Avaliação nutricional de farinhas de origem animal em cães

Orientador: Profa. Dra. Ananda Portella FélixCoorientador: Profa. Dra. Cristina M. L. Sá-FortesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Defesa : Curitiba, 26/03/2018Inclui referênciasResumo: Avaliou-se a digestibilidade, características fecais e palatabilidade de dietas contendo farinhas de origem animal (FOA) em cães. Em cada experimento foram avaliadas quatro dietas contendo:0, 100, 200 e 300 g/kg de proteína isolada de suíno (ISU), farinha de vísceras bovina (BOV), vísceras de peru (PE) e vísceras de frango griller (GR), em substituição a farinha de vísceras de frango (FVF). Para cada ensaio de digestibilidade, oito cães adultos da raça Beagle foram distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo (4x4), totalizando oito repetições. Foram avaliados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) das dietas e das FOA, por análise de regressão (P0,05) a EM da dieta. Os CDA estimados da BOV foram: MS = 73,5%, PB = 73,6% e MO = 66,9%. A BOV reduziu a produção de ácido siálico (1,10 a 0,89 ?mol/g). Houve aumento linear (P0,05). Com exceção do CDA da MO, que reduziu linearmente (P0,05) e nem a palatabilidade da dieta (P>0,05). A inclusão de ISU na dieta aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e a EM, porém, reduz a palatabilidade e a MS fecal dos cães. A BOV não altera a palatabilidade da dieta e apresenta menor digestibilidade da MS, MO e PB, que a FVF. A PE apresenta CDA, EM e palatabilidade maiores que a FVF em cães. A GR apresenta digestibilidade dos nutrientes e EM e palatabilidade semelhantes à FVF convencional. Palavras-chave: Digestibilidade. Fonte proteica animal. Reciclagem ambiental.Abstract: The digestibility, fecal characteristics and palatability of diets containing animal meal in dogs were evaluated. In each experiment, four diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g / kg of porcine protein isolated (PPI), bovine viscera meal (BVM), turkey viscera meal (TVM) and chicken griller viscera (CGV) , replacing poultry viscera meal (PVM). For each digestibility assay, eight adult Beagle dogs were distributed in a double Latin quadrangle (4x4), totaling eight replicates. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of the diets and the animal meal were evaluated by regression analysis (P 0.05) the dietary ME. The estimated ACD of the BVM were: MS = 73.5%, PB = 73.6% and OM = 66.9%. BVM reduced production of sialic acid (1.10 to 0.89 ?mol / g). There was a linear increase (P 0.05). With the exception of ACD of MO, which reduced linearly (P 0.05) or the palatability of the diet (P> 0.05). The inclusion of PPI in the diet increases nutrient digestibility and DM, however, it reduces palatability and fecal DM of dogs. The BVM does not alter the palatability of the diet and has lower digestibility of DM, OM and CP than PVM. PE has ACD, DM and palatability greater than PVM in dogs. CGV has nutrient digestibility and DM and palatability similar to conventional PVM. Key-words: Digestibility. Animal protein source. Environmental recycling

Combined Use of a Solid-Phase Hexapeptide Ligand Library with Liquid Chromatography and Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis for Intact Plasma Proteomics

The intact plasma proteome is of great interest in biomarker studies because intact proteins reflect posttranslational protein processing such as phosphorylation that may correspond to disease status. We examined the utility of a solid-phase hexapeptide ligand library in combination with conventional plasma proteomics modalities for comprehensive profiling of intact plasma proteins. Plasma proteins were sequentially fractionated using depletion columns for albumin and immunoglobulin, and separated using an anion-exchange column. Proteins in each fraction were treated with a solid-phase hexapeptide ligand library and compared to those without treatment. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis demonstrated an increased number of protein spots in the treated samples. Mass spectrometric studies of these protein spots with unique intensity in the treated samples resulted in the identification of high- and medium-abundance proteins. Our results demonstrated the possible utility of a solid-phase hexapeptide ligand library to reveal greater number of intact plasma proteins. The characteristics of proteins with unique affinity to the library remain to be clarified by more extensive mass spectrometric protein identification, and optimized protocols should be established for large-scale plasma biomarker studies

Peculiar Distribution of Tumorous Xanthomas in an Adult Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease Complicated by Atopic Dermatitis

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare non-Langerhans form of histiocytosis with multiple organ involvement. Approximately 20% of patients have xanthoma-like lesions, usually on the eyelids. We report a case of Erdheim-Chester disease in a 32-year-old male who showed peculiar xanthomatous skin lesions and also had atopic dermatitis. His skin manifestations included ring-like yellowish tumors on his periorbital regions, rope necklace-like tumors on his neck, and spindle-shaped tumors on his right preauricular region and cubital fossas. He also had exophthalmos and diabetes insipidus. Chronic eczematous lesions were present on the flexor aspect of his extremities, and his serum eosinophil numbers and immunoglobulin E levels were elevated. A histological examination of his right neck tumor showed foamy macrophages and touton-type giant cells, which were positive for CD68 and CD163 and negative for S-100 and CD1a. We suggest that the complication of atopic dermatitis may have contributed to the uncommon clinical features in this case

Comparison of dynamic occlusal contacts during chewing between working and balancing sides

Objectives: Mastication is a crucial function for the elderly, and promotes oral health status, cognitive function and the physical constitution. Most reports about occlusion patterns and occlusal glide of adults have reported the jaw movement at the lower incisal point due to easiness of evaluating masticatory performance. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that dynamic occlusal contact area (OCA) during chewing differ for each tooth on the working vs. the balancing chewing side. Design: In thirteen healthy Japanese females, OCA was estimated with a measurement system combining 3-D tracking of mandibular movements with 3-D digitization of tooth shape. Results: The starting of occlusal contact between teeth at working side and balancing side did not differ significantly. In contrast, ending of occlusal contact of teeth at balancing side were markedly longer than that of teeth at working side at lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar. The dynamic sum of OCAs for all teeth was symmetrical around maximum closed position (MCP) when chewing on the working side. In contrast, the dynamic sum of OCA peaked after MCP when chewing on the balancing side. In working and balancing side, sums of maximum OCA at all posterior teeth accounted for 93%, 86% of sum OCA for all teeth at working and balancing sides, respectively. Conclusion: Our result suggested that the hypothesis that dynamic OCA during chewing differ for each tooth on the working vs. the balancing chewing side was not accepted at molars

Enhanced growth of seed viruses for H5N1 influenza vaccines

AbstractSeed viruses used to produce inactivated H5N1 influenza vaccines are recombinant viruses with modified avirulent-type hemagglutinin (HA) and intact neuraminidase (NA) genes, both derived from an H5N1 isolate, and all remaining genes from the PR8 strain, which grows well in eggs. However, some reassortants grow suboptimally in eggs, imposing obstacles to timely, cost-efficient vaccine production. Here, we demonstrate that our PR8 strain supports better in ovo growth than the PR8 strain used for the WHO-recommended seed virus, NIBRG-14. Moreover, inclusion of an alternative NA protein further enhanced viral growth in eggs. These findings suggest that our H5N1 vaccine candidates would increase the availability of H5N1 vaccine doses at the onset of a new pandemic

Electrostatic Levitation Furnace for the ISS

JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) has just started the development of Electrostatic Levitation Furnace to be launched in 2014 for the ISS. This furnace can control the sample position with electrostatic force and heat it above 2000 degree Celsius using semiconductor laser from four different directions. The announcement of Opportunity will be issued soon for this furnace. In this paper, we will show the specifications of this furnace and also the development schedul

Phytoceramide and sphingoid bases derived from brewer's yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate lipid and glucose metabolism. PPARα is highly expressed in the liver and controls genes involved in lipid catabolism. We previously reported that synthetic sphingolipid analogs, part of which contains shorter-length fatty acid chains than natural sphingolipids, stimulated the transcriptional activities of PPARs. Sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine (DHS) are abundant sphingoid bases, and ceramide and dihydroceramide are major ceramide species in mammals. In contrast, phytosphingosine (PHS) and DHS are the main sphingoid bases in fungi. PHS and phytoceramide exist in particular tissues such as the epidermis in mammals, and involvement of ceramide species in PPARβ activation in cultured keratinocytes has been reported. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether natural sphingolipids with C18 fatty acid and yeast-derived sphingoid bases activate PPARs as PPAR agonists.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Lipids of brewer's yeast contain PHS- and DHS-based sphingolipids. To obtain the sphingoid bases, lipids were extracted from brewer's yeast and acid-hydrolyzed. The sphingoid base fraction was purified and quantified. To assess the effects of sphingolipids on PPAR activation, luciferase reporter assay was carried out. NIH/3T3 and human hepatoma (HepG2) cells were transfected with expression vectors for PPARs and retinoid × receptors, and PPAR responsive element reporter vector. When indicated, the PPAR/Gal4 chimera system was performed to enhance the credibility of experiments. Sphingolipids were added to the cells and the dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the transcriptional activity of PPARs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We observed that phytoceramide increased the transcriptional activities of PPARs significantly, whereas ceramide and dihydroceramide did not change PPAR activities. Phytoceramide also increased transactivation of PPAR/Gal4 chimera receptors. Yeast-derived sphingoid base fraction, which contained PHS and DHS, or authentic PHS or DHS increased PPAR-dependent transcription. Additionally, phytoceramide stimulated PPARα activity in HepG2 hepatocytes, suggesting that phytoceramide activates genes regulated by PPARα.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Phytoceramide and yeast-derived sphingoid bases activate PPARs, whereas ceramide and dihydroceramide do not change the PPAR activity. The present findings suggest that phytoceramide acts as a PPAR ligand that would regulate PPAR-targeted genes.</p