Рабочая смена: восполнит ли молодежь кадровый дефицит в промышленности и аграрно-промышленном комплексе?

Дефицит квалифицированных рабочих кадров остается острой проблемой со времен кризиса 2008—2009 гг. В статье обсуждаются результаты двух социологических исследований, проведенных в регионах России с отчетливой отраслевой специализацией и предусматривавших анкетный опрос учащихся учреждений профтехобразования, а также экспертные интервью с руководством предприятий, отраслевых ассоциаций, торгово-промышленных палат и руко-водителями учреждений профтехобразования. Собранный материал дает информацию о том, какой контингент и почему приходит учиться рабочим профессиям; каким видит молодежь свое трудоустройство по окончании обучения; почему предприятиям по-прежнему сложно восполнять кадровый дефицит; появилась ли у бизнеса возможность долгосрочно планировать свои кадровые потребности, а у системы профтехобразования — эффективно на них отвечать. Показано, что выбор рабочей профессии определяется надеждой на достойно оплачиваемую работу, возможностью в короткий срок получить профессию и легкостью поступления в образовательное учреждение. Больше половины учащихся согласны практически со всеми позитивными утверждениями относительно рабочих профессий, но в то же время две трети понимают, что они связаны с тяжелыми либо опасными условиями труда. Хотя по окончании производственной практики большинство респондентов убедились в верности выбора профессии, в цеха и на поля идут далеко не все, что связано с невысокой зарплатой молодых кадров и/ или местом локализации предприятия при наличии альтернативы в виде работы в торговле или сервисе. Короткий горизонт планирования и низкий уровень рентабельности не позволяют предприятиям просчитывать свои кадровые потребности и формировать кадровый резерв, что дезориентирует систему профобразования и консервирует дисбалансы на рынке труда. Улучшению ситуации, по мнению как молодежи, так и экспертов, способствовало бы проведение государством более последовательной и эффективной политики поддержки промышленности и аграрно-промышленном ком-плексе (АПК)

Effect of sintering duration on structure and properties of Ni-Al metal-intermetallic composites produced by SPS

The fabrication of Ni-Al based metal-intermetallic layered (MIL) composites is one of the actively developing directions in the production of materials for aircraft and space industries. Alternating hard intermetallic layers with ductile metal layers provides a unique combination of mechanical properties. In this study, metal-intermetallic layered composites consisting of Ni and nickel aluminides were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) of Ni and Al foils 100 and 25 μm in thickness, respectively. Samples sintered at 1100 °C for 0.5, 3, and 8 min were obtained. The purpose of this study was to fabricate Ni-Al MIL composites with increased strength properties using SPS technique and to investigate the effect of sintering duration on structure and properties. The structure of the samples sintered for 0.5 min consisted of Ni layers and intermetallic layers containing the sublayers with stoichiometric and Ni-rich B2 NiAl, L10 twinned martensite NiAl. The tensile strength of such composites was 485 MPa. The intermetallic layers in the sample sintered for 3 min have more Ni-rich NiAl, martensite NiAl, and Ni3Al phases, which promoted to an increase in tensile strength to 575 MPa. The sample sintered for 8 min consisted of Ni and a solid solution of Al in Ni and showed the highest tensile strength, 610 MPa, due to solid solution hardening in the interlayers. The samples did not break when applying bending load, which is the evidence of the good reliability and durability of the composites

Towards nanomaterials with tubular pores: synthesis and self-assembly of bis-pillar[5]arene

Recently, materials obtained using supramolecular chemistry approaches, and, in particular, spatially preorganized macrocyclic compounds, have attracted close attention of the researchers. Pillar[n]arenes are of special interest due to their tubular spatial structure and macrocyclic cavity. A similar tubular structure is retained in the supramolecular packaging of pillar[5]arene crystals, forming pores. In this study, we developed a block synthetic approach for the preparation of bis-pillar[5]arene containing amide groups. The ability of the synthesized bis-pillar[5]arene to form stable self-associates in solvents of different polarity (CHCl3 and CH3OH) was demonstrated by the DLS method. In trichloromethane at concentration of 1·10–3 M, monodisperse associates with average hydrodynamic diameter of 227 nm (PDI = 0.28) are formed; in methanol, stable associates (1·10–6 M) have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 136 nm (PDI = 0.21). The results obtained can be used to create new supramolecular systems, molecular machines, or capture and detect various organic molecules.

INDIRECT SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MOSAPRIDE CITRATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Mosapride citrate (MC), 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-{N-[4-(p-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl] methyl}-benzamide, is a potent gastroprokinetic drug and it is used in gastrointestinal symptoms associated with chronic gastritis. MC is not yet official in any Pharmacopeia but there are several publications which describe methods for the determination of mosapride citrate in pure and in dosage forms. Most of the proposed methods for mosapride citrate analysis are HPLC (1) and spectrophotometric methods (2, 3). The luminescence sensitization of lanthanides (Ln) in their complex compounds with organic ligands is widely used for the determination of drugs: fluoroquinolones (4), tetracycline (5), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory preparations (6), catecholamines (7) in the dosed forms and in various biological fluids. In the last few years the possibility of analytical use of the lanthanide ions luminescence sensitization effect as well as their decrease/enhancement effects by some inorganic and organic anions, has been of special interest (8). In this paper we have utilized the enhancement effect of sensitized luminescence by citrate ions for the determination of MC, which is not an Ln luminescence sensitizer. Mosapride citrate (MC) The aim of this study was to develop a simple, rapid, precise and sensitive method for the determination of MC in pharmaceutical formulations without the need of extraction or heating. This method is based on the europium complex with the ligand -9-fluoro-1-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-6,7-dihydro-3H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (2-piperazin-1-yl-ethyl)-amide as a luminescence probe. EXPERIMENTAL Apparatus Luminescence and excitation spectra and lifetimes were measured with a Solar luminescence spectrometer (Belorussia) and an Aminco-Bowman Series 2 (SLMñAminco, Rochester, New York) spectrometer with a 150-W xenon lamp. Abstract: New europium complexes of 3-oxo-1-hydroxy-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid amide derivatives (L 1 -L 3 ), which are highly luminescent and do not require luminescence enhancers are reported. The luminescence intensity of the Eu-L 1 -3 complexes was enhanced by the addition of citrate ions in water solution. A sensitive luminescence enhancement system was developed for the determination of citrate ions on the base of Eu-9-fluoro-1-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-6,7-dihydro-3H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (2-piperazin-1-yl-ethyl)-amide (L 1 ) complex. This effect was applied to the determination of the drug, which is not a lanthanide luminescence sensitizer. The EuñL 1 ñ Cit complex with a componentsí ratio 1:1:2 was proposed to be used as the analytical form for the luminescence determination of drug ñ mosapride citrate. The calibration curve is linear in the range of 1.0-25.0 µg/mL of mosapride citrate (LOD is 0.35 µg/mL). This method was applied for the determination of mosapride citrate in dosage form -tablets ìMosid MTî ñ 2.5 mg

Metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis: role of adiponectin (preliminary results)

The clinical value of the disorders and diseases integrated within the metabolic syndrome (MS) is in the combination of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which significantly accelerates the development of cardiovascular events (CVEs). The detection rate for MS in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is shown to be higher than in the controls regardless of the diagnostic criteria for MS. At present, there are confusing data on the role of adipokins in RA. Objective: to determine the rate of MS and its components in RA patients and the association of the level of adipokin (adiponectin) with the components of MS in relation to the duration of RA. Subjects and methods: The investigation enrolled 69 RA patients divided into two groups: 1) 34 patients with early-stage (<2-year) RA and 2) 35 patients with end-stage (>2-year) RA. Results. MS occurred in 12 (17.4%) of the 69 patients with RA. There was central (abdominal) obesity in 37 (53.6%) patients with RA, hypertension in 29 (42%), low high-density cholesterol levels in 20 (29%), hyperglycemia in 11 (15.9%), and hypertriglyceridemia in 10 (14.5%). According to the presence or absence of MS, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 12 patients with MS; 2) 57 without MS. In the patients with RA and MS, the duration of the disease was shorter; DAS28 and CDAI were higher than in those without MS: 15.4 [7; 24] months versus 51.8 [6; 72] months; DAS28 was 5.8 [4.9; 6.7] scores versus 5.1 [4.5; 5.8] scores; CDAI: 34.8 [21.8; 41.4] scores versus 24.2 [18; 31] scores, respectively (p < 0.05 in all cases). The serum level of adiponectin was lower: 13.1 [5.7; 10.7] ng/ml versus 20.6 [6.9; 30.9] ng/ml in the patients with RA and MS as compared to those without MS; but there were no significant differences. In the patients with early-end RA, the rate of MS was twice higher than that in those with end-stage RA; however, the differences were statistically insignificant (p = 0.1). The components of MS were encountered with the same frequency in early- and end-stage RA. The early RA group showed a correlation between SDAI (r = -0.34), body mass index (r = -0.41), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.33), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r =-0.35), and adiponectin. The >2-year RA group displayed no relationship between adipokins, activity markers, and metabolic disturbances. Conclusion. The preliminary results suggest the high rate of MS in patients with a high level of early RA disease activity untreated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, thus determining the high risk of CVEs just at disease onset. The role of adiponectin in the development of MS, CVEs in rheumatic diseases remains to be solved, which is the subject of further investigations. It is possible that normalization of adiponectin concentrations may promote reductions in the incidence of CVD, mortality rates due to atherosclerosis-induced CVEs, and the prevalence of MS and insulin resistance

Features of the contemporary stage of the use of multimedia and information and communication technologies in teaching the mother tongue

The article emphasizes the relevance of the use of modern means of multimedia in teaching the Russian language in the changing social and cultural milieu. Multilevel social inquiry and practice of modern education necessitated comprehensive study and the special project of the educational process of learning the Russian language with the use of multimedia and communication technologies. The analysis of monographic and methodological literature and dissertation research results have revealed some features of the present stage of the use of multimedia and information and communication technologies in Russian language teaching

International students’ work in mental health wards : a review of guidelines

This thesis is a literature review of guidelines for students that come to mental health wards for practice. The aim of this thesis is to provide found and researched in detail knowledge on what are the essential principles and guidelines that are applicable to students from different cultures in mental health wards. Information gathered and reviewed in this thesis is aimed to provide knowledge for future or current healthcare workers. Literature review was the chosen method of this thesis research. In reliable academic databases there were found scientific sources of data for the research. These sources were found with the assistance of Google SCHOLAR and NCBI databases. Main criteria for choosing the sources were the following: relevance of the resource judged by content and publication date. As a result of this study, it was stated that students disregarding their origins are susceptible to guidelines, recommendations and principles of mental health wards or units. The units themselves have general ethical rules and principles of nursing care that are valuable to all healthcare workers. This thesis can be used as a brief acknowledgement of the mental health guidelines for students or as an additional source of information related to the topic

Therapeutic Influence on Important Targets Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cancer Treatment

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the interconnected pathological processes, which lead to cancer initiation and progression. The growing level of oxidative and inflammatory damage was shown to increase cancer severity and contribute to tumor spread. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the reduced capacity of the endogenous cell defense mechanisms and/or metabolic imbalance, is the main contributor to oxidative stress. An abnormal level of ROS was defined as a predisposing factor for the cell transformation that could trigger pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, induce changes in gene expression, and facilitate accumulation of mutations, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Additionally, the activation of transcription factors caused by a prolonged oxidative stress, including NF-κB, p53, HIF1α, etc., leads to the expression of several genes responsible for inflammation. The resulting hyperactivation of inflammatory mediators, including TNFα, TGF-β, interleukins, and prostaglandins can contribute to the development of neoplasia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to trigger adaptive reactions and the acquisition of resistance by tumor cells to apoptosis, while promoting proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory response leads to the excessive production of free radicals, which further aggravate the initiated reactions. This review summarizes the recent data and progress in the discovery of mechanisms that associate oxidative stress and chronic inflammation with cancer onset and metastasis. In addition, the review provides insights for the development of therapeutic approaches and the discovery of natural substances that will be able to simultaneously inhibit several key oncological and inflammation-related targets