OPTIMASI KONSENTRASI HCL PADA PROSES HIDROLISIS UNTUK PEMBUATAN MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA (MCC) DARI ECENG GONDOK

Eceng gondok diketahui memiliki kandungan selulosa yang tinggi yaitu 60% selulosa, 8% hemiselulosa, dan 17% lignin.  Persentase selulosa yang cukup besar ini menjadikan eceng gondok sebagai bahan baku mikrokristalin selulosa (MCC). Pengaruh konsentrasi HCl dalam hidrolisis ɑ-selulosa untuk menghasilkan MCC dari eceng gondok telah diteliti. Hidrolisis dilakukan pada suhu 105⁰C selama 100 menit dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl (1 M; 2 M; 3 M; 4 M; dan 5 M). Peningkatan konsentrasi HCl ini sejalan dengan penurunan jumlah MCC yang diperoleh. Kandungan HCl terbaik pada proses ini adalah 1 M dengan suhu 105°C menghasilkan rendemen selulosa MCC eceng gondok sebesar 77%. Hasil karakterisasi organoleptik mikrokristalin selulosa berupa serbuk kristal, berwarna putih, tidak berbau, dan tidak berasa.  Hasil uji pH memenuhi syarat yaitu pada rentan 7. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, eceng gondok berpotensi tinggi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber bahan baku sediaan farmasi, sehingga dapat mengurangi kebutuhan impor di Indonesia

OPTIMIZATION OF SOLVENT AND CONCENTRATION OF TURMERIC (Curcuma longa Linn.) EXTRACT FOR STRIP-TEST AS BORAX DETECTION TOOL

Borax, a well-known toxic substance, had been banned as food additive in many countries, including Indonesia. Vomiting, fatigue, renal failure, cancer and even sudden death were  reported as its toxic effect. There are many studies about Borax identification had been carried out, including instrumental procedures and alternative tests using natural indicator from the plants, such as turmeric. Alternative tests were low-cost, simple and easy to do. However, a certain solvent and concentration of turmeric for borax detection has not studied yet, which made a gap in borax analysis using a natural indicator. This research aims to determine the effect of turmeric solvent extraction and its concentration on borax detection results using the Turmeric Paper Test Kit. Turmeric powder was macerated with three different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) for 3 days. The highest yielded extract was methanol extract, followed by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract.  Solution of Turmeric extract in various solvents were prepared in many concentrations and dripped on paper of strip-test detection tool and leaved to dry. Borax detection was performed with dripped on strip-test detection tools, and discoloration of turmeric paper was observed. The most optimal solvent in this research is methanol extract with 10.000 ppm concentration, and discoloration to reddish-brown colo

POTENTIAL OF CELLULASE OF CHAETOMIUM GLOBOSUM FOR PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES)

Objective: This study aimed to increase the yield of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) made from water hyacinth ɑ-cellulose by enzymatic hydrolysis by using purified enzyme and to find it’s characteristics compared to the reference. Methods: In this research, MCC was prepared from water hyacinth powder through the chemical isolation process of ɑ-cellulose, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with purified cellulase from Chaetomium globosum. The yield of MCC was improved by using purified enzyme and optimization of temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. Identification was carried out by using ZnCl and infrared spectrophotometry, followed by characterization of MCC include particle size analysis (PSA) and diffracto­gram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction) compared to reference Avicel PH 101. Results: Purified enzyme from Chaetomium globosum has high activity with a clear zone area of 45 mm with cellulolytic index 6.5 that almost same as Trichoderma reesei (50 mm), with the cellulase enzyme activity of 6.691 U/ml. The optimum condition was at a temperature of 50⁰C and pH 6.0 with the hydrolysis time of 2 h, which produced 95% yield of MCC. Identification with ZnCl and FTIR spectrum showed positive results, similar to the reference. The results of organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffracto­gram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction) showed crystalline characteristic similar to reference (Avicel PH 101). Conclusion: Enzyme from Chaetomium globosum has a higher activity of cellulase than Trichoderma reesei with MCC obtained was 95%. Based on the comparison of the organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffracto­gram pattern, MCC from water hyacinth has a great potential which showed similar characteristic to reference (Avicel pH 101)

POTENTIAL OF CELLULASE OF PENICILLIUM VERMICULATUM FOR PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE PRODUCED FROM α-CELLULOSE OF KAPOK PERICARPIUM (CEIBA PENTANDRA)

Objective: This study aimed to find psychochemical properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained from α-cellulose kapok pericarpium. Methods: The cellulase activity was screened by clear zone and sugar reduction method. The enzym from selected mold was purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) chromatography. α-cellulose of kapok pericarpium was hydrolyzed using the purified cellulase enzymes. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, and qualitative analysis test. The samples were characterized for pH test, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and particle size analyzer (PSA). Results: The optimum cellulase activity was shown by Penicillium vermiculatum. It’s clear zone diameter around 3 cm and the cellulase activity was 67.73±0.25 mU/ml. The strongest cellulase activity was detected from 1st fraction (P1) out of 6 column fractions with optimum activity at 1.177±2 mU/ml. The optimal conditions for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparation were at 50 ˚C, for 2 ours, using 20 ml of acetate buffer pH 5 and 2 ml of cellulase enzyme. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained at 78% w/w and its FTIR spectrum and x-ray diffractogram similar to reference while the pH of MCC was fulfilled requirements of The United States Pharmacopoeia 2007. Conclusion: The use of purified enzyme of cellulase has succeded in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparation andmicrocrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained was 78% w/w, with similar characteristics to reference (Avicel PH 101) and the pH of MCC was fulfilled requirements of The United States Pharmacopoeia 2007

EDUKASI KEAMANAN PRODUK PANGAN & NON PANGAN

Product safety, both food and non-food, is a very important aspect of everyday life. Lack of attention to this has often resulted in impacts in the form of a decline in consumer health, ranging from food poisoning due to unhygienic storage and presentation processes to the risk of cancer due to the use of dangerous food additives. The negative impact that is felt if the safety of the product is not considered and consumed can cause various diseases such as diarrhea, headache, fever. In unsafe products there can be biological or microbiological hazards consisting of parasites (protozoa and worms), viruses, and pathogenic bacteria that can grow and develop in food ingredients, so that they can cause infection and poisoning in humans. Based on this, it is necessary to carry out activities to provide information to the public regarding checking the safety of a product. The purpose of this community service activity is to make the community more aware of the safety of  products that are used in everyday life. Service activities are carried out by direct counseling methods (offline). The counseling went very well, as evidenced by the value of the post-test results which increased compared to the pre-test.. Keywords: safety, food, non-food, community service, BPO

CHARACTERIZATION OF KAPOK PERICARPIUM MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE PRODUCED OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS USING PURIFIED CELLULASE FROM TERMITE (MACROTERMES GILVUS)

Objective: This study aimed to increase the yield of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from kapok pericarpium alpha-cellulose produced by enzymatic hydrolysis using purified cellulase from Termites (Macrotermes gilvus) and to compare the characteristics with the reference product. Methods: In this research, MCC was prepared from kapok pericarpium powder through the chemical isolation process of alpha-cellulose, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with purified cellulase from Macrotermes gilvus. The yield was improved by using purified cellulase in optimized temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. Identification was carried out by using ZnCl and infrared spectrophotometry, followed by characterization of MCC include particle size analysis (PSA) and diffracto­gram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction). The results were compared with Avicel PH 101 as the reference product. Results: Purified cellulase from Macrotermes gilvus showed high cellulose activity. Cellulose in the concentration of 11.743 U/ml formed 49 mm clear zone area with cellulolytic index 7.16 that similar to the formed clear zone area of Trichoderma reesei (50 mm), the optimum hydrolysis condition was achieved at 50 °C, pH 6.0, in 2 h, which produced 80% yield of MCC. Produced MCC was analyzed with ZnCl and FTIR spectrum resulting in positive results, similar to reference. The results of the organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffracto­gram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction) showed crystalline characteristics of MCC is similar to the reference (Avicel PH 101). Conclusion: Cellulase Macrotermes gilvus yielded 80% MCC and higher enzymatic activity than Trichoderma reesei. Based on the organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffracto­gram pattern observation, MCC from kapok pericarpium has shown similar characteristics to reference (Avicel pH 101) and might be potential to be further developed

ISOLASI α-SELULOSA, PEMBUATAN & KARAKTERISASI MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA (MCC) DARI LIMBAH KULIT JERUK BABY (Citrus sinensis)

Obat memiliki kebermanfaatan yang penting dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang dapat digunakan dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Namun, industri farmasi di Indonesia masih sangat tergantung dengan bahan baku impor. Pemanfaatan buah jeruk baby java masih sangat minim. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari limbah jeruk yang hanya dibuang, yang terdiri dari kulit dan biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan mikrokristalin selulosa dari limbah Kulit Jeruk Baby (MCCKJB), kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi dengan Avicel PH 101 sebagai bahan baku pembanding. Karakterisasi dari MCCKJB terdiri dari uji kualitatif (pemeriksaan organoleptis, identifikasi menggunakan iodinate zinc chloride, pengujian kelarutan, uji pH) dan uji sifat fisik, antara lain: penetapan titik lebur, uji sudut diam, uji laju alir, uji kerapatan, susut pengeringan, & kompresibilitas, dimana setiap uji pada karakterisasi tersebut (uji kualitatif dan uji sifat fisik) akan dibandingkan dengan senyawa pembanding komersial yaitu Avicel PH 101. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian rendemen α-selulosa sebesar 66,75% terhadap serbuk simplisia, rendemen MCCKJB sebesar 82,53% terhadap α-selulosa dan karakterisasi serbuk MCCKJB meliputi reaksi warna, organoleptis, kelarutan, dan pH menunjukkan kemiripan karakteristik dengan Avicel® PH 101 sebagai pembanding, titik lebur 270° C, sudut diam 28,86°, laju alir 1,52 g/s, kerapatan curah 0,349 g/cm3, kerapatan mampat 0,466 g/cm3, susut pengeringan 10,3%, & kompresibilitas 25%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, karakteristik serbuk MCCKJB memiliki kemiripan dengan Avicel® PH 101

ISOLASI & IDENTIFIKASI ALFA SELULOSA DARI KULIT BUAH LIMPASU (BACCAUREA LANCEOLATA) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA DARI BAHAN ALAM

The diversity of natural resources in Indonesia, which is very abundant, will directly correlate with chemical diversity which has enormous potential for drug development. Indonesia needs to develop the pharmaceutical industry, especially drug raw materials, thereby making drug prices cheaper. The best solution to this problem is to continuously look for alternatives from Indonesian natural materials, so that the manufacturing process can be carried out both on a laboratory and industrial scale. There are many fruits typical of South Kalimantan and not available in other areas, one of which is Limpasu. This research aims to determine the cellulose content in Limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata) fruit peel waste using the chemical delignification method. Proving the use of this plant is very important, so that the residue resulting from extraction from the Limpasu fructus cortex can be utilized into a very useful preparation. The research was carried out by first extracting simplicia from the plant, then the remaining residue from the extraction was continued to the alpha cellulose isolation stage. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it was found that the pure cellulose content in the form of alpha cellulose contained in the Limpasu fructus cortex is 21.08%. These results prove that Limpasu fruit peel has the potential to be used as a source of natural raw materials for the manufacture of other cellulose derivative products that can be used in pharmaceutical formulations

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% TANAMAN TERATAI PUTIH (Nymphaea nouchali L)

Many aquatic plants grow in these rivers, one of which is the lotus. Lotus (Nymphaea) is a plant that often lives in the swamplands of South Kalimantan, especially Banjarmasin. The lotus is a wild plant in its natural habitat, which is not foreign to Indonesian people. Some Indonesian people only know about the beauty of this plant. It turns out that apart from its beauty, the lotus also has benefits for curing various diseases. The lotus plant can also be used as medicine because it contains several different chemical ingredients in each part. This research aims to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts from various parts of the White Lotus plant (Nymphaea nouchali L) using the DPPH method. The plant parts tested include: flower parts, flower stalks, leaves and petioles. Based on the research results, the highest antioxidant activity test was found in flower extract, namely with an IC50 value of 66.906 μg/mL, and the lowest was found in leaf extract, namely with an IC50 value of 99.449 μg/mL. Quercetin as a comparison standard has an IC50 value of 6.337 μg/mL with a "very strong" antioxidant activity category, while flower extract, flower stalk extract, leaf extract and leaf stalk extract have a "strong" antioxidant activity category

Edukasi penyalahgunaan obat-obatan di kalangan remaja pada siswa siswi SMAN 1 Beruntung Baru

Teenagers today are getting used to the use of various illegal drugs, which aim to get temporary pleasure or as an escape from their problems. The use of various types of drugs in high doses causes various negative impacts for adolescents such as damage to the central nervous system, seizure disorders due to respiratory and heart muscle spasms, dehydration, heart attacks, and even a worse effect that cause death. In the residential environment, formal and non-formal figures are expected to participate actively in fostering and providing guidance and direction to young people. This outreach activity was carried out among teenagers so that they know and were aware of the consequences of drug abuse. This activity was expected to increase adolescent knowledge about illegal drugs. The implementation of counseling as one of the community service programs for the Faculty of Pharmacy Lecturers together with the D3 Pharmacy Students of the University of Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin at SMAN 1 Beruntung Baru entitled "Education of Drug Abuse among Teenagers in SMAN 1 Beruntung Baru" has been carried out well and received a positive response from the students