Tensão diglóssica na aquisição de língua : um estudo de bilíngües nipo-brasilienses

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada, 2002.Este estudo foca a tensão diglóssica que interfere na aquisição da língua japonesa por nikkeis brasileiros do Distrito Federal. Quatro nikkeis de segunda geração foram investigados dentro e fora da sala de aula durante seu processo de aprendizagem da variedade padrão do japonês como alunos da pesquisadora na Universidade de Brasília. O uso de duas línguas (japonês e português, a língua oficial e dominante no Brasil) e o uso de duas variedades do japonês (padrão e colônia, esta uma variedade do japonês desenvolvida no Brasil) foram também observados nos domínios residencial e da comunidade bilíngüe onde eles vivem nos arredores de Brasília. Além da observação de campo, o corpus da pesquisa foi colhido através de questionários e entrevistas (livre e introspectiva), baseado no que foram reconstruídas as histórias de vida dos sujeitos pesquisados. Os dados mostraram que a tensão diglóssica entre as duas variedades da língua japonesa usadas na comunidade manifestaram-se das seguintes formas: (1) Os nikkeis estavam conscientes do valor menor atribuído à variedade colônia quando eles evitavam de usá-la nos eventos e celebrações oficiais em que eles detectavam a presença de japoneses de fora da comunidade. (2) Sem condições de falar a variedade padrão, eles preferiam usar o português no qual suas dificuldades lingüísticas seriam geralmente desculpadas. (3) Os nikkeis reportaram que o casamento interétnico entre descendentes de japoneses e brasileiros levava ao deslocamento da variedade colônia falada pelos primeiros, ao invés de incentivar o bilingüismo com o uso de ambas as línguas (português e japonês colônia). (4) Um dos sujeitos pesquisados afirmou que o colônia pertuba ao invés de auxiliar sua aprendizagem do japonês padrão. (5) Os nikkeis pesquisados usavam o colônia como parte de sua própria identidade cultural. (6) Tendo fortalecido sua identidade cultural durante o processo de aprendizagem, os sujeitos pesquisados que falavam a variedade colônia começaram a usá-la como uma ponte para o aprendizado da variedade padrão. (7) Como conseqüência, eles afrouxaram o filtro afetivo (Krashen e Terrel, 1983) para buscar mais insumo na variedade colônia mas, ao mesmo tempo, interagiam mais facilmente no japonês padrão. (8) Eles também expressaram a crença de que a consciência de seu próprio uso da língua pudesse favorecer a reaquisição da variedade colônia, sem bloqueios, por parte daqueles que a tinham perdido

Analysis of leukocyte rolling and migration--using inhibitors in the undisturbed microcirculation of the rat mesentery--on inflammatory stimulation.

AIM: Our aim was to develop a method of migration analysis using the undisturbed microcirculation of rat mesentery, and using the new method, analyze leukocyte migration in casein-induced inflammation. METHOD: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were injected with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, or casein intraperitoneally. Following this, the rats were sacrificed and the mesentery tissue removed was fixed and stained with Giemsa. The leukocytes were counted as a rolling index in the venules and as a migration index in the perivascular area. RESULTS: There was no relation between the diameter of venules and leukocyte migration. The time change curves of leukocyte activity in casein inflammation show about a 1 h difference between rolling and migration. From inhibitor experiments of casein-induced migration at 2 h, it has been suggested that selectin-related rolling is necessary. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) also appears partially involved. CONCLUSION: The improved undisturbed microcirculation method is helpful not only for rolling analysis but also in analysis of leukocyte migration. Casein inflammation analyzed using this method revealed that rolling is necessary and also suggested that partial involvement of PAF is necessary for pathogenesis of leukocyte extravasations

Early bioprosthetic valve calcification with alfacalcidol supplementation

We report a case of early bioprosthetic valve calcification in a 76 year-old woman who had received supplementation with alfacalcidol, an analogue of vitamin D, for 3 years after her initial valve replacement. She underwent aortic valve replacement at the age of 71 and subsequently complained of shortness of breath. Ultrasonic cardiography revealed severe aortic stenosis and we performed a second aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Histopathologic and x-ray examination showed calcification on the explanted valve. She had not presented with any known risk for early bioprosthetic calcification, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may accelerate calcification of bioprosthetic valves.ArticleJOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY. 8:11 (2013)journal articl

The factorial structure of the dissociative experiences Scale : On sub-functions of dissociation. <Article>

This article focuses on the factorial structure of the dissociative experience scale to elucidate the sub-functions of dissociation. An initial investigation was undertaken with 269 undergraduate students (130 male, 139 female) to illustrate the factorial structure of the dissociative experience scale. Our exploratory factor analysis data indicate that the dissociative experience scale has a two-factorial structure. A subsequent investigation with 232 undergraduate students (48 male, 184 female) confirmed this structure. The analysis data from the second investigation indicate that the factorial structure provides cross-validation. The two investigations suggest that dissociation has two sub-functions, "detachment" and "compartmentalization." Furthermore, these two sub-functions may have different functions and/or purposes. Accordingly, more research is necessary to clarify which sub-functions are efficacious in what kind of experiences

Marked motor function improvement in a 32-year-old woman with childhood-onset hypophosphatasia by asfotase alfa therapy: Evaluation based on standardized testing batteries used in Duchenne muscular dystrophy clinical trials

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare disorder resulting from biallelic loss-of-function variants or monoallelic dominant negative variants in the ALPL gene. We herein describe the clinical outcome of a 32-year-old woman with childhood-onset HPP caused by compound heterozygous variants in ALPL. Her chief complaints were severe musculoskeletal pain, muscle weakness, and impaired daily activities necessitating assistance in housework and child-rearing in addition to a history of early tooth loss and mildly short stature. Asfotase alfa therapy produced a remarkable increase in muscle strength and daily activities and markedly reduced musculoskeletal pain. Drug efficacy was clearly demonstrated through multiple test batteries (muscle strength test using microFET®2, six-minute walking test, Stair Climb Test, rising-from-floor-time test, and number-of-steps test using Actigraph®) currently adopted as standardized evaluations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy clinical trials since no test batteries for HPP have been established to date. These tests may also be promising for the assessment of HPP

Pathological study of pulmonary toxicity induced by intratracheally instilled Asian sand dust (Kosa): effects of lowered serum zinc level on the toxicity

Introduction. We have previously reported that Asian sand dust (ASD) induced acute and chronic inflammatory changes in the lung of mice. Zinc (Zn) is reported to influence inflammation and wound healing. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of lowered serum Zn levels on the lung toxicity induced by ASD. Material and methods. Mice that were fed diets containing normal (group 1) or low (group 2) content of Zn for 8 weeks were intratracheally instilled with 3.0 mg of ASD, followed by sacrifice at 24 hours, 2 weeks, and 1, 2 and 3 months after instillation. Paraffin sections of lung tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemistry to detect tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β as well as inflammasome (NALP3), autophagy (LC-3) and lysosome (LAMP-1) markers. Selected samples of lung tissue were examined by electron microscopy. Results. Following histological examination of the lung, similar patterns of inflammatory changes were observed in mice with normal and low serum Zn concentrations; however, they were more prominent and persistent in mice with low serum Zn level. These changes were both purulent (acute) and pyogranulomatous (chronic) in nature. In the lung lesions of group 2 mice the changes within the cytoplasmic vacuoles of enlarged ASD-containing macrophages (Mo) were clearly visible. The macrophages expressed TNF and IL-1β, and semi-quantitative analysis revealed a larger number of TNF-positive Mo in mice with normal level of serum Zn and a larger number of IL-1β-positive Mo in mice with low level of serum Zn. Decreased positive LC-3 staining and dilated lysosomes containing ASD particles were observed in the cytoplasm of Mo in mice with low serum Zn concentration. Conclusions. These findings suggest that low serum zinc concentration may induce the modulation of cytokine expression and lysosomal malfunction by phagocytotic and/or autophagic mechanisms, and may result in interstitial pyogranulomatous inflammation in the lungs of mice treated with ASD

NMR-metabolomics revealed metabolites and bioactivity variation in Torbangun leaves (Plectranthus amboinicus L.) of different origin

Plectranthus amboinicus (PA) were previously reported to have antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Environmental factors might influence the plant’s  secondary metabolite profile and their health beneficial properties. NMR-metabolomics was used to show phytochemicals variation between the Plectranthus ambonicus grown in Japan and that grown in Indonesia. The results showed that flavonoids and triterpenes were among discriminating factors of the variation between the two groups. Targeted comparative analysis of the concentration of the specific flavonoids of the plants using a validated HPLC-MWD method showed that Japanese samples contained higher concentration of total flavonoids than that of Indonesian samples. The Japanese and Indonesian samples contained 1100.6 ± 5.1 and 532.4 ± 1.8 µg/g  luteolin , 584.5 ± 7.4 and 571.7 ± 11.6 µg/g  apigenin, respectively. Eriodyctiol was detected only in Indonesian samples. Contrarily, more intensive DPPH reduction and α-glucosidase inhibition activities were found in the  Indonesian samples (IC50 14.4 ± 1.2 and 24.0 ± 0.3 µg/mL for the DPPH assay, 1181.9 ± 113.5 and 4451.4 ± 290.0 µg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition, respectively). Thus, the flavonoids might not the only group of compounds related to the bioactivity, but it should be confirmed  by further research targetting other groups of compounds such as triterpenes

The use of a scented face mask in pediatric patients may facilitate mask acceptance before anesthesia induction

BackgroundScented face masks are commonly used during the induction phase of anesthesia. The present study investigated whether the use of a scented mask improved mask acceptance before the slow induction of anesthesia in pediatric patients.MethodsThis prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled patients aged 2–10 years who were scheduled to undergo surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to either of regular unscented (control group) or scented (experimental group) face masks before anesthesia induction with a parent. The primary outcome was the mask acceptance score, rated on a validated 4-point from 1 point (not afraid; easily accepts the mask) to 4 points (afraid of a mask; crying or struggling). The secondary outcome was heart rate assessed by pulse oximetry in the pediatric ward before transfer to the operating room (OR), at the entrance to the OR, at the patient notification of mask fitting by the anesthesiologist, and after mask fitting.ResultsSeventy-seven patients were accessed for eligibility, with 67 enrolled in the study: 33 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. Mask acceptance was significantly greater among patients aged 2–3 years in the experimental than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe use of a scented mask can improve mask acceptance before anesthesia induction with a parental presence in pediatric patients aged 2–3 years.Clinical Trial Registration: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000040819