Digitisation of Weather Records of Seungjeongwon Ilgi: A Historical Weather Dynamics Dataset of the Korean Peninsula (1623-1910)

Introduction This study has exploited the daily weather records of Seungjeongwon Ilgi from the NIKH database (http://sjw.history.go.kr/main.do). Seungjeongwon Ilgi is a daily record of the Seungjeongwon, the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. These diaries span from 1623 to 1910 and generally involve daily weather records in the entry header. Their observational site would be located in Seoul (N37°35′, E126°59′). We have exploited the weather records from the NIKH database and classified the daily weather using text mining method. We have also converted the report dates from the traditional lunisolar calendar to the Gregorian calendar, to better contextualise our data into the contemporary daily measurements. Data We provide different formats (csv, xlsx, json) to facilitate the usage of data. The main contents of data are listed as below. ID: The unique identifier of a specific record in the metadata, which can also serve as the identifier to merge with external data in the NIKH digital database. Traditional calendar: The original lunar dates in the NIKH digital database, which are listed in data format "YYYY-MM-DD". More specifically, "L0" implies the leap year and "L1" implies the common year. Leap: The identifier of a leap year. Gregorian calendar: The Gregorian calendar date that converted by the traditional calendar date. Weather Text: The text that describe the weather conditions. Specifically, multiple weather descriptions of the same day have been put together. Flag: The computed value that indicates different combinations of weather conditions. Volume: The volume of text in the original record. Herbal Volume: The volume of text in the herbal record. Sunny: A dummy variable that represents whether the weather description contains the expression of sunny. Cloudy: A dummy variable that represents whether the weather description contains the expression of cloudy. Rainy: A dummy variable that represents whether the weather description contains the expression of rainy. Snow: A dummy variable that represents whether the weather description contains the expression of snow. Wind: A dummy variable that represents whether the weather description contains the expression of wind. Import Data # Python # CSV file import pandas as pd data=pd.read_csv('~/SJWilgi_Seoul_Weather_YR1623_1910.csv',encoding="utf-8") # JSON file data=pd.read_json('~/SJWilgi_Seoul_Weather_YR1623_1910.json',encoding="utf-8") # Excel file data=pd.read_excel('~/SJWilgi_Seoul_Weather_YR1623_1910.xlsx') # Excel file # R # CSV file library(readr) data<- read_csv("~/SJWilgi_Seoul_Weather_YR1623_1910.csv") # Excel file library(readxl) data <- read_excel("~/SJWilgi_Seoul_Weather_YR1623_1910.xlsx"

Effects of antioxidants and NO on TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells

SummaryPro-inflammatory cytokines initiate the vascular inflammatory response via upregulation of adhesion molecules on the endothelium. Recent observations suggest that reactive oxygen intermediates may play a pivotal role in TNF-α signaling and upregulate gene expression. We therefore evaluated the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 0.1 mM) and spermine NONOate (Sper-NO; 1mM) on adhesion molecule expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by TNF-α(10ng/ml) in cultured human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC). Treatment of cells with TNF-α for 4h significantly induced the surface expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1. Treatment with TNF-α for 8h significantly induced the surface expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The upregulation of these adhesion molecules was suppressed significantly by pretreatment with PDTC or Sper-NO for 1h. 8-Bromo-cyclic GMP (1mM) had no such effect, suggesting that the NO donor's effect was non-cGMP-dependent. The mRNA expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and activation of NF-κB induced by TNF-α for 2h were decreased significantly by the above two pretreatments. N-acetylcysteine (10mM) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (1mM) had little inhibitory effects on the cell surface and mRNA expression of these adhesion molecules stimulated by TNF-α. Treatment with TNF-α for 4h enhanced HL-60 leukocyte adhesion to human PMVEC, the effect of which was inhibited significantly by pretreatment with PDTC or Sper-NO. These findings indicate that both cell surface and mRNA expression of adhesion molecules in human PMVEC induced by TNF-α are inhibited significantly by pretreatment with PDTC or Sper-NO, possibly in part through blocking the activation of NF-κB. Although our in vitro results cannot be directly extrapolated to the in vivo situation, they suggest a potential therapeutic approach for intervention in cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes in the human lung

BHLHA15-Positive Secretory Precursor Cells Can Give Rise to Tumors in Intestine and Colon in Mice

Background & Aims: The intestinal epithelium is maintained by long-lived intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that reside near the crypt base. Above the ISC zone, there are short-lived progenitors that normally give rise to lineage-specific differentiated cell types but can dedifferentiate into ISCs in certain circumstances. However, the role of epithelial dedifferentiation in cancer development has not been fully elucidated. Methods: We performed studies with Bhlha15-CreERT, Lgr5-DTR-GFP, Apc flox/flox , LSL-Notch (IC), and R26-reporter strains of mice. Some mice were given diphtheria toxin to ablate Lgr5-positive cells, were irradiated, or were given 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, doxorubicin, or dextran sodium sulfate to induce intestinal or colonic tissue injury. In intestinal tissues, we analyzed the fate of progeny that expressed Bhlha15. We used microarrays and reverse-transcription PCR to analyze gene expression patterns in healthy and injured intestinal tissues and in tumors. We analyzed gene expression patterns in human colorectal tumors using The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. Results: Bhlha15 identified Paneth cells and short-lived secretory precursors (including pre-Paneth label-retaining cells) located just above the ISC zone in the intestinal epithelium. Bhlha15 + cells had no plasticity after loss of Lgr5-positive cells or irradiation. However, Bhlha15 + secretory precursors started to supply the enterocyte lineage after doxorubicin-induced epithelial injury in a Notch-dependent manner. Sustained activation of Notch converts Bhlha15 + secretory precursors to long-lived enterocyte progenitors. Administration of doxorubicin and expression of an activated form of Notch resulted in a gene expression pattern associated with enterocyte progenitors, whereas only sustained activation of Notch altered gene expression patterns in Bhlha15 + precursors toward those of ISCs. Bhlha15 + enterocyte progenitors with sustained activation of Notch formed intestinal tumors with serrated features in mice with disruption of Apc. In the colon, Bhlha15 marked secretory precursors that became stem-like, cancer-initiating cells after dextran sodium sulfate–induced injury, via activation of Src and YAP signaling. In analyses of human colorectal tumors, we associated activation of Notch with chromosome instability-type tumors with serrated features in the left colon. Conclusions: In mice, we found that short-lived precursors can undergo permanent reprogramming by activation of Notch and YAP signaling. These cells could mediate tumor formation in addition to traditional ISCs

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片桐洋一教授古稀記念特

Determination of 1, 3-, 1, 6-, 1, 8-Dinitropyrenes and 1-Nitropyrene in Vehicle Exhaust Particulates

1, 3-, 1, 6-, 1, 8-Dinitropyrenes (DNPs) and 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in exhaust particulates from idling gasoline and diesel engines were determined using off-line sodium hydrosulfide reduction followed by HPLC with chemiluminescence detection. The mean concentrations of 1, 3-, 1, 6-, 1, 8-DNPs and 1-NP were 0.22, 0.44, 0.35 and 1.8 pmol/mg, respectively, in gasoline particulates (n=8) and 0.23, 0.23, 0.21 and 51 pmol/mg, respectively, in diesel particulates (n=7). Although the concentrations of DNPs were lower than that of 1-NP in both gasoline and diesel particulates, they cannot be dismissed as negligible because of their extremely high mutagenicity. There was a tendency toward higher DNPs and 1-NP concentrations in particulates, with the lowering of particulate concentration in exhaust gas. The total amount of DNPs and 1-NP emitted from diesel engine vehicles was considered to be remarkably higher than that of gasoline engine vehicles