Global Citizens and Family Relations

__Abstract__ As globalisation progresses, cross-border movements of people are becoming dynamic and multilateral. The existence of different groups and minorities within the community renders the society multiethnic and multicultural. As individuals acquire new affiliation and belonging, the conventional conflict of laws methods may no longer be viable and should be subject to a thorough re-examination. Against this background, this paper analyses appropriate conflicts rules in international family relations to reflect an individual’s identity. Furthermore, in light of the contemporary law fragmentation, this study also analyses interactions between state law and non-state cultural, religious or customary norms

Spike Code Flow in Cultured Neuronal Networks

We observed spike trains produced by one-shot electrical stimulation with 8 × 8 multielectrodes in cultured neuronal networks. Each electrode accepted spikes from several neurons. We extracted the short codes from spike trains and obtained a code spectrum with a nominal time accuracy of 1%. We then constructed code flow maps as movies of the electrode array to observe the code flow of “1101” and “1011,” which are typical pseudorandom sequence such as that we often encountered in a literature and our experiments. They seemed to flow from one electrode to the neighboring one and maintained their shape to some extent. To quantify the flow, we calculated the “maximum cross-correlations” among neighboring electrodes, to find the direction of maximum flow of the codes with lengths less than 8. Normalized maximum cross-correlations were almost constant irrespective of code. Furthermore, if the spike trains were shuffled in interval orders or in electrodes, they became significantly small. Thus, the analysis suggested that local codes of approximately constant shape propagated and conveyed information across the network. Hence, the codes can serve as visible and trackable marks of propagating spike waves as well as evaluating information flow in the neuronal network

2020 (令和2 )年度保育実習Ⅱ及び保育実習Ⅲ学内実習の取り組みについて

2020年に入り、新型コロナウイルスが世界中で猛威をふるい、これまでの当たり前だった生活は一変した。その影響で2020年度2月期の保育実習Ⅱ及び保育実習Ⅲは、感染拡大防止の観点から学内で実習を実施した。保育所、施設での実習とは当然あり方が異なったが、この状況を逆手にとり、学内実習ならではの学びを実習生にしてもらえるよう、様々な発見、気付きを促す取り組みを事前に構築した。結果として、学内実習は無事終えることができた。そればかりか、実習生の様々な気付きや発見をもとに、我々教員も保育に対する新たな気付きがあったように思う。いわば実習生と教員の相互作用により、事前に準備をしていたもの以上の実習が実現できたのではないかと思う。From 2020, suddenly Covid-19 pandemic set up all over the world. So we can\u27t keep usual life. Due to this pandemic, Nursery Practice Program Committee decided to work out on-campus practice as Nursery Practice Program Ⅱ・Ⅲ, instead of off-campus. Of course there are many different cases between on-campus and off-campus, since in this pandemic, might as well we tried students to learn special to on-campus practice for original inspiration and discover about nursery.Finally, this practice is end without any trouble. Not only students, but also we got much inspirations and discovers about nursery. So, we fulfilled transaction between students and teachers, got learning beyond expectation

Iron Dynamics and Oxidative Stress Resistance

Iron is the most abundant metal in our body, and is very important for vital phenomena such as oxygen transport in red blood cells. iron is involved not only in oxygen transport but also in collagen, DNA, and ATP synthesis. Therefore, lack of iron has an adverse effect on the cellular level. in addition, it has been reported if iron is excessive, carcinogenesis, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases may occur. it has been also reported the sensitivity tooxidative stress was changed by intracellular and mitochondrial iron dynamics. we will discuss about the mechanism of incorporation of iron into the body, uptake and reuse of iron in the cell and mitochondria iron metabolism because mitochondria are the main iron-utilizing organelles in the cell.departmental bulletin pape

Plasma Membrane Status against Oxidative Stress Sensitivity in Mitochondria Damaged Cells

Oxidative stress is a harmful state for the cell. The state arises from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS）．ROS is a key molecule in maintaining cell proliferation, inflammation and cell death. ROS is also involved in aging and causes many diseases such as Parkinson s disease, Alzheimer s disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. The primary site of ROS generation in vivo is mitochondria. Mitochondria have its own DNA（mtDNA）that encodes a part of oxidative phosphorylation component proteins in mitochondria, and mtDNA damage by ROS causes neurodegenerative diseases and various types of cancer. Therefore, these damaged cells will provide valuable cell models to study oxidative stress and overcome ROS derived diseases. To analyze the mechanism of oxidative stress and ROS derived diseases, mtDNA depleted cells（ρ0 cells）are developed by treating low dose ethidium bromide. ρ0 cells do not have mtDNA, can't survive without pyruvate and uridine, produce little amount of ATP, sensitive to oxidative stress and generate higher ROS compared with parental cell. in this review, we describe the cellular response by oxidative stress such as radiation and hydrogen peroxide using ρ0 cells. we also discuss the relationship among oxidative stress sensitivity, mitochondria damage and plasma membrane status.departmental bulletin pape