5 do 35 nmol l–1 (tri puta veći signal od šuma). Modificirana elektroda stabilna je i pokazuje dobru reproducibilnost za katehol. Jakost struje signala nije se značajno smanjila ni nakon 30 uzastopnih injektiranja. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

The non-gibberellic acid-responsive semi-dwarfing gene uzu affects Fusarium crown rot resistance in barley

BACKGROUND: Studies in Arabidopsis show that DELLA genes may differentially affect responses to biotrophic and necrophic pathogens. A recent report based on the study of DELLA-producing reduced height (Rht) genes in wheat and barley also hypothesized that DELLA genes likely increased susceptibility to necrotrophs but increased resistance to biotrophs. RESULTS: Effects of uzu, a non-GA (gibberellic acid)-responsive semi-dwarfing gene, on Fusarium crown rot (FCR) resistance in barley were investigated. Fifteen pairs of near isogenic lines for this gene were generated and assessed under two different temperature regimes. Similar to its impacts on plant height, the semi-dwarfing gene uzu also showed larger effects on FCR severity in the high temperature regime when compared with that in the low temperature regime. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study add to the growing evidence showing that the effects of plant height on Fusarium resistances are unlikely related to DELLA genes but due to direct or indirect effects of height difference per se. The interaction between these two characteristics highlights the importance of understanding relationships between resistance and other traits of agronomic importance as the value of a resistance gene could be compromised if it dramatically affects plant development and morphology

Causes of death and conditional survival estimates of long-term lung cancer survivors.

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer ranks the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This retrospective cohort study was designed to determine time-dependent death hazards of diverse causes and conditional survival of lung cancer. METHODS: We collected 816,436 lung cancer cases during 2000-2015 in the SEER database, after exclusion, 612,100 cases were enrolled for data analyses. Cancer-specific survival, overall survival and dynamic death hazard were assessed in this study. Additionally, based on the FDA approval time of Nivolumab in 2015, we evaluated the effect of immunotherapy on metastatic patients\u27 survival by comparing cases in 2016-2018 (immunotherapy era, n=7135) and those in 2013-2016 (non-immunotherapy era, n=42061). RESULTS: Of the 612,100 patients, 285,705 were women, the mean (SD) age was 68.3 (11.0) years old. 252,558 patients were characterized as lung adenocarcinoma, 133,302 cases were lung squamous cell carcinoma, and only 78,700 cases were small cell lung carcinomas. TNM stage was I in 140,518 cases, II in 38,225 cases, III in 159,095 cases, and IV in 274,262 patients. 164,394 cases underwent surgical intervention. The 5-y overall survival and cancer-specific survival were 54.2% and 73.8%, respectively. The 5-y conditional survival rate of cancer-specific survival is improved in a time-dependent pattern, while conditional overall survival tends to be steady after 5-y follow-up. Except from age, hazard disparities of other risk factors (such as stage and surgery) diminished over time according to the conditional survival curves. After 8 years since diagnosis, mortality hazard from other causes became higher than that from lung cancer. This critical time point was earlier in elder patients while was postponed in patients with advanced stages. Moreover, both cancer-specific survival and overall survival of metastatic patients in immunotherapy era were significantly better than those in non-immunotherapy era (P CONCLUSIONS: Our findings expand on previous studies by demonstrating that non-lung-cancer related death risk becomes more and more predominant over the course of follow-up, and we establish a personalized web-based calculator to determine this critical time point for long-term survivors. We also confirmed the survival benefit of advanced lung cancer patients in immunotherapy era

ℋ

We deal with the design problem of minimum entropy ℋ∞ filter in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach for linear continuous-time systems with a state-space model subject to parameter uncertainty that belongs to a given convex bounded polyhedral domain. Given a stable uncertain linear system, our attention is focused on the design of full-order and reduced-order robust minimum entropy ℋ∞ filters, which guarantee the filtering error system to be asymptotically stable and are required to minimize the filtering error system entropy (at s0=∞) and to satisfy a prescribed ℋ∞ disturbance attenuation performance. Sufficient conditions for the existence of desired full-order and reduced-order filters are established in terms of LMIs, respectively, and the corresponding filter synthesis is cast into a convex optimization problem which can be efficiently handled by using standard numerical software. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to show the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed design method

Intense duskside lower band chorus waves observed by Van Allen Probes: Generation and potential acceleration effect on radiation belt electrons

Abstract Local acceleration driven by whistler mode chorus waves largely accounts for the enhancement of radiation belt relativistic electron fluxes, whose favored region is usually considered to be the plasmatrough with magnetic local time approximately from midnight through dawn to noon. On 2 October 2013, the Van Allen Probes recorded a rarely reported event of intense duskside lower band chorus waves (with power spectral density up to 10-3nT 2/Hz) in the low-latitude region outside of L=5. Such chorus waves are found to be generated by the substorm-injected anisotropic suprathermal electrons and have a potentially strong acceleration effect on the radiation belt energetic electrons. This event study demonstrates the possibility of broader spatial regions with effective electron acceleration by chorus waves than previously expected. For such intense duskside chorus waves, the occurrence probability, the preferential excitation conditions, the time duration, and the accurate contribution to the long-term evolution of radiation belt electron fluxes may need further investigations in future