Contactless polygraph

The constant transformation of our surroundings often goes unnoticed, but it occurs nonetheless. Imperceptibly, our skin undergoes slight color changes as our hearts beat, and our heads subtly move with each breath. While these alterations may escape our eyes, they are captured by cameras. We can magnify the variation in those small signals to extract important information such as heartbeat rate, which in turn can be used in many real-life applications such as polygraph tests. The polygraph, or lie detector test, is a tool that measures physiological changes in an individual to detect deception. This thesis aimed to explore the feasibility of using video information to extract heartbeat rates, replacing the traditional sensors that are commonly used to extract this information. Through a series of experiments involving videos of people standing still, and a video of a real-life suspect that was lying, it was consistently possible to enhance the color changes that occur in a person's skin when their heartbeats. Though it was not possible to develop a fully-functioning lie detector test, this thesis proves that the motion and color magnification technique is reliable even when applied to videos of individuals engaged in speech and movement. It also proved that it is an interesting solution that has the potential of revolutionizing how interviews and interrogations are conducted

Differential expression of nuclear lamin subtypes in the neural cells of the adult rat cerebral cortex

Lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins that are located beneath the inner nuclear membrane. In mammalian somatic cells, LMNB1 and LMNB2 encode somatic lamins B1 and B2, respectively, and the LMNA gene is alternatively spliced to generate somatic lamins A and C. Mutations in lamin genes have been linked to many human hereditary diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Knowledge about lamins in the nervous system has been accumulated recently, but a precise analysis of lamin subtypes in glial cells has not yet been reported. In this study we investigated the composition of lamin subtypes in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, and microglia in the adult rat cerebral cortex using an immunohistochemical staining method. Lamin A was not observed in neurons and glial cells. Lamin C was observed in astrocytes, mature oligodendrocytes and neurons, but not observed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Microglia also did not stain positive for lamin C which differed from macrophages, with lamin C positive. Lamin B1 and B2 were observed in all glial cells and neurons. Lamin B1 was intensely positive in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells compared with other glial cells and neurons. Lamin B2 was weakly positive in all glial cells compared to neurons. Our current study might provide useful information to reveal how the onset mechanisms of human neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mutations in genes for nuclear lamin proteins

Ansiedade e estresse na residência multiprofissional em saúde / Anxiety and stress in multiprofessional residency in healthcare

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências mais recentes sobre ansiedade e/ou estresse na residência multiprofissional em saúde encontradas na literatura. Método: trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca e seleção dos artigos foram realizadas entre o final de janeiro de 2020 ao final de fevereiro do mesmo ano, e abrangeram obras de 2005 a 2020. Foram incluídos estudos disponíveis na íntegra e on-line, em português, inglês ou espanhol, e excluídos aqueles que não responderam à pergunta norteadora ou cuja amostra não era referente a residentes multiprofissionais. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: (ansiedade OR estresse psicológico) AND “internato não médico”; (anxiety OR stress, psychological) AND “nonmedical internship”; (ansiedad OR estrés psicológico) AND “internato no médico”. Resultados: inicialmente identificaram-se 42 artigos, sendo a amostra final composta por seis artigos. Conclusão: de um modo geral, a residência multiprofissional apresenta diversos fatores que contribuem para o surgimento do estresse e/ou ansiedade no residente. Assim, ressalta-se a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o tema que contribuam para a elaboração de estratégias para minimizá-los

A Case of Gastroparesis after Cryoballoon Ablation followed by Medication-Induced Recovery within 6 Months

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, and cryoballoon ablation was developed as a new treatment modality for symptomatic AF. Gastroparesis is rarely reported as a transient complication of ablation, and its frequency and risk are not clear. We experienced a rare case of gastroparesis after cryoballoon ablation followed by medication-induced recovery within 6 months

The updated retrospective questionnaire study of sporadic inclusion body myositis in Japan

Background: Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most prevalent muscle disease in elderly people, affecting the daily activities. sIBM is progressive with unknown cause and without effective treatment. In 2015, sIBM was classified as an intractable disease by the Japanese government, and the treatment cost was partly covered by the government. This study aimed to examine the changes in the number of patients with sIBM over the last 10 years and to elucidate the cross-sectional profile of Japanese patients with sIBM. Methods: The number of sIBM patients was estimated through a reply-paid postcard questionnaire for attending physicians. Only patients diagnosed as “definite” or “probable” sIBM by clinical and biopsy sIBM criteria were included in this study (Lancet Neurol 6:620-631, 2007, Neuromuscul Disord 23:1044-1055, 2013). Additionally, a registered selfadministered questionnaire was also sent to 106 patients who agreed to reply via their attending physician, between November 2016 and March 2017. Results: The number of patients diagnosed with sIBM for each 5-year period was 286 and 384 in 2011 and 2016, respectively. Inability to stand-up, cane-dependent gait, inability to open a plastic bottle, choking on food ingestion, and being wheelchair-bound should be included as sIBM milestones. Eight patients were positive for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody; three of them were administered interferon before sIBM onset. Steroids were administered to 33 patients (31.1%) and intravenous immunoglobulin to 46 patients (43.4%). From 2016 to 2017, total of 70 patients applied for the designated incurable disease medical expenses subsidy program. Although the treatment cost was partly covered by the government, many patients expressed psychological/mental and financial anxieties. Conclusions: We determined the cross-sectional profile of Japanese patients with sIBM. Continuous support and prospective surveys are warranted

Antioxidantes na lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse: uma análise dos dados pré-clínicos / Antioxidants in the sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: a pre-clinical data analysis

Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de substâncias antioxidantes na lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse em modelos pré-clínicos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com adoção da estratégia PICO. Busca realizada nas bases de dados SCIELO, BVS e PUBMED, de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2020 até 2010. Resultado: A busca retornou um total de 27 artigos, sendo mantido um total de 09 após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A produção se concentrou respectivamente: 44% na China, 33% no Brasil, 11% na Turquia e 11% na Espanha; Oito artigos utilizaram a técnica de ligadura e punção do cécum e um a administração de lipopolissacarídeo; Foi avaliado um total de 11 substâncias antioxidantes nos nove artigos selecionados, apenas a N-Acetilcisteína  não comprovou efeito renoprotetor no modelo proposto. Conclusão: O uso de substâncias antioxidantes podem ser utilizadas como terapêutica para prevenção da lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse agindo na via inflamatória da sepse, das onze substâncias compiladas neste trabalho apenas uma não conseguiu demonstrar o seu caráter renoprotetor, ainda são necessários mais estudos para saber eficácia e segurança em modelos clínicos

Fatores de risco para readmissão não planejada na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto / Risk factors for unplanned readmission in the adult intensive care unit

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura nacional e internacional os fatores de risco para readmissão não planejada em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto (UTI). Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, Medline e Cochrane, utilizando-se os descritores: patient readmission/readmissão do paciente/readmisión del paciente, intensive care units/unidades de terapia intensiva/unidades de cuidados intensivos e risk factors/fatores de risco/factores de riesgo, realizada entre agosto e setembro de 2019. Resultados: A partir da análise de 22 artigos, levantou-se os fatores de risco quanto a: dados sociodemográficos (idade avançada 45%, sexo masculino 27,2%), dados clínicos (comorbidades 59%, uso de ventilação mecânica 36.3%, alto índice de gravidade na admissão 27,2%, admissão por cirurgia de emergência 27,2% e alteração de exames laboratoriais 27,2%) e dados administrativos (ser proveniente da enfermaria 18,1% ). Conclusão: O conhecimento desses fatores de risco pode subsidiar o enfermeiro no compartilhamento do processo decisório de alta, visando melhores desfechos para o paciente e reduzindo custos hospitalares. Sugere-se, a partir desse levantamento, a elaboração de escala de predição de risco de readmissão em UTI que tenha sua eficácia e aplicabilidade testadas.